(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮专题复习练习：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第2课时

　　题组一　体验真题

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：说明文　话题：食品　词数：320　时间：7′

　　(2017·安徽卷，E)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.

　　Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.

　　Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.

　　Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red­colored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

　　Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.

　　【语篇解读】　该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一

　　1．According to the passage，sharing bread________．

　　A．indicates a lack of food

　　B．can help to develop unity

　　C．is a custom unique to rural areas

　　D．has its roots in birthday celebrations

　　答案　B　[考查细节理解。由第一段．..can promote unity and trust可知。]

　　2．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?

　　A．Trust.

　　B．Success.

　　C．Health.

　　D．Togetherness.

　　答案　B　[考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示)．..success in the New Year可知。]

　　3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________．

　　A．using examplesB．making comparisons

　　C．analyzing causes D．describing processes

　　答案　A　[考查推理判断。由第三段可知。]

　　4．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．The custom of sharing food.

　　B．The specific meaning of food.

　　C．The role of food in ceremonies.

　　D．The importance of food in culture.

　　答案　D　[考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：说明文　话题：艺术　词数：360　时间：8′

　　(2017·重庆卷，E)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

　　History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

　　In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

　　Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long­lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。

　　5．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?

　　A．It introduces different cultural values.

　　B．It explains the history of artistic works.

　　C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.

　　D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.

　　答案　C　[细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化C。]

　　6．In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that

　　________．

　　A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

　　B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

　　C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

　　D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

　　答案　A　[细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。]

　　7．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ________．

　　A．they are results of scientific study

　　B．they establish some general principles of art

　　C．they are created by the world's greatest artists

　　D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

　　答案　D　[细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知，选择D。]

　　8．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

　　A．Are Artistic Values Universal?

　　B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?

　　C．Is Human Nature Uniform?

　　D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：人物故事　词数：269　时间：5′

　　(2017·新课标全国卷，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

　　During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照).

　　He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

　　Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

　　My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件)．Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

　　That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。

　　9．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

　　A．Go shopping.

　　B．Find a house.

　　C．Join his family.

　　D．Take a vacation.

　　答案　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。]

　　10．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________．

　　A．a friend of his family

　　B．a Sydney policeman

　　C．a letter in his papers

　　D．a stranger in Sydney

　　答案　C　[事实细节题。根据文At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile...to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。]

　　11．What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．Showed.

　　B．Sent out.

　　C．Delivered.

　　D．Gave back.

　　答案　D　[词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。]

　　12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A．From India to Australia.

　　B．Living in a New Country.

　　C．Turning Trash to Treasure.

　　D．In Search of New Friends.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱，被一个好心的家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。]

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：说明文　话题：动物与植物　词数：330　时间：6′

　　(2017·上海卷，A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk，but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying，but they do agree that many animals，from birds to chimpanzees，behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

　　Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest，the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the“hurt” adult，leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

　　Another kind of bird，the scrub jay，buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later，unbury the food，and bury it again somewhere else.

　　Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They don't make nests.Instead，they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out，their adoptive parents feed them.

　　Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky.After a fight，the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand，too，the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.

　　Chimps are sneaky in other ways，too.When chimps find food that they love，such as bananas，it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way，other chimps don't hear them，and they don't need to share their food.

　　As children，many of us learn the saying“You can't fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her，either.

　　【语篇解读】　动物不会说话，但是它们会以其他方式说谎吗？它们会以其身体和行为表现说谎吗？动物专家认为很多动物，从鸟类到黑猩猩，有时候在行为上表现不诚实，用来欺骗其他动物。这样做常常可以帮助它们幸免于难。

　　13．A plover protects its young from a predator by ________．

　　A．getting closer to its young

　　B．driving away the adult predator

　　C．leaving its young in another nest

　　D．pretending to be injured

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。由第二段第三、四、五句可知，，它假装翅膀受伤，猎食动物紧跟着它，离开幼鸟所在的巢。故选D项。]

　　14．By“Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky”(Paragraph 5)，the author means ________．

　　A．chimps are ready to attack others

　　B．chimps are sometimes dishonest

　　C．chimps are jealous of the winners

　　D．chimps can be selfish too

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。由黑体字后面的内容可知，两只黑猩猩打架后，失败的那只会主动向获胜的那只握手言和，但动物专家曾经发现一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手后，又开始打起来。从而可推断出黑猩猩有时候是不B。]

　　15．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

　　B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.

　　C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

　　D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩有时候发现食物时

　　16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A．Do animals lie?

　　B．Does Mother Nature fool animals?

　　C．How do animals learn to lie?

　　D．How does honesty help animals survive?

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，各种不同的动物在行为上表现不诚实各有各的原因。干扰项为C：动物是如何学会撒谎的？文章内容着重点在于动物撒谎的目的而不是学习撒谎的过程。故C项可以排除。正确答案为A。]

　　Passage

　　5

　　体裁：议论文　话题：社会文化　词数：381　时间：7′

　　(2017·湖北卷，B)London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.

　　The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶)．He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.

　　The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a five­star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.

　　Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.

　　Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.

　　The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.

　　【语篇解读】　文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。

　　17．London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________．

　　A．its cost

　　B．its size

　　C．its shape

　　D．its height

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：Shard.可知答案为B。]

　　18．When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to ____________.

　　A．change London's skyline

　　B．inherit London's tradition

　　C．imitate the Egyptian style

　　D．attract potential visitors

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition可知答案为B。]

　　19．The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________．

　　A．is only preferred by the rich

　　B．is intended for wealthy people

　　C．is far away from the poor area

　　D．is popular only with Londoners

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.可知答案为B。]

　　20．Which would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．The Shard：Cheers and Claps

　　B．The Shard：Work of a Great Architect

　　C．The Shard：New Symbol of London?

　　D．The Shard：A Change for the Better?

　　答案　D　[主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑，认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。因此答案选D。]

　　题组二　尝试模拟

　　Passage

　　1

　　体裁：议论文　话题：城市化　词数：354　时间：6′

　　(2017·山东六校高三一模，E)The United Nations is warning that the world is not prepared to deal with the fast growth of cities.The World Economic and Social Survey 2017 calls for new ways to meet the needs of city populations.More than 6.5 billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2050.

　　Most new city dwellers will be in developing countries.The United Nations says the effect on limited resources in many countries will be huge.The World Economic and Social Survey points to the increasing demand for energy，water，sanitation，public services，education and health care.

　　The world population is expected to rise to more than nine billion by 2050 and，two thirds of all people are expected to live in cities.The United Nations says about 80 percent of this growing urban population will be found in Africa and Asia.

　　The report says sustainable development(可持续发展) of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues，which include land use，food security，job creation and transportation.

　　Willem Van Der Geest，who is with the United Nations

　　Department of Economic and Social Affairs，says cities need to work closely with rural communities so that food supplies can be secured，and the environment can be protected.

　　“We need enough integration(整合，融合)with cities...An integration between the rural and urban economies is absolutely vital for issues of nutrition，food security，and environmental sustainability.”

　　The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.The report also examines the problem of food insecurity，which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.One in eight people still severely lack nutrition.

　　UN officials say some things are clear.The Assistant Secretary­General for Economic Development，Shamshad Akhtar，says world food production will have to increase by 70%，that increase will be needed to feed the additional 2.3 billion people expected on the planet by the middle of the century.She says an important part of meeting that need is to waste less food.“There has to be efforts to reduce food wastage.”

　　Food and nutrition security are core elements of the sustainable development agenda.

　　【语篇　联合国发出警告说世界还没有为快速的城市化进程做好准备。2017年世界经济和社会调查报告要求我们需寻求新的方法来满足不断增长的城市人口的需要。

　　1．The survey includes the following statements except that ________．

　　A．varieties of demands are hard to meet because of the increasing population in Africa and Asia

　　B．one way to put an end to poverty is to be able to develop for a long time

　　C．transportation is an important issue to deal with when it comes to sustainable development of urban areas

　　D．hundreds of millions of people around the world are affected by the problem of food insecurity

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。首先要注意题干中的except，即本题需考生找出调查报告不包括的内容。根据第七段中“The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.”可排除B项；根据第四段的“transportation”可排除C项；根据第七段第二句“The report also examines the problem of food insecurity，which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.”可排除D项。]

　　2．From the passage we can infer that ________．

　　A．cities grow so fast that the world can't find out new ways to deal with the growing population

　　B．the growing city dwellers who mainly come from the developing countries greatly challenge limited resources in the world

　　C．sustainable development of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues

　　D．food wastage is an effective way to feed the additional 2.3 billion people by the middle of the century

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知答案为B项。A项表达的内容过于绝对，故被排除；第四段第一句为C项内容，不属于推断范畴，故被排除；根据倒数第二段可知解决食品短缺的方法是将粮食产量提高70%23亿人口的需要，而满足这一需要的一个重要部分是尽量减少对粮食的浪费，由此可见注意粮食浪费问题并不能完全解决食品短缺问题，故排除D项。]

　　3．What is the best title of the passage?

　　A．The World Economic and Social Survey 2017

　　B．City Population Will Increase to 9 Billion

　　C．Cities Need to Cooperate with Rural Areas

　　D．The World Is Not Prepared to Deal with the Fast Growth of Cities

　　答案　D　[主旨大意题。作者在第一段第一句提出了文章的主题，故答案为D项。其他选项均为文章中的其中一项内容，并不能概括文章主题，故全被排除。]

　　4．The passage is chosen from ________．

　　A．a textbook

　　B．a travel guide

　　C．a novel

　　D．a newspaper

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。文章介绍了快速的城市化进程给我们带来了很多问题，属热点问题，旨在让人们对这一问题加以重视，由此可判断本文应出自报纸，而不是课本、旅游指南或小说。]

　　Passage

　　2

　　体裁：议论文　话题：教育　词数：278　时间：5′

　　(2017·北京西城一模，D)Today，we are told that children don't spend enough time in the fresh air.Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world.They have lost touch with nature.

　　But now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgroups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some “wild time”．They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside.Activities such as building dens，climbing trees，rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do.Even if they live in a city，they can go on adventures in the garden or the park.

　　Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad.They need to be shown what to do and where to go.Andy Simpson from National Health Service says，“We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development，independence and creativity，by giving wild time a go.”

　　So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now，it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature's playground” is what modern children need.David Bond from Project Wild Thing says，“We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine，freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted”．

　　This might sound a bit old­fashioned to you or maybe，like me，it's made you think about sticking on your boots，getting outdoors and reliving your childhood.There's no age limit on enjoying yourself!

　　【语篇解读】　如今孩子们大都迷恋电视或电脑，而从事户外运动的时间越来越少，这使得他们失去了与大自然接触的机会。本文作者提出了鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。

　　5．What is the best title of the text?

　　A．Wild time for children

　　B．Benefits of wild time

　　C．More space for children

　　D．Adventures for children

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。文章开头提出现在的儿童迷恋电脑、电视而缺少足够的户外时间，然而在第二段提出“wild time”这一概念，由此展开行文。由此可见文章的中心是关于wild time的，A项最能体现文章中心，故为答案。]

　　6．Children are encouraged to do the following activities except ．

　　A．building dens

　　B．climbing trees

　　C．playing hide and seek

　　D．watching TV

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段作者提出的一些活动可知D项不是作者鼓励要做的事。]

　　7．According to Andy Simpson，we know that ________．

　　A．wild time is hard to design

　　B．wild time is beneficial for children

　　C.parents know the importance of wild time

　　D．parents like keeping their children indoors

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段Andy Simpson所说“We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development，independence and creativity，by giving wild time a go.”可知户外活动对孩子们的成长有好处，故答案为B项。]

　　8．What 's the main idea of Paragraph 4?

　　A．Modern children need wild time.

　　B．Adults value outdoor activities.

　　C．The present world is complicated.

　　D．This generation of kids have no freedom.

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。第四段开头指出“不管孩子现在成长的社会多么复杂，返璞归真以及感受大自然都是现代儿童所需要的”，然后作者又引用David Bond的话来证明wild time的必要性，由此可见A项最能体现本段的中心意思，故为答案。]

　　Passage

　　3

　　体裁：议论文　话题：空气污染　词数：335　时间：6′

　　(2017·北京东城高三一模，C)The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks

　　has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.

　　Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose (提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 a．m.Within three hours，more than 25，000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China's Twitter.

　　They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators (呼吸器)．

　　The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China's top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies' outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，high­polluting gas fuel.

　　Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan's proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car­free days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.

　　Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.

　　【语篇解读】　北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注，网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定《清洁空气法案》。

　　9．Why did Pan Shiyi start an online survey?

　　A．To investigate the public's opinions on pollution.

　　B．To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather.

　　C．To call on more people to support his proposal.

　　D．To collect supporting evidences for his proposal.

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，潘石屹发起网上调查，是因为他计划向地方政府proposal)，首先排除A、B两项；再根据常识判断，网上发起投票调查，是为了收集提议受到支持的证据，使其更具说服力，故答案选D。]

　　10．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.

　　B．Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.

　　C．Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.

　　D．Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C，雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长，尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较弱的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误；根据第D项错误。]

　　11．Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________．

　　A．suggest Beijing should learn from other countries

　　B．let people know many places have this problem

　　C．tell people the situation in Britain is worse

　　D．call on the government to pass Britain's Clean Air Act

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出，举例是建议北京向英国学习，早日制定《清洁空气法案》。]

　　12．What's the best title for this passage?

　　A．The Use of Gas Masks and Respirators

　　B．Beijingers Call for a Clean Air Act

　　C．Effective Protection for Blue Sky

　　D．The Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog

　　答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们呼吁制定《清洁空气法案》，故B项符合文章主旨。]

　　Passage

　　4

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：体育运动　词数：319　时间：6′

　　(2017·河北四校高三联考)In October 2010，I left my hometown and family in Virginia and moved to Iowa so I could be coached by Liang Chow.I'd been dreaming of an Olympic gold medal since I was eight—but gradually，that dream seemed like a million miles away.

　　On January 2，2017，while Mom was visiting me in Iowa，I told her，“I don't like gymnastics anymore.I want to try

　　dancing，or become a singer.I can get a job in Virginia.I just want to come home.”

　　Mom's eyes narrowed and her expression turned to stone.“You're breaking my heart，Brie，” she said.“You've been doing gymnastics for ten years，and now you want to quit? Have you lost your mind？”

　　I hadn't lost my mind，but I had lost my fire.It's an entirely different thing to push toward that dream when you feel alone.

　　“I'm not trying to break your heart，Mom，” I said.“I just don't want to do it anymore.”

　　“I know you miss home.But you've signed a contract that says you will represent your country to the best of your ability.You've got a responsibility to your teammates.And now you just want to walk away? I will not let you be dishonorable.If you don't like gymnastics，then at the very least，you will finish the season.”

　　The next afternoon as I dragged myself into Chow's gym，I thought of the efforts Mom had made in order to pay for my training.I thought of my two sisters：Arielle，who gave up ballroom dancing，and Joyelle，who stopped ice skating so that our single Mom could afford to keep me in gymnastics.

　　For now，here's what you need to know：Exactly 210 days before I ever attempted my first vault (跳跃) in the London Summer Olympics，my leap of faith came this close to ending in a crash of disaster.

　　【语篇解读】　作者因为想家想要放弃体操训练，但母亲的鼓励以及姐姐们的付出让她最终选择了坚持，并继续追求自己的梦想。

　　13．The author wanted to give up gymnastics because ________．

　　A．she thought she loved music more

　　B．she was overcome with homesickness

　　C．an Olympic gold was beyond her reach

　　D．the training for the Olympics was too hard

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“I just want to come home.”，第四段的“It's an entirely different thing to push toward that dream when you feel alone.”和第六段的“I

　　know you miss home.”可知，作者独在异乡，因太想家而产生了放弃的念头。]

　　14．How did the author's mother feel on hearing her words?

　　A．Heart­broken.

　　B．Sympathetic.

　　C．Helpless.

　　D．Calm.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“You're breaking my heart”可以看出，作者半途而废让母亲很伤心。]

　　15．We can infer from the passage that the author ________．

　　A．was born into an athletic family

　　B．realized her Olympic dream

　　C．changed her mind in the end

　　D．had a bad childhood

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。母亲的话让作者想起家人为她所做出的牺牲。文章最后一段“Exactly 210 days before I ever attempted my first vault (跳跃) in the London Summer Olympics”说明作者改变了最初的想法，选择了坚持。]

　　16．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．A dream come true

　　B．My leap of faith

　　C．My mother

　　D．A quitter

　　答案　B　[主旨大意题。作者最初想放弃体B项标题概括了文章的主旨并与文章最后一段的“my leap of faith came this close to ending in a crash of disaster”呼应。]

　　Passage

　　5

　　体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：关爱老人　词数：310　时间：6′

　　(2017·河南六校高三联考)A man going abroad to work leaves his young lady crying.“Don't worry，I will write to you every day，” he said.For years he did write to her.But since he was happy with his job，he had no immediate plans of going home.One day，he received a wedding invitation.His girlfriend was scheduled to be married.To whom? To the mailman bringing regularly the letters of her boyfriend! Indeed，distance does make hearts struggle.

　　While presents are important，love demands what is basic：presence of the beloved.

　　Martha was busy with her job.She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who had serious disease.She had to provide for his expensive medicine.Her brothers and sisters meanwhile stayed with their father most of the time.They bathed him，sang for him，spoon­fed him or simply kept him company.

　　One day Martha was hurt.She overheard her father telling her mother，“All our children love me except Martha.”“How can this be？”Martha thought.“Am I not the one killing myself in my work to have money to buy for his medicine？My brothers and sisters do not even provide their share in the expenses as much as I do.”

　　One night，as Martha was as usual late in going home，she peeped for the first time in the room where her father was lying.She noticed that her father was still awake.She decided to come close at his bedside.Her father held her hands and said，“I miss you.I don't have much time.Stay with me.”And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night.

　　The next morning Martha said to everyone，“I have taken a leave of absence.I would like to be with my father.I will bathe him and sing for him from now on.”Her father had a beautiful smile.He knew this time Martha loved him.

　　As children，we need the assuring presence of our loved ones.Adult people need no less.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Martha的父亲因病重需要昂贵的医药费，于是她努力赚更多的钱，但是她的父亲仍然希望她能够陪伴在身边。最终她决定放下工作全心照顾自己的父亲。文章以此来说明一个道理：陪在心爱的人身边比什么都重要。

　　17．Why did Martha work so hard?

　　A．She liked to work more than attending her father.

　　B．It was her duty to earn money for the family.

　　C．Her brothers and sisters had no jobs and could gain no money.

　　D．She had to earn money to pay for her father's medicine.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who had serious disease.She had to provide for his expensive medicine.”可知，Martha工作如此努力的原因是她不得不赚钱来支付父亲昂贵的医药费。故选D。]

　　18．Her father's words “All our children love me except Martha” showed that ________．

　　A．her father thought nothing of money

　　B．her father more valued his daughter's presence

　　C．her father understood his daughter

　　D．her father was tired of his daughter

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“Her father held her hands and said，‘I miss you.I don't have much time.Stay with me.’”可推知，Martha的父亲所说的话表明他更看重的是女儿陪伴在身边。故选B。]

　　19．How did Martha win her father's favor?

　　A．She stayed with her father and comforted him.

　　B．She refused to gain money and gave up her job.

　　C．She tried to earn as little money as possible.

　　D．She would replace her brothers and sisters.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night.”并结合倒数第二段中的“I have taken a leave of absence.I would like to be with father.I will bathe him and sing for him from now on.”可推知，Martha放下工作回到家陪伴父亲并安慰他，这样一来，她让父亲知道她也爱他。故选A。]

　　20．What's the main idea of this passage?

　　A．Distance can strengthen love.

　　B．Anyone should love father most.

　　C．Company is more important than presents.

　　D．All children must accompany their parents.

　　17．Why did Martha work so hard?

　　A．She liked to work more than attending her father.

　　B．It was her duty to earn money for the family.

　　C．Her broobs and could gain no money.

　　D．She had to earn money to pay for her father's medicine.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who had serious disease.She had to provide for his expensive medicine.”可知，Martha工作如此努力的原因是她不得不赚钱来支付父亲昂贵的医药费。故选D。]

　　18．Her father's words “All our children love me except Martha” showed that ________．

　　A．her father thought nothing of money

　　B．her father more valued his daughter's presence

　　C．her father understood his daughter

　　D．her father was tired of his daughter

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“Her father held her hands and said，‘I miss you.I don't have much time.Stay with me.’”可推知，Martha的父亲所说的话表明他更看重的是女儿陪伴在身边。故选B。]

　　19．How did Martha win her father's favor?

　　A．She stayed with her father and comforted him.

　　B．She refused to gain money and gave up her job.

　　C．She tried to earn as little money as possible.

　　D．She would replace her brothers and sisters.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night.”并结合倒数第二段中的“I have taken a leave of absence.I would like to be with father.I will bathe him and sing for him from now on.”可推知，Martha放下工作回到家陪伴父亲并安慰他，这样一来，她让父亲知道她也爱他。故选A。]

　　20．What's the main idea of this passage?

　　A．Distance can strengthen love.

　　B．Anyone should love father most.

　　C．Company is more important than presents.

　　D．All children must accompany their parents.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。根据第二段“While presents are important，love demands what is basic：presence of the beloved.”，并结合全文内容可知，本文通过这个故事想要告诉读者的是：陪伴比礼物更重要。故选C。]