美国务院提议减少来非洲、中东国家难民比例

The U.S. State Department is proposing that the United States receive proportionally fewer refugees from Africa and the Middle East in the coming year than it planned to last year, in favor of an increase in refugees from Asia and Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, according to data obtained from the agency.

The regional shifts are part of a proposal that would reduce the number of refugees allowed into the country for Fiscal Year 2019 to 30,000, a record low for the program.

As it stands, the proposed amounts for each region, according to the State Department, are:

Africa — 11,000, down from 19,000 in fiscal 2018.

Near East and South Asia (includes the Middle East) — 9,000, down from 17,500.

East Asia — 4,000, down from 5,000.

Europe — 3,000, up from 2,000.

Latin America and the Caribbean — 3,000, up from 1,500.

The proposed ceiling marks an upper threshold — not a goal. With about a week left in the fiscal year, fewer than 22,000 of a proposed 45,000 refugees had been admitted into the country, according to State Department data.

Moreover, regional allocations don't always align with reality. For example, last year, the president mandated that 42 percent of refugees come from Africa. As of Sept. 21, that figure was 46 percent.

Another region that exceeded its intended allocation: Europe, where a surge in Ukrainian refugees accounted for part of the jump from a proposed 4 percent of refugees to a reality of 16 percent.

The difference in refugee arrivals from the Middle East in the last year was the starkest. The administration capped the number at 39 percent — 17,500 Middle Eastern refugees of the 45,000 total; to date for FY2018, it has admitted 3,756 from the Middle East, or about 17 percent.

美国国务院的数据显示，国务院提议缩减未来一年接收来自非洲和中东的难民人数比例，增加来自亚洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的难民人数比例。

这一根据区域进行的转变是提案的一部分，该提案将2019财年允许进入美国的难民人数减少到30,000人，创下最低纪录。

目前，国务院的数据显示拟接收的每个地区难民人数为：

非洲 - 11,000人，低于2018财年的19,000人；

近东和南亚（包括中东）- 9,000人，低于2018年的17,500人；

东亚 - 4,000人，低于2018年的5,000人；

欧洲 - 3,000人，高于2018年的2,000人；

拉丁美洲和加勒比地区 - 3,000人，高于2018年的1,500人。

提议的上限是人数额度，而非目标。根据美国国务院的数据，在本财政年度还剩下大约一周的时间里，提议的45,000名难民额度中有不到22,000人被允许进入美国。

此外，难民人数的地区分配并不总是与现实相符。例如，特朗普总统去年要求42％的难民来自非洲。而截至9月21日，这个比例为46％。

另一个超出其预定比例的地区是欧洲，由于乌克兰难民激增，原定欧洲4％的额度大幅上升到现实中的16％。

去年来自中东的难民比例差异是最明显的。美国政府原将比例限制在39％，也就是总计45,000个难民名额中允许有17,500名来自中东的难民。但到目前为止，2018财年只接收了3,756名中东难民，占比17％。