(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮专题复习练习：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第4课时

　　题组一　体验真题

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：说明文　话题：项目介绍　词数：300　时间：6′

　　(2017·新课标全国卷，C)Salvador Dali (1904－1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.

　　The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

　　The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum­theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.

　　The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.

　　【语篇解读】　这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品the world of Dali中的展品情况。

　　1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?

　　A．Optimistic.

　　B．Productive.

　　C．Generous.

　　D．Traditional.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“...with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。]

　　2．What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be?

　　A．One of his masterworks.

　　B．A successful screen adaptation.

　　C．An artistic creation for the stage.

　　D．One of the best TV programmes.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段“...the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。]

　　3．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?

　　A．By popularity.

　　B．By importance.

　　C．By size and shape.

　　D．By time and subject.

　　答案　D　[事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“...follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。]

　　4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A．Artworks.

　　B．Projects.

　　C．Donations.

　　D．Documents.

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：享受生活　词数：330　时间：7′

　　(2017·四川卷，B)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.

　　And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell，Dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter.

　　As the vegetables started coming in，Dad threw himself into cooking.One day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜)．Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally，Dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out.

　　Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!

　　Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn't look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didn't offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。

　　5．Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin's chicken house regularly?

　　A．To earn some money for the family.

　　B．To collect manure for his crops.

　　C．To get rid of the terrible smell.

　　D．To set a good example to us.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．可知是为了收集肥料。]

　　6．What can we infer about Dad's stew?

　　A．It is popular among the neighbors.

　　B．It contains honey and vegetables.

　　C．It looks very wonderful.

　　D．It tastes quite delicious.

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。]

　　7．What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．To attract.

　　B．To upset.

　　C．To air.

　　D．To shut.

　　答案　B　[词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。]

　　8．What can we learn about Dad from the text?

　　A．He is an experienced cook.

　　B.He is a troublesome father.

　　C．He has a positive attitude to life.

　　D．He suffers a lot from his disability.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：说明文　话题：环境与自然　词298　时间：6′

　　(2017·新课标全国卷，B)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

　　It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

　　Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing．Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

　　By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.

　　In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1，1914.

　　【语篇解读】　本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

　　9．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________．

　　A．were the biggest bird in the world

　　B．lived mainly in the south of America

　　C．did great harm to the natural environment

　　D．were the largest bird population in the US

　　答案　D　[事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。]

　　10．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________．

　　A．escape

　　B．ruin

　　C．liberation

　　D．evolution

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。]

　　11．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

　　A．To seek pleasure.

　　B．To save other birds.

　　C．To make money.

　　D．To protect crops.

　　答案　C　[事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知C。]

　　12．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

　　A．It was ignored by the public.

　　B．It was declared too late.

　　C．It was unfair.

　　D．It was strict.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。]

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：社会生活　词数：251　时间：5′

　　(2017·重庆卷，D)One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.We sounded like a forest fire－crackling，snapping，trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again－the tell­tale call of a spotted deer.

　　I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadows­within­shadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach，the forest was silent.

　　Gradually，the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck；there was a soft part，free of wrinkles and hairs，behind her ear.

　　This was my fourth time to__sense__the__aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处)，a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a zoo.After all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。

　　13．Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?

　　A．The elephant stopped.

　　B．A spotted deer called.

　　C．The elephant seized a branch.

　　D．The forest was silent for a while.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐的警报声来自一只梅花鹿，故选B。]

　　14．The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________.

　　A.describing various sounds

　　B．comparing different animals

　　C．listing different activities

　　D．introducing various plants

　　答案　A　[写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音，因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的，应选A。]

　　15．What does the underlined part“to sense the aura”most probably mean?

　　A．To see the diversity.

　　B．To enjoy the scenery.

　　C．To feel the atmosphere.

　　D．To experience the freedom.

　　答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音，之后森林回归平静，逐渐地我们的紧张也消失不见了，大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎，但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围，故选C。]

　　16．How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?

　　A．Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.

　　B．It is very time­consuming to travel in Corbett.

　　C．It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.

　　D．The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知，D。]

　　Passage

　　5

　　体裁：说明文　话题：科普知识　词数：237　时间：6′

　　(2017·四川卷，D)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes；it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣)．Obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.

　　All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报)systems，this governs the sleep/ wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents，which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep.

　　This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule，and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as“early birds”－the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students，for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.

　　【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。每个人都有属于自己的生物钟。研究发现：由于某些人的睡眠周期不能与日常事务很好地协调，从而造成睡眠紊乱。有相当一部分人成了半夜不睡觉早晨起不了床的“夜猫子”。

　　17．What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?

　　A．Many students are absent from class.

　　B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings.

　　C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.

　　D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.

　　答案　C　[细节理解C项正确。]

　　18．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?

　　A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.

　　B．Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.

　　C．One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.

　　D．Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据“Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...”一句可知答案为D。]

　　19. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”？

　　A．Criticised.

　　B．Grouped.

　　C．Organised.

　　D．Named.

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子的意思是“研究结果表明大约有20%的人可以划分到‘夜猫子’这一类，10%的人可以划分到‘早起的鸟儿’这一类”。因为将其归为“夜猫子”和“早起的鸟儿”，所以本词与classify“归类，分类”一词意思最为接近。]

　　20．What does the text mainly talk about?

　　A．Functions of the body clock.

　　B．The“night owl”phenomenon.

　　C．Human beings' sleep behaviour.

　　D．The school schedule of“early birds”．

　　答案　B　[主旨大意题。短文开篇就描述了“夜猫子”现B。]

　　题组二　尝试模拟

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：议论文　话题：儿童肥胖　词数：287　时间：6′

　　(2017·陕西咸阳一模，B)With the development of society，the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before.However，every coin has two sides.Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the statistics.I feel there are a number of reasons for this.

　　Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown­ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take­away food.

　　There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree to this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives.

　　There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣)，but it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.

　　The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.

　　【语篇解读】　本文为议论文。题材为儿童肥胖问题。本文作者阐述了造成儿童肥胖问题的原因并提出了解决问题的方法。

　　1．What is suggested by the author to deal with “overweight”？

　　A．Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.

　　B．Asking young children to walk to school every day.

　　C．Living an active life and removing bad eating habits.

　　D．Not watching TV or playing computer games after school.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者对于肥胖所给出的建议是：鼓励年轻人要更活跃，并指导他们改掉一些不好的饮食习惯，故答案为C项。]

　　2．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。第一段是中心段，提出了儿童肥胖问题；第二至四段分

　　3．The author writes the passage to ________．

　　A．show people a social problemB．provide facts for government

　　C．advise solutions to a problemD．compare opinions with people

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。作C项。]

　　4．The underlined word “diversified” in the first paragraph most

　　probably means ________．

　　A．various

　　B．difficult

　　C．expensive

　　D．available

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。A项。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：人物传记　词数：306　时间：6′

　　(2017·山东青岛高三一模)Historians usually just study great things that happened in the

　　past time，but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11，2007，Faust was named president of Harvard University.She is the first

　　woman to hold the position in the school's 371­year history.“I am a

　　historian，” she said.“I've spent a lot of time thinking about the

　　past，and about how it shapes the future.No university in the country，perhaps the world，has as remarkable a past as Harvard has.”

　　“And our common enterprise is to make Harvard's future even more remarkable than its past.That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well.It will also mean recognizing what we

　　don't do as well as we should，and not being satisfied until we find

　　ways to do better.”

　　It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out

　　new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by

　　men.“This is a man's world，my girl，and the sooner you learn that，the better off you'll be.” Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her

　　this when she was young，but she didn't buy it.

　　Faust grew up in a well­off family in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s.Even then，she was a trailblazer(先驱)．A conversation with her family's black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her

　　to write a letter，on school notebook paper，to President Dwight Eisenhower.She asked that he help bring US citizens together in the south，a much divided part of the country at the time.“Drew Faust is a historian with her eyes on the future，” said Susan Graham，a professor of Harvard.Many of the university's schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust.

　　【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文。题材为人物传记。历史学家经常研究过去发生的重大事件，但历史学家德鲁·福斯特却创造了历史，她成为了哈佛大学371年历史中的第一位女校长。此外在管理哈佛大学方面，她还有自己独特的理念。

　　5．Why does the writer say Drew Faust has made history?

　　A．Because she is a historian.

　　B．Because she was president of Harvard University.

　　C．Because she was the first woman to be president of Harvard University.

　　D．Because Harvard has a remarkable past.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。第一段首句作者提到德鲁·福斯特创造了历史2007年2月11日，她被任命为哈佛大学的校长并且是在哈佛371年历史中第一位女校长，故答案为C项。]

　　6．What do we know about historians?

　　A．They usually study great things that happened in the past.

　　B．They are usually presidents of universities.

　　C．They are usually born in well­off families.

　　D．They are usually women.

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time”可知本题答案为A项。]

　　7．What does the underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph mean?

　　A．Accept.

　　B．Expect.

　　C．Purchase.

　　D．Afford.

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据上句德鲁的母亲劝告女儿的话，再结合德鲁以后的成就可推知，德鲁并没有接受母亲的劝告。故答案为A项。]

　　8．What did her mother mean by saying “This is a man's world，my

　　girl...”？

　　A．To encourage her to do a man's work.

　　B．To tell her to do things as a girl should do.

　　C．To ask her to be well­off.

　　D．To expect her to be a historian.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。从下文德鲁并没有接受母亲的劝告可知母亲当时在告诉女儿不应该做男人做的事情，应该做女孩儿应该做的事情。故答案为B项。]

　　9．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A．Faust was born in the north of the US.

　　B．She wrote a letter to President Eisenhower when she became president of Harvard.

　　C．Faust's desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas have given her success.

　　D．Historians just care about great things that happened in the past.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out

　　new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by

　　men.”可知答案为C项；文章并未提及德鲁的出生地点，故排除A项；根据第四段可知德鲁给德怀特·艾森豪威尔写信的时间是二十世纪五十年代，并非是她任哈佛大学校长之后，故排除B项。根据第一段可知作为历史学家的德鲁不仅关注过去发生的大事，还关注过去的事情对将来的影响，故排除D项。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：说明文　话题：电梯文化　词数：526　时间：8.5′

　　(2017·贵州六校联盟高三第一次联考，B)You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride.Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.But Lee Gray，PhD，of the University of North Carolina，US，has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He is known as the “Elevator Guy”．

　　“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的)，” Gray told the BBC.“They (elevators) are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”

　　We walk in and usually turn around to face the door.If someone else comes in，we may have to move.And here，according to Gray，lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements.He told the BBC what he had observed.

　　He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you want—it's your own little box.

　　If there are two of you，you go into different corners，standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.

　　When a third person enters，you will unconsciously form a triangle.And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square，with someone in every corner.A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.

　　New entrants to the lift will need to size__up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively.Once in，for most people the rule is simple，look down，or look at your phone.

　　Why are we so awkward in lifts?

　　“You don't have enough space，”Professor Babette Renneberg，a clinical psychologist at the Free University of

　　Berlin，told the BBC.“Usually when we meet other people we

　　have about an arm's length of distance between us.And that's

　　not possible in most elevators.”

　　In such a small，enclosed space it becomes very important to

　　act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or

　　odd.“The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact，” she

　　said.

　　【语篇解读】　小小电梯是一个小社会，里面的人们的举止通常有各种特点和

　　10．The main purpose of the article is to ________．

　　A．remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator

　　B．tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette

　　C．share an interesting but awkward elevator ride

　　D．analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator

　　答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章介绍了电梯里的礼貌举止，中间部分特别介绍了电梯里的行为规则，故B项的意思概括了文章的主旨大意。]

　　11．According to Gray，when people enter an elevator，they usually ________．

　　A．turn around and greet one another

　　B．look around or examine their phone

　　C．make eye contact with those in the elevator

　　D．try to keep a distance from other people

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“Once in，for most people the rule is simple，look down，or look at your phone.”可知，人们是习惯于与对方保持一定距离的，只是在电梯中无法做到。]

　　12．Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?

　　10．The main purpose of the article is to ________．

　　A．remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator

　　B．tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette

　　C．share an interesting but awkward elevator ride

　　D．analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator

　　答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章介绍了电梯里的礼貌举止，中间部分特别介绍了电梯里的行为规则，故B项的意思概括了文章的主旨大意。]

　　11．According to Gray，when people enter an elevator，they usually ________．

　　A．turn around and greet one another

　　B．look around or examine their phone

　　C．make eye contact with those in the elevator

　　D．try to keep a distance from other people

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“Once in，for most people the rule is simple，look down，or look at your phone.”可知，人们是习惯于与对方保持一定距离的，只是在电梯中无法做到。]

　　12．Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square，with someone in every corner.”可知，当电梯里有四个人的时候，他们通常是站在四个墙角。]

　　13．The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in

　　meaning to ________．

　　A．judge

　　B．ignore

　　C．put up with

　　D．make the best of

　　答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据上面分析的电梯里人们的when the doors slide open and then act decisively”可知，该词的意思是：要进入电梯的人通常会判断电梯里的情况，然后决定自己的行为方向。]

　　【长难句分析】　He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you want—it's your own little box.他解

　　该句是复合句。从句中that引导宾语从句，该从句是复合句结构，其中when引导时间状语从句；主句中whatever引导宾语从句，破折号起解释说明的作用。

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：家庭、朋友与周围的人　词数：378 时间：8′

　　(2017·广东省四校联考调研)I

　　had the most merciless mother in the whole world.

　　While other kids ate candy for breakfast，I had to have cereal (谷类食品)，eggs or toast.While others had cokes and candy for lunch，I had to eat a sandwich.As you can guess，my supper was different from the other kids' too.But at least，I wasn't alone in my sufferings.My sister and two brothers had the same merciless mother as I did.

　　My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times.She had to know who our friends were and where we were going.She insisted if we said we'd be gone an hour，that we be gone one hour or less—not one hour and one minute.We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day.The other kids always wore their clothes for days.We reached the height of insults (侮辱) because she made our clothes herself，just to save money.We had to be in bed by nine each night and up at eight the next morning.We couldn't sleep till noon like our friends.So while they slept—my mother actually had the nerve to break the Child Labor Law.She made us work.We had to wash dishes，make beds，learn to cook and do all sorts of cruel things.I believed she lay awake at night thinking out mean things for us to do.Through the years，things didn't improve a bit.We__could__not__lie__in__bed，“sick”__like__our__friends__didand miss school.Our marks in school had to be up to par (达到标准).

　　My mother was a complete “failure” as a mother: out of four children，a couple of us attained higher education.None of us have ever been arrested or divorced.Each of my brothers served his time in the service of this country.She forced us to grow up into God­fearing，educated，honest adults.Using this as a background，I am now trying to raise my three children.I am filled with pride when my children call me merciless.

　　Why? Because now I thank God for giving me the most merciless mother in the world.

　　【语篇解读】　本文作者以反语的口吻，围绕“母亲是最无情的”这一论点展开论述，接着从各方面进行论证，最后总结：感谢上帝赐予我这位世界上最无情的母亲。

　　14．What did the author have to have for lunch when young?

　　A．Sandwiches.

　　B．Eggs and toast.

　　C．Cokes and candy.

　　D．Cereal，eggs and toast.

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中While others had cokes and candy for lunch，I had to eat a sandwich.可知。]

　　15．What made the author dislike his mother

　　most?

　　A．That he had to work.

　　B．That he had to eat what she ordered him to.

　　C．That he couldn't sleep till noon like his friends.

　　D．That he had to wear clothes made by her mother.

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段We reached the height of insults(侮辱) because she made our clothes herself...可以推出。]

　　16．What does the underlined part in Para.3 indicate?

　　A．Our friends often felt sick.

　　B．Our friends were often sick.

　　C．Our friends liked to be sick.

　　D．Our friends often pretended to be sick.

　　答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据前后内容以及引号(表示反语)可知。]

　　17．Which of the following CAN'T be used to describe the author's mother?

　　A．Strict.

　　B．Merciless.

　　C．Economical.

　　D．Hardworking.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。表面上作者说母亲最无情，其实作者完全是以赞同的口气讲述母亲过去所做的事情。]

　　18．What's the best title for this passage?

　　A．I Hate My Mother

　　B．My Hard Childhood

　　C．My Most Merciless Mother

　　D．How I Became Successful

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。本文作者主要回忆母亲为了将我们培养成人，对我们各方面都严格要求，从不迁就。最终我们都有所成。]

　　Passage

　　5

　　体裁：议论文　话题：个人感情　词数：340　时间：7′

　　(2017·深圳市高三一模)It's a strange phenomenon how difficult people find it to love themselves.One would think it is the easiest thing in the world，because we're constantly concerned with ourselves.We're always interested in how much we can get，how well we can perform，how comfortable we can be.So with all that，why is it so difficult to actually love oneself?

　　Loving oneself certainly doesn't mean pleasing oneself without considering others.But sadly，loving is an attitude towards oneself that most people don't have.That's because they know quite a few things in themselves are not so attractive to make them feel proud.Everybody has many attitudes，reactions，likes and dislikes which they think they would be better off without.Judgment is made and then one likes one's positive attitudes or one dislikes the others.In that case，we will ignore those aspects of oneself which one is not pleased with.One doesn't want to know about them or acknowledge them，which is the obstacle to growth.Since the weaknesses exist and cannot be rid of，one can never take pride in himself or love himself.

　　Another unskillful way is to dislike that part of oneself which appears negative.With that comes fear and very often aggression.If one wants to deal with oneself in a balanced way，it's not useful to pretend that the unpleasant part doesn't exist.We've all come across people like that，who are too sweet to be true.Blaming oneself doesn't work either，which makes matters twice as bad as they were before.In the above situations，one transfers one's own reactions to other people.One blames others for their deficiencies (不足之处)，real or imagined，or one doesn't see them as ordinary human beings.

　　Remember，everything is considered either as perfectly wonderful or absolutely abominable．We will not suffer from disappointments and we don't have to blame，because we won't live in a world where only black or white exists.Learn to love yourself and live in a real world.

　　【语篇解读】　本文论述的主题是：学会接受自己的缺点，学会爱自己。

　　19．Most people fail to love themselves because they ________．

　　A．are aware of their shortcomings

　　B．lack confidence in their strong points

　　C．can't make judgment about themselves or others

　　D．have many attitudes，reactions，likes and dislikes

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。在第二段第三句可找到答案。解题关键在于：(1)关注题干关键词(because)与文中与此相关That's because)；(2)理解原文句意，寻找与之相近的选项。原文know...not so attractive to make them feel proud与A项最贴近。]

　　20．The underlined word “them” (Para.2) refers to ________．

　　A．weaknesses

　　B．obstacles to growth

　　C．unpleasant aspects of oneself

　　D．dislikes of attitudes and reactions

　　答案　C　[词义猜测题。代词所指代的内容通常在前文中提及，与代词所在句子紧紧相连，故首先排除A、B，因为它们都是在后文才出现的。“them”所指的是上句“those aspects of oneself which one is not pleased with”，故选C。]

　　21．Someone

　　who wants thould ________．

　　A．dislike his negative part

　　B．blame himself for mistakes

　　C．hide his unpleasant part

　　D．acknowledge his weak points

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、五、三句，可排除选项A、B、C；根据第二段最后两句推断得出正确选项D。]

　　22．The underlined word “abominable”(Para.4) is closest in meaning to ________．

　　A．appealing

　　B．terrible

　　C．fantastic

　　D．doubtful

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。该类题可首先判断单词的褒贬义，缩小范围。通过下文“black and white”可得知“事物总是好坏共存的”，因此abominable与wonderful意义相反，而且是贬义B项符合文意。]

　　23．The purpose of the passage is to ________．

　　A．blame those who don't love themselves

　　B．tell us the world we are living in is a real one

　　C．encourage people to love themselves

　　D．comfort those who don't love themselves

　　19．Most people fail to love themselves because they ________．

　　A．are aware of their shortcomings

　　B．lack confidence in their strong points

　　C．can't make judgment about themselves or others

　　D．have many attitudes，reactions，likes and dislikes

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。在第二段第三句可找到答案。解题关键在于：(1)关注题干关键词(because)与文中与此相关That's because)；(2)理解原文句意，寻找与之相近的选项。原文know...not so attractive to make them feel proud与A项最贴近。]

　　20．The underlined word “them” (Para.2) refers to ________．

　　A．weaknesses

　　B．obstacles to growth

　　C．unpleasant aspects of oneself

　　D．dislikes of attitudes and reactions

　　答案　C　[词义猜测题。代词所指代的内容通常在前文中提及，与代词所在句子紧紧相连，故首先排除A、B，因为它们都是在后文才出现的。“them”所指的是上句“those aspects of oneself which one is not pleased with”，故选C。]

　　21．Someone

　　who wants to learn to

　　love himself should ________．

　　A．dislike his negative part

　　B．blame himself for mistakes

　　C．hide his unpleasant part

　　D．acknowledge his weak points

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、五、三句，可排除选项A、B、C；根据第二段最后两句推断得出正确选项D。]

　　22．The underlined word “abominable”(Para.4) is closest in meaning to ________．

　　A．appealing

　　B．terrible

　　C．fantastic

　　D．doubtful

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。该类题可首先判断单词的褒贬义，缩小范围。通过下文“black and white”可得知“事物总是好坏共存的”，因此abominable与wonderful意义相反，而且是贬义B项符合文意。]

　　23．The purpose of the passage is to ________．

　　A．blame those who don't love themselves

　　B．tell us the world we are living in is a real one

　　C．encourage people to love themselves

　　D．comfort those who don't love themselves

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。从文中最后一段，可看出作者的写作意图是鼓励人们学会爱自己。作者通过告诉大家“事情并下总有黑白、好坏两个方面”，鼓励人们不要因为自己有缺点就不敢去爱自己，这呼应了第二段中提到的“人们不敢爱自己是因为他们知道自己有缺点”。]