美国任期最短的十位总统

Some presidents seem to have far too long in the Whitehouse, but some have had so little time that they were barely able to fulfill their duties. This is a list of the ten shortest presidencies in US history.

一些总统看来霸占白宫的时间那个长啊，但是有些人的任期短到还没达成使命就下台了。下面就是美国十位任期最短的总统。

10. John Tyler, 1,430 Days

In Office: April 4, 1841—March 4, 1845

在位：1841年4月4日——1845年3月4日

Served the remainder of William Harrison's term. Denied renomination by the Whigs, Tyler flirted with the Liberty Party, but was persuaded not to run by the Democrats (his former party). Tyler's presidency was rarely taken seriously in his time. He was usually referred to as the “Acting President” or “His Accidency” by opponents. Further, Tyler quickly found himself at odds with his former political supporters.

Tyler继William Harrison后担任美国总统。遭辉格党开除党籍，之后与自由党关系密切，但是又被劝说不要加入民主党（他曾经的党派）。Tyler的总统角色在他人生中并不出彩。他通常被称作是“代理总统”或被对手称作“碰巧总统”。另外，Tyler很快发现他和之前政治上的支持者想法相悖。

9. Andrew Johnson, 1,419 Days In Office: April 15, 1865—March 4, 1869

在位： 1865年4月15日——1869年3月4日

Served the remainder of Lincoln's term. Sought the Democratic nomination in 1868, but was unsuccessful. Johnson had an ambiguousparty status. He attempted to build up a party of loyalists under the National Union label, but he did not identify with either of the two main parties while President—though he did try for the Democratic nomination in 1868. Asked in 1868 why he did not become a Democrat, he said “It is true I am asked why don't I join the Democratic party. Why don't they join me…if I have administered the office of president so well?”

Johnson继Lincoln接任美国总统。在1868年寻求民主党提名，但是未能成功。Johnson的党派一直模棱两可。他曾尝试打着民族联盟的旗号建立一个反对独立的党派，但是在他在位期间，他并未明确自己从属两个主要党派中的哪个--尽管他在1868年尝试让民主党提名他继任。当别人问他为什么1868年他没有成为民主党人，他说：“问我为什么不加入民主党是对的。如果我将美国管理的很出色，为什么他们不和我统一战线？”

8. Chester A Arthur, 1,262 Days

In Office: September 19, 1881—March 4, 1885

在位：1881年9月19日——1885年3月4日

Served the remainder of Garfield's term. Sought a full term, but was not re-nominated. The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882 excluding paupers, criminals, and the mentally ill. Congress also suspended Chinese immigration for ten years with the Chinese Exclusion Act, later making the restriction permanent.

继Garfield，Arthur担任了美国总统。他希望能完成任期，但是没有再被提名。亚瑟政府颁布了第一部移民法典。Arthur在1882年通过了排斥移民、罪犯和精神有问题的人的措施。国会也通过《排华法案》禁止中国移民长达10年，而后，该限制改成了永久制。

7. John F Kennedy, 1,036 Days

In Office: January 20, 1961—November 22, 1963

在位：1961年1月20日——1963年11月22日

Assassinated in his first term. John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th President at noon on January 20, 1961. In his inauguraladdress he spoke of the need for all Americans to be active citizens, famously saying, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” He also asked the nations of the world to join together to fight what he called the “common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.”

John F Kennedy在其的任期内遇刺身亡。他在1961年1月20日中午宣誓就任美国第35任总统。在他的就职演说中，他提到所有美国人都要活跃起来，他的名言是“不要问你的国家能为你做些什么；问问你自己能为祖国做什么贡献。”他也呼吁全世界所有国家一同打击他所说的：“人类共同的敌人：暴政、贫穷、疾病和战争。”

6. Millard Fillmore,969 Days

In Office: July 9, 1850 —March 4, 1853

在位：1850年7月9日——1853年3月4日

Served the remainder of Taylor's term. Sought the Whig nomination in 1852, but lost to Winfield Scott. Four years later, ran again (as a Know Nothing) and came in third. As president, Fillmore dealt with increasing party divisions within the Whig party; party harmony became one of his primary objectives. He tried to unite the party by pointing out the differences between the Whigs and the Democrats (by proposing tariff reforms that negatively reflected on the Democratic Party). Another primary objective of Fillmore was to preserve the Union from the intensifying slavery debate.

Taylor之后的又一位总统。1852年寻求辉格党提名，但是败给了Winfield Scott。四年后，卷土重来。作为总统，Fillmore处理辉格党的党派纷争；党派和谐成为他的首要目标。他尝试通过指出辉格党和民主党（通过计划关税改革来对民主党进行负面影响）的区别来团结党派。另一个Fillmore的主要目标就是防止协会奴隶争论激烈化。

5. Gerald Ford, 895 Days

In Office: August 9, 1974 — January 20, 1977

在位：1974年8月9日——1977年1月20日

Served the remainder of Nixon's term. Not elected for full term. In foreign policy, the Helsinki Accords marked a move toward detente in the Cold War, even as the former ally South Vietnam was invaded and conquered by North Vietnam; Ford did not intervene, but did help extract friends of the U.S. At home, the economy suffered from inflation and recession. Ford came under intense criticism for granting a preemptive pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal.

继Nixon后，Ford继位。未能完成完整任期。对于外交政策，Helsinki Accords见证了冷战趋于缓和，正如前联盟南越南被北越南入侵且占领；Ford并未干涉，但是他确实帮助了一些美国的亲密国家。而国内，经济正遭受通货膨胀和衰退。Ford在无条件赦免因“水门丑闻”而下台的前总统Richard Nixon的事件上受到了严重批评。