小心:心脏病更容易在早上发作

Heart attacks are far more dangerous in the mornings than at any other time of the day, research shows.

研究表明，早上心脏病发作比一天当中其他任何时候的更危险。

Patients struck down between 6am and midday suffer a fifth more damage to their heart muscle compared with those who have an attack later on.

患者在早上6点到正午这段时间心脏病发作对心肌的损害比晚些时候的更严重1/5。

Scientists believe the phenomenon may be due to the changes in the body’s blood pressure, hormone levels and metabolism rates that naturally occur when a person wakes up.

科学家认为该现象是由于早上起床后自然地引起体内血压，激素水平和新陈代谢率改变。

It is already well established that heart attacks are more likely to happen in the morning than other times of the day, but the latest study is the first to show that they are also more severe at this time of day.

事实已经证明心脏病发作时间更有可能出现在早上，而不是其他时候，但是此次最新研究首次表明在这个时候发作更严重。

Scientists at the National Centre of Cardiovascular Research in Madrid, Spain, studied 811 patients who were admitted to hospital with heart attacks between 2003 and 2009.

西班牙马德里的国家心血管研究中心科学家研究了811个2003年到2009年因心脏病发作送到医院的患者。

All had suffered a type of heart attack known as an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, caused by a prolonged period of blocked blood supply.

他们都遭受ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）的心脏病发作，是由于长期血管阻塞引起的。

The researchers gauged the severity of the attacks by measuring the levels of the enzymes creatine kinase and troponin-I, which are higher the more the heart muscle has been damaged.

研究人员通过测量酵素肌酸激酶和肌钙蛋白I的含量判定心脏病的严重程度，如果这些含量越高，就会有更多的心肌被破坏。

They found that damage to the heart was 21 per cent greater when the attack had occurred between 6am and midday.

他们发现，如果心脏病发作时间在早上6点到正午之间，心脏的破坏会高出21%。

The results of the study, published in the medical journal Heart, also revealed that 269 patients had their heart attack in the 6am to noon period, followed by 240 patients who had their attack between noon and 6pm, 161 during the 6pm to midnight period, and 141 between midnight and 6am.

研究结果发表在医学杂志《心脏》上，同样显示，在早上6点到中午这段时间心脏病发作的患者有269人，接下来是在中午到下午6点这段时间的是240人，在下午6点到半夜12点的有161人和在半夜12点到早上6点的141人。

Doctors cannot yet explain why heart attacks appear to be more severe in the morning, but they believe it may be caused by natural changes in the body that occur over a 24-hour period.

医生还不能解释为什么早上心脏病发作会更严重，但是他们相信这是由体内在24小时里自然改变引起的。

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For example, blood pressure is at its highest in the morning and lowest at night, during sleep. Hormones such as cortisol, which increases blood sugar levels, are also in higher concentration in the morning. The body’s metabolism increases when we wake up, but at night it is comparatively slow.

例如，血压在早上时最高，而晚上睡觉时最低。激素如皮质醇，增加血糖水平，同样在早上浓度更高。早晨起床时体内的新陈代谢加速，但是晚上就相对较低。

The trend could also be explained by the fact some people suffering chest pain at night may try to wait until morning before getting help.

这种趋势也可以解释人们在晚上感到胸痛可能等到早上才去看病的事实。

Judy O’Sullivan, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: ‘This study provides some interesting observations. However further research is needed.

英国心脏基金会高级心脏护士Judy O’Sullivan说：“这个研究提供了一些有趣的观察结果。然而需要进一步的研究。”

‘Regardless of the time of day, the quicker someone having a heart attack is treated, the less the damage they will have, which is why it is essential that anyone who experiences heart attack symptoms should call 999 immediately.’

“无论什么时候，当病人心脏病发作时越快治疗，伤害就越少，这就是为什么有人心脏病发作必须马上拨打999。”

There is already compelling evidence that heart attacks are more common in the morning. In 2008 researchers in Cincinnati claimed the risk was four times as high compared with other times of the day.

已经有更加令人信服的证据证明心脏病发作在早上比较常见。2008年研究人员在辛辛那提大学称早上病发的风险是一天中的其他时间的4倍。