殚精竭虑 一生只写一部著作的巨匠

For 55 years, Harper Lee had been one of the best-known literary one hit wonders: she won the Pulitzer prize for her only published novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. But now the 88-year-old has revealed that she will publish a second novel this summer, which she technically wrote before To Kill a Mockingbird and which even inspired her only book to date.

55年来，哈珀·李的名作一直只有那部使得获得普利策奖的《杀死一只知更鸟》。而现已88岁的她最近表示今年夏天要发表第二部小说，即将出版的第二部小说实际上写于《杀死一只知更鸟》之前，且为这部名作的书写提供了不少灵感。

But Lee leaves a number of literary one-hit wonders behind her. Here are a few of the best:

和之前的哈珀·李一样，很多著名作家因一书而成名，且一生只出版了这一部小说。

1. Margaret Mitchell - Gone With The Wind (1936)

1. 玛格丽特·米切尔--《乱世佳人》（1936）

Published in 1936, the sweeping tale of Scarlett O'Hara and the dashing Rhett Butler was an instant success. Mitchell, a writer for her local Atlanta newspaper, won the Pulitzer Prize and saw her debut novel turned into a Hollywood epic.

小说于1936年发表后，斯嘉丽和瑞德的故事立刻横扫全球，获得了巨大的成功。小说作者米切尔不仅获得了普利策奖，还见证了自己的首部出版小说被搬上荧屏成为了好莱坞的经典。

Mitchell hated fame and declared that she would not write another word as long as she lived. She died in a road accident in 1949. In 1995, an unpublished manuscript she had written as a teenager was discovered. It was published the following year as Lost Laysen, a romantic novella set in the South Pacific.

米切尔是个不喜名誉的人，她宣称在有生之年不再写任何东西。1949年她死于一场车祸。1995年，她写于青少年时期的一份未经发表的手稿被发现，次年这部描写南天平洋一个小岛上的爱情故事的名为《失去的莱松岛》的短片故事被发表。

2. Oscar Wilde - The Picture of Dorian Grey (1890)

2.奥斯卡·王尔德--《道林·格雷的画像》（1980）

While Wilde built a career of writing poetry and plays, his arguably most controversial work was his only published novel. At the end of the 19th century its narrative of obsession, murder and hedonism offended Victorian society, with critics dubbing The Picture of Dorian Grey everything from "effeminate" to "unclean". Perhaps it rubbed off: Wilde never wrote another novel again.

王尔德以诗歌和戏剧创作闻名，而他最受争议的也是他唯一出版的小说。十九世纪末，这部小说中对痴恋、谋杀及享乐主义的记叙与当时的社会格格不入，评论者对《道林·格雷的画像》批评从“女人气”到“不纯洁”。或许是因为这些批评，王尔德之后再没写过任何一部小说。

3. JD Salinger - The Catcher in the Rye (1951)

3. 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格--《麦田里的守望者》（1951）

Although he wrote short stories and the novella Franny and Zooey, The Catcher in the Rye was Salinger's only novel. The author was believed to have retreated from society to spend his last half century as a hermit, until letters published in January this year revealed that he had been travelling the world, visiting West End shows and popping into Burger King, all the while happily chatting to strangers who had no idea who he was.

虽然也会写短篇故事如《弗兰妮与卓埃》，但《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格唯一的一部小说。据说这位作家的后半生远离社会纷扰、做了一名隐士，但今年一月发表的信件表明他曾经周游世界，观看过伦敦西区剧院的演出，也匆匆走进过汉堡王快餐店，跟不认识自己的人一起愉快地聊天。

4. Emily Brontë - Wuthering Heights (1847)

4. 艾米莉·勃朗特--《呼啸山庄》（1847）

Brontë published her one and only novel under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. She died the following year, aged 30, from tuberculosis. In 1850, a new edition of Wuthering Heights was published with a preface written by her sister, Charlotte.

勃朗特以笔名埃利斯·贝尔出版了其唯一的一部小说，次年30岁的她死于肺结核。1850年，《呼啸山庄》再次出版，姐姐夏洛特为其撰写前言。

5. Boris Pasternak - Dr Zhivago (1957)

5. 鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克--《日瓦戈医生》（1957）

While Pasternak was an acclaimed poet, he only published one novel: Dr Zhivago. The controversial tome struggled to get published because of Pasternak's controversial attitude to socialism in soviet Russia. The manuscript was smuggled out of Russia before being published in Italy. When the novel won Pasternak the Nobel Prize in 1958, he was forced to turn it down by the Soviet authorities - or else face exile or prison. However, it was not this strife which meant Pasternak never published another novel, but the fact he died two years later from lung cancer.

虽然帕斯捷尔纳克是一个著名的诗人，但他曾出版过唯一的一部小说《日瓦戈医生》。由于作者对于苏联社会主义的态度引发争议，所以这部小说的出版过程相当艰难。小说手稿是在被私运出苏联之后才在意大利出版的。1958年帕斯捷尔纳克凭借这部小说获得诺贝尔文学奖，但苏联政府强迫他拒绝奖项，否则将对其施以放逐或监禁。当然并不是这场斗争导致帕斯捷尔纳克不再写小说的，而是两年后他因肺癌去世了。

6. Anna Sewell - Black Beauty (1877)

6. 安娜·休厄--《黑骏马》（1877）

English novellist Sewell wrote the equine children's classic in the last years of her life while she confined to bed by ill health. There she worked on it for seven years, finally being published six months before she died - just long enough for her to witness its instant early success.

英国作家休厄生命中的最后几年因病在床上度过的，在此期间她写下了这部与马有关的经典儿童小说。她花了7年的时间完成它，最终在去世前6个月得以发表，使得她能够亲眼见证自己的成功。

7. Marcel Proust - In Search of Lost Time (A la recherche du temps perdu) (1913-1927)

7. 马塞尔·普鲁斯特--《追忆似水年华》（1913-1927）

Its 4,215 pages are split over seven volumes, but In Search of Lost Time counts as one novel. Proust started writing it in 1909, and was still working on until he fell ill for the final time, weeks before his death in November 1922. Although the sprawling novel continued to be published five years after his death, Proust raised the funds to publish the first part of it himself in 1913.

虽然4215页的长度被分成七卷，但《追忆似水年华》只是一部小说。普鲁斯特于1909年开始创作，直到1922年11月因病去世前的那段时间依然在写作。1913年普鲁斯特自己筹钱发表了小说的第一部分，他去世之后，这部小说又接连发表了五年的时间。