“过劳”被世卫组织列入疾病分类 你身边有这样的“病人” 吗？

世界卫生组织将“过劳”列入新版《国际疾病分类》。从今往后，“过劳”也将成为一种疾病。最新版分类将于2022年生效，它将为医疗服务提供者和保险公司认定、治疗和承保“过劳”症状提供依据。

Burn-out is a phrase you might’ve heard banded around over the years to describe feeling physically and emotionally run down.

多年来你可能一直听到人们用“精疲力尽”这个词来形容身体和情感上的疲惫。

While some could’ve been tempted to dismiss burn-out as millennial jargon, it has now been added to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, meaning that it will become a globally-recognized medical condition as of 2022.

一些人可能会忍不住把“精疲力尽”当作千禧一代的流行词汇而不予理会，而如今它已被列入世界卫生组织《国际疾病分类》，这意味着从2022年起，“过劳”将成为一种被全球承认的疾病。

The WHO defines burn-out as “chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed”.

根据世界卫生组织的定义，过劳指“未得到妥善应对的长期工作压力”。

It characterizes the condition with the following symptoms: feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one’s job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one’s job; and reduced professional efficacy.

它表现出的症状特征为：感觉精力耗尽或精疲力尽；与工作的心理距离增加，与工作有关的消极或愤世嫉俗的情绪；职业效能降低。

cynicism ['sɪnɪsɪz(ə)m]：n.玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗

The WHO only refers to such feelings within work environments and clarifies that burn-out should not be applied to describe symptoms caused by other life situations.

世界卫生组织此番归类仅仅指向工作环境中产生的上述感觉，并阐明不应该用“过劳”来描述由其他生活状况引起的症状。

A spokesperson for the WHO told Agence Presse France on Monday that it’s the “first time” burn-out has been classified as a medical condition by any official health body.

本周一（5月27日），世界卫生组织的一位发言人对法新社表示，这是官方健康机构“首次”将过劳列为一种疾病。

The phrase “burn-out syndrome” is credited to German-born psychologist Herbert Freudenberger, who used the term in a 1974 study of the condition.

德国出生的心理学家赫伯特·弗罗伊登伯格在1974年对这种情况的研究中首次使用了“疲劳综合征”这个表达。

Freudenberger analyzed the phenomenon after he observed it in some of his colleagues, who described themselves as being “burnt out” and later also experienced it himself.

弗罗伊登伯在他的一些同事身上观察到这种现象后进行了分析。他的一些同事称自己“精力耗尽”，后来他本人也经历了这种情况。

The psychologist described the state of being burnt out as “becoming exhausted by making excessive demands on energy, strength, or resources”.

这位心理学家将“过劳”的状态描述为“对能量、力量或资源的过度需求使人精疲力竭。”

In January 2019, a Buzzfeed article titled How Millennials Became the Burnout Generation went viral. Writer Anne Helen Peterson was praised for accurately describing how and why the condition is impacting people aged 18 to 34 and in some cases rendering them emotionally and physically paralyzed.

2019年1月，Buzzfeed网站上一篇题为《千禧一代如何成为过劳一代》的文章走红。作家安妮·海伦·彼得森在文章中准确描述了这种疾病影响18岁至34岁人群的方式及原因，以及在某些情况下使他们在情感和身体上精疲力竭的原因，并因此受到称赞。

However, unlike the WHO, Peterson recognizes burn-out in areas outside of the workplace, writing: “Burnout and the behaviors and weight that accompany it aren’t, in fact, something we can cure by going on vacation.

然而，与世界卫生组织的意见不同，彼得森也承认人们在工作场合之外的“过劳”状况。她写道：“事实上，过劳以及伴随而来的行为和体重影响并不是我们可以通过度假来治愈的。”

“It’s not limited to workers in acutely high-stress environments. And it’s not a temporary affliction: It’s the millennial condition. It’s our base temperature. It’s our background music. It’s the way things are. It’s our lives.”

“这并不局限于处于强烈高压环境中的职场人士。这不是暂时的痛苦：这是千禧一代的情况。这是我们所处的基本温度，听到的背景音乐。事情就是这样，这就是我们的生活。”