过去完成时的用法

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　　与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。

　　(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。

　　如：By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.

　　到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。

　　He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。

　　We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.

　　我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

　　(2)表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。

　　She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。

　　He said he had taught in the university since 1957.他说自从1957年他就在这所大学任教。

　　(3)叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。

　　I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.

　　对于此事我一无所知，因为我已离开6个月了。

　　Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.

　　有些人跑上了街，他们听到很响的嘈杂声。