【解析版】2018年高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试题

　　绝密★启用前

　　2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

　　英 语

　　（考试时间：120分钟

　　试卷满分：150分）

　　注意事项：

　　1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

　　2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

　　3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

　　第一部分　听力

　　做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

　　第一节

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　例：How much is the shirt?

　　A. £ 19. 15.

　　B. £ 9. 18.

　　C. £ 9. 15.

　　答案是 C。

　　1. What will James do tomorrow ?

　　A. Watch a TV program.

　　B. Give a talk.

　　C. Write a report.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　2. What can we say about the woman?

　　A. She's generour.

　　B. She's curious.

　　C. She's helpful.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　3. When does the traif leave?P.com

　　A. At 6:30.

　　B. At8:30.

　　C. At 10:30.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　4. How does the wonar sRwr?m

　　A. By car.

　　B. On foot.

　　C. By bike

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

　　A. Classmates.

　　B. Teacher and student.

　　C. Doctor and patient.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　第二节

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6段材料，完成下面小题。

　　6. What does the woman regret?

　　A. Giving up her research.

　　B. Dropping out of college.

　　C. Changiny her major.

　　7. What is the woman interested in studying now?

　　A. Ecology.

　　B. Education.

　　C. Chemistry.

　　【答案】6. B

　　7. A

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　6. 此为听力题，解析略

　　7. 此为听力题，解析略

　　听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

　　8. What is the man?

　　A. A hotel manager.

　　B. A tour guide.

　　C. A taxi driver.

　　9. What is the man doing for the woman?

　　A. looking for some local foods.

　　B. Showing her around the seaside.

　　C. Offering information about a hotel.

　　【答案】8. B

　　9. C

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　8. 此为听力题，解析略

　　9. 此为听力题，解析略

　　听第8段材料，完成下面小题。

　　10. Where does the conversation probably take place?

　　A. In an office.

　　B. At home

　　C. At a restaurant.

　　11. What will the speakers do tomorow evening?

　　A. Goto a concert.

　　B. Visit a friend

　　C. work extra hours.

　　12. Who is Alice going to call?

　　A. Mike .

　　B. Joan

　　C. Catherine .

　　【答案】10. C

　　11. A

　　12. B

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　10. 此为听力题，解析略

　　11. 此为听力题，解析略

　　12. 此为听力题，解析略

　　听第9段材料，完成下面小题。

　　13. why does the woman meet the man?

　　A. To look at an apartment.

　　B. To deliver some furniture.

　　C. To have a meal together.

　　14. What does the woman like about the carpet?

　　A. Its color.

　　B. Its design.

　　C. Its quality .

　　15. What does the man say about the kitchen?

　　A. It's a good size.

　　B. It's newly painted.

　　C. It's adequately equipped .

　　16. What will the woman probably do next?

　　A. Go downtown.

　　B. Talk with her friend.

　　C. Make payment .

　　【答案】13. A

　　14. A

　　15. C

　　16. B

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　听第10段材料，完成下面小题。

　　17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?

　　A. Movie fans .

　　B. News reporters.

　　C. College students .

　　18. When did the speaker take Engishlclasses? wwn

　　A. Before he left his hometown.

　　B. After he came to America.

　　C. When he was 15 years old.

　　19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?

　　A. He's proud.

　　B. He's sympathetic.

　　C. He's grateful .

　　20. What does the speaker mainly talk about ?

　　A. How education shaped his life.

　　B. How his language skills improved.

　　C. How he managed his business well.

　　【答案】17. C

　　18. B

　　19. C

　　20. A

　　【解析】此为听力题，解析略

　　17. 此为听力题，解析略

　　18. 此为听力题，解析略

　　19. 此为听力题，解析略

　　20. 此为听力题，解析略

　　第二部分

　　第一节

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

　　Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

　　Duration Tour

　　This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

　　Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

　　Duration:3 hours (4 miles)

　　Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

　　Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

　　Duration:3 hours

　　Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.z.xxk

　　Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

　　Duration:3 hours(7miles)

　　Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

　　21. Whichtour do you need to book in advance?

　　A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.

　　B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

　　C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,

　　D. C.

　　22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

　　A. Meet famous people.

　　B. Go to a national park.

　　C. Visit well-known museums.

　　D. Enjoy interesting stories.

　　23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

　　A. City maps.

　　B. Cameras.

　　C. Meals

　　D. Safety lights

　　【答案】21. A

　　22. D

　　23. D

　　【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。

　　21. 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。

　　22. 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。

　　23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。

　　点睛：本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。in advance意为：提前。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。

　　B

　　Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

　　In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.

　　"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "

　　The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.

　　With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.

　　24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?

　　A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

　　B. She has started a new programme.

　　C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

　　D. She has had a light budget for her family.

　　25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?

　　A. He buys cooking materials for her.

　　B. He prepares food for her kids.

　　C. He assists her in cooking matters.

　　D. He invites guest families for her.

　　26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?

　　A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

　　B. Provide some advice for the readers.

　　C. Add some background information.

　　D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.

　　27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

　　B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

　　C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef

　　D. Cooking Well for Less

　　【答案】24. B

　　25. C

　　26. C

　　27. D

　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。

　　24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。

　　25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。

　　26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。

　　27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。

　　点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。

　　C

　　Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

　　Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

　　At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xk

　　Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

　　28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?

　　A. They developed very fast.

　　B. They were large in number.

　　C. They had similar patters.

　　D. They were closely connected

　　29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？

　　A. Complex.

　　B. Advanced.

　　C. Powerful.

　　D. Modem.

　　30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?

　　A. About 6 800

　　B. About 3 400

　　C. About 2.400

　　D. About 1-200

　　31. What is the min idea of the text?

　　A. New languages will be created.

　　B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages

　　C. Human development results in fewer languages

　　D. Geography determines language evolution.

　　【答案】28. B

　　29. C

　　30. B

　　31. C

　　【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。

　　28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。

　　29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。

　　30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。

　　31. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。

　　点睛：长难句解读

　　In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

　　分析：and连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语，all和前面的名词短语是同位语。

　　句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。

　　D

　　We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

　　To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

　　As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

　　So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

　　32. What does the author think of new devices?

　　A. They are environment-friendly.

　　B. They are no better than the old.

　　C. They cost more to use at home.

　　D. They go out of style quickly.

　　33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

　　A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

　　B. To test the life cycle of a product.

　　C. To update consumers on new technology.

　　D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

　　34. Which of the following uses the least energy?

　　A. The box-set TV.

　　B. The tablet.

　　C. The LCD TV.

　　D. The desktop computer.

　　35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

　　A. Stop using them.

　　B. Take them apart.

　　C. Upgrade them.

　　D. Recycle them.

　　【答案】32. A

　　33. D

　　34. B

　　35. A

　　【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。

　　32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。

　　33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life

　　可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。

　　34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。

　　35. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。

　　点睛：熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型：

　　1. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things

　　做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害，浪费钱财。

　　2. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

　　根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备，它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是1992到2007window的两倍还多。

　　3. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。

　　第二节

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

　　Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

　　____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .

　　Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

　　The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.

　　A. While all of them are useful

　　B. Whatever you’re looking for

　　C. If you’re experimenting with a color

　　D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

　　E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

　　F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

　　G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

　　【答案】36. B

　　37. A

　　38. D

　　39. G

　　40. F

　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。

　　36. 36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。

　　37. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。

　　38. 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。

　　39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。

　　40. 前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。

　　点睛：关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

　　37题A选项中的them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的they 指代内容相同。

　　38题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择，本段详细介绍第一种small color choice.选项和语段中都有关键词small color choice。

　　39题本段主要内容是medium color choice, 前半句承接上文中medium是small的升级，后半句引出下文的两种方式。关键词：two major ways和…and …。

　　第三部分　语言知识运用

　　第一节

　　完形填空

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I___41___the idea of taking the class because ，after all ,who doesn't want to___42___a few dollars?More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren’t___43___enough about free credits,news about our___44___was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,which___45___I would be learning from one of the game's___46___.I could hardly wait to___47___him.

　　Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this___48___was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it___49___that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to___50___the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to___51___what we would learn in class to our future professions and,___52___,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that___53___and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the___54___.

　　Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he___55___me:“The absolute most important___56___that you learn when you play chess is how to make good___57___.On every single move you have

　　to___58___a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and___59___the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my___60___as a journalist.

　　41. A. put forward

　　B. jumped at

　　C. tried

　　out

　　D. turned down

　　42. A. waste

　　B. earn

　　C. save

　　D. pay

　　43. A. excited

　　B. worried

　　C. moved

　　D. tired

　　44. A. title

　　B. competitor

　　C. textbook

　　D. instructor

　　45. A. urged

　　B. demanded

　　C. held

　　D. meant

　　46. A. fastest

　　B. easiest

　　C. best

　　D. rarest

　　47. A. interview

　　B. meet

　　C. challenge

　　D. beat

　　48. A. chance

　　B. qualification

　　C. honor

　　D. job

　　49. A. real

　　B. perfect

　　C. clear

　　D. possible

　　50. A. attend

　　B. pass

　　C. skip

　　D. observe

　　51. A. add

　　B. expose

　　C. apply

　　D. compare

　　52. A. eventually

　　B. naturally

　　C. directly

　　D. normally

　　53. A. game

　　B. presentation

　　C. course

　　D. experiment

　　54. A. criterion

　　B. classroom

　　C. department

　　D. situation

　　55. A. taught

　　B. wrote

　　C. questioned

　　D. promised

　　56. A. fact

　　B. step

　　C. manner

　　D. skill

　　57. A. grades

　　B. decisions

　　C. impressions

　　D. comments

　　58. A. analyze

　　B. describe

　　C. rebuild

　　D. control

　　59. A. announce

　　B. signal

　　C. block

　　D. evaluate

　　60. A. role

　　B. desire

　　C. concern

　　D. behavior

　　【答案】41. B

　　42. C

　　43. A

　　44. D

　　45. D

　　46. C

　　47. B

　　48. D

　　49. C

　　50. B

　　51. C

　　52. A

　　53. C

　　54. B

　　55. A

　　56. D

　　57. B

　　58. A

　　59. D

　　60. A

　　【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。

　　41. 考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. put forward提出；B. jumped at急于接收；C. tried out尝试；D. turned down拒绝。故选B。

　　42. 考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. waste浪费；B. earn赚钱；C. save节省；D. pay付钱。故选C。

　　43. 考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A. excited激动的；兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. tired劳累的。故选A。

　　44. 考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title头衔；题目；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor导师。故选D。

　　45. 考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. urged督促；B. demanded要求；C. held握住；D. meant意味着。故选D。

　　46. 考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. fastest最快的；B. easiest最容易的；C. best最好的；D. rarest最稀少的。故选C。

　　47. 考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。A. interview面试；B. meet见面；C. challenge挑战；D. beat击败。故选B。

　　48. 考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A. chance机会；B. qualification合格；C. honor荣誉；D. job工作。故选D。

　　49. 考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A. real真实的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possible可能的。故选C。

　　50. 考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。A. attend参加；B. pass通过；C. skip跳跃；D. observe遵守。故选B。

　　51. 考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……

　　52. 考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A. eventually最终；B. naturally自然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。故选A。

　　53. 考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。A. game游戏；B. presentation介绍；陈述；C. course课程；D. experiment实验。故选C。

　　54. 考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。A. criterion标准；B. classroom教室；C. department部门；系；D. situation情况。故选B。

　　55. 考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。A. taught教；B. wrote写；C. questioned提问；D. promised承诺。故选A。

　　56. 考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. fact事实；B. step步；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。故选D。

　　57. 考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. grades等级；B. decisions决定；C. impressions印象；D. comments评论。故选B。

　　58. 考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。故选A。

　　59. 考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。A. announce宣布；B. signal发信号；C. block阻塞；D. evaluate评估。故选D。

　　60. 考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名资讯记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A. role角色；B. desire欲望；要求；C. concern涉及，关系到；D. behavior行为。故选A。

　　点睛：高考复习时，注意熟词生意的短语是很重要的。本文的中的jump at意为：急于接收。此处jump是一个熟词，但这个短语的意思学生比较陌生，这样就会导致学生不知道意思而束手无策。

　　第二节

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running.While running

　　regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2017___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).

　　The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…

　　it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.

　　【答案】61. longer

　　62. to see

　　63. dying

　　64. is

　　65. than

　　66. that which

　　67. causes

　　68. strength

　　69. energetic

　　70. it running

　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。

　　61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。

　　62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

　　63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

　　64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。

　　65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。

　　66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

　　67. 考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。

　　68. 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。

　　69. 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。

　　70. 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。

　　点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。

　　第四部分

　　写作

　　第一节

　　短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。

　　删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　(2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。

　　71. During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also Iwent here again,they had a big separnte house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond,which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

　　【答案】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I

　　a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and

　　animals. Last winter when I went

　　again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond

　　they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by

　　the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return

　　every two years, he agreed.

　　【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。

　　1. countryside前加the

　　考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

　　2. find改成found

　　考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。

　　3. another改成other

　　考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。

　　4. here改成there

　　考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。

　　5. chicken改成chickens

　　考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。

　　7. sell改成selling

　　考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。

　　8. happily改成happy

　　考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。

　　9. 删除for

　　考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。

　　10. but改成and

　　考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。

　　点睛：本文中第9处改错是学生容易忽视的考点。时间名词有every，each，last，this，that等词修饰时，其前不用介词。

　　例：We are going to fish this morning.

　　I finished the course last winter holiday.

　　第二节

　　书面表达

　　72. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：

　　(1).到达时间；

　　(2).合适的礼物；

　　【答案】略

　　【解析】本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点：一、内容要点要齐全1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时；三、人称：二、三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。

　　点睛：本文虽然看起来比较容易，但学生真正动起笔来，还是比较困惑的。原因为：1.看起来中国餐桌礼仪很熟悉，但内容很多，一时间不知道该写什么；2.100单词左右，写出到达时间；合适的礼物；餐桌礼仪三个内容，信息量大，选择有困难；

　　应对方法：近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。高起点题目很高，中国文化，中国故事，中国礼仪等等，但最终都把它们落在应用文的框架里，这就是低落点。写这样的作文，一定要注意不能写过于具体的内容，要找最重要的，最熟悉的写，不要面面俱到，中国餐桌礼仪内容太多，100单词无法写。找重点，以点带面。但选择重要内容本身就是一种能力。