法国儿童入学年龄将从6岁降至3岁

Children in France will start school at the age of three instead of six, under new reforms announced by President Emmanuel Macron.

法国总统马克龙宣布最新改革举措，法国儿童的入学年龄将从6岁降至3岁。

The change will give France one of the lowest compulsory school starting ages in Europe.

此举将使法国成为欧洲义务教育入学年龄最低的国家之一。

But it will only affect a small number of children, as the majority of French families already choose to send their children to school at three.

不过，这项改革将仅仅影响少数儿童，因为多数法国家庭的孩子都已经在3岁时入学了。

Only 2.4% of children are not enrolled at that age, government figures show.

据政府数据，仅有2.4%的儿童在3岁时没有入学。

Mr Macron said the change was intended to reduce inequality in education, as parents in poorer areas of France and in overseas territories are less likely to send their children to school at an early age.

马克龙表示，这项改革旨在减少教育不平等现象，因为生活在较贫困地区和海外领地的父母不太可能让孩子较早入学。

In Paris, 93% of three-year-olds are enrolled but the figure is much lower in some overseas territories, according to Le Monde.

据《法国世界报》报道，巴黎93%的3岁儿童入学读书，但在一些海外领地，这一比例要低得多。

"I hope that with this obligation, from the start of the school year in 2019, we can... correct this unacceptable differential," Mr Macron told a conference on Tuesday.

马克龙在周二的会议上说：“我希望有了这项义务教育政策之后，从明年的学年开始，我们能够纠正这种不可接受的教育差异。”

He hailed the change as "a founding moment in the French education system".

他称这项改革为“法国教育体系的奠基时刻”。

There is much debate about when children should begin formal education.

关于儿童应何时开始接受正规教育有诸多争议。

A study published in 2017 found that children who started school later were less likely to be inattentive or hyperactive in class.

2017年发布的一项调查表明，较晚上学的儿童在课堂上注意力不集中和多动的现象会少一些。

Finland, Poland and Estonia - three of Europe's most academically successful countries - have a school starting age of seven.

芬兰、波兰和爱沙尼亚是欧洲三个学术上最有成就的国家，这三个国家的儿童都是7岁入学。

But children in those countries have usually been in a nursery, where they have been learning through play and games. Class sizes are also generally smaller.

但这些国家的儿童之前都会上幼儿园，在那里他们通过玩耍和游戏学习。班级规模一般也更小。

欧洲国家和地区儿童入学年龄：

4岁：北爱尔兰

5岁：塞浦路斯、英格兰、马耳他、苏格兰、威尔士

6岁：奥地利、比利时、克罗地亚、捷克共和国、丹麦、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰共和国、意大利、列支敦士登、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞士、土耳其

7岁：保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、塞尔维亚

再来看看其他国家对儿童入学年龄都是怎么规定的：

美国：每个州的入学规定不同，但是大部分的州政府规定入学年龄为五岁（五岁起可以上学前班，六岁开始上一年级）。

澳大利亚：每个州对入学日期的限制不同。虽然有最早入学的界限，但是有相当一部分的家长会选择尽量延迟孩子入学时间。入学年龄从4岁到7岁，平均入学年龄是5.2岁。

加拿大：男女生的入学年龄是一样的，5岁的时候就可以进入公立学校读书了。

日本：与我国类似，日本也是6周岁开始上小学。

韩国：父母可以根据孩子的能力来确定上学的年龄。按照中小学教育法的规定，凡是年满6周岁的儿童便可入学，但是6岁入学不是强制性的。

新西兰：小学入学年龄是5岁。