2016届高考英语一轮复习(外研版)考点规范训练：必修4 Module 4　Great Scientists

　　考点规范练22(必修4　Module 4)

　　.阅读理解

　　A

　　Not all research begins with a plan.Some studies begin by accident.Meredith Schafer says that is what happened to her and Cynthia Sagers.

　　Cynthia Sagers is a biology professor at the University of Arkansas.Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.

　　They were traveling in the state of North Dakota on a project.They noticed pretty yellow flowers.

　　They recognized them as canola.Farmers grow canola for seeds to make cooking oil.

　　But the canola plants they saw were not growing in farm fields.They were growing along the road.

　　The researchers decided to test the plants.They had brought along special testing papers for the project they were working on.

　　The results showed that the weedy canola plants contained genetic changes.If a plant is genetically modified,that means its genes have been changed to produce desired qualities.

　　This summer,the researchers from Arkansas went back to North Dakota.This time they went on a road trip to find canola.They traveled more than 5 thousand kilometers.

　　What they found,they say,was the first discovery in the United States of wild canola plants with modified genes.

　　The scientists found canola plants in almost half of the places they investigated.They tested a total of 288 plants.They found that 80% of those plants contained genes from genetically engineered canola.

　　Some crop plants are modified to resist damage from the chemicals that farmers use to kill weeds.There are 2 proteins that can give canola the ability to resist 2 commonly used weed killers.One protein gives resistance against glyphosate.The other protein gives resistance against glufosinate.

　　1.Which of the following about Meredith Schafer is NOT true?

　　A.Meredith Schafer is a female.

　　B.Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.

　　C.Meredith Schafer is the first person who discovered wild canola plants with modified genes in the US.

　　D.Meredith Schafer comes from the state of North Dakota.

　　2.Why were the canola plants tested by Meredith Schafer and Cynthia Sagers growing along the road?

　　A.Because the weather there was special.

　　B.Because they were wild canola plants.

　　C.Because their genes had been changed.

　　D.Because they were planted there by farmers.

　　3.How many plants tested by the scientists contained genes from genetically engineered canola?

　　A.About 58 plants.

　　B.About 230 plants.

　　C.288 plants.

　　D.More than 5,000 plants.

　　4.Where most probably can we find this passage?

　　A.In a fashion magazine.

　　B.In a sports newspaper.

　　C.In a comic book.

　　D.In a science book.

　　B

　　Are you feeling blue?An American study suggests that being surrounded by happy friends and neighbors could have more of an effect on your happiness than money.That is the finding of researchers from Harvard University and the University of California at San Diego.

　　Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler studied the emotional health of more than four thousand seven hundred people.They used information from the Framingham Heart Study.That study began sixty years ago in the American community of Framingham,Massachusetts.It was started to learn more about the risks of heart attack and stroke.For the new study,the researchers examined the emotions of the men and women in the Framingham Heart Study.The information was gathered from 1983 to 2003.

　　The researchers found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves.That means that happiness spreads,or has a contagious effect,among people.And,the smaller the physical distance between friends,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example,a person was twenty percent more likely to feel happy if his/her friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy.Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by thirty-four percent.The effects of friends’ happiness lasted for up to a year.

　　Another finding was that people who worked together or were married did not have as much of an effect on happiness levels as friends did.The researchers said this was often true among friends of the same sex.

　　A report on the findings was published this month in the British Medical Journal.America’s National Institute on Aging helped to pay for the study.Some researchers who were not involved with the study questioned its findings.They said the results could be disputed(争议) unless a separate study showed similar findings.

　　5.What does this text mainly tell us?

　　A.How to live a happy life.

　　B.One’s happiness influences others.

　　C.How to keep emotions healthy.

　　D.A scientific experiment.

　　6.From this text we know that 　. 

　　A.Nicholas and James based their findings on the study of a medical research

　　B.Nicholas and James have been doing their research for more than twenty years

　　C.a person with a happy friend has more chance of feeling blue

　　D.a happy person is more likely to suffer from heart attack

　　7.The underlined word “contagious” in the third paragraph means 　. 

　　A.contacting　 B.embarrassing

　　C.spreading D.frightening

　　8.According to this text,which of the following four persons may have a larger effect on Mrs Smith’s happiness?

　　A.Mr Green,Smith’s former classmate.

　　B.Mr Thomas,Smith’s colleague.

　　C.A friend in another city.

　　D.A happy single lady next door.

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　Why Do We Forget Things?

　　When it comes to having perfect memories,it is apparent that we humans must have had some faults in our blueprints!Why don’t we remember everything that we want to remember?It makes us feel upset and get discouraged.　1　 However,it’s true that we are all forgetful. 

　　　2　 These are stored in what we call our “long-term memory”.What about before age three?Sigmund Freud,a doctor of Vienna,discovered the fact that we forget most of our early childhood.　3　 They have different opinions.A very good theory,born from the results of experimentation with babies,is that absence of language ability at the time of an event stopped us from describing it to others. 

　　　4　 Experts say that you can keep about seven things in your memory at once for up to three days.During that time,you may forget something in order to put something else in its place,or you put it into long-term memory.What goes into short-term memory are things you’ve learned about recently,in the past day or two.　5　 For example,you may have met your favorite star last week,and this week you can tell all the details to a friend.A simple example to explain your short-term memory is to look at a list of twenty words for a minute or two.You will discover that you cannot remember more than about seven of them and that they are the ones in the beginning and at the end of the list because your mind has judged them to be more important than those in the middle. 

　　A.Scientists now know that it may take longer to remember things for the old.

　　B.However,it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.

　　C.Sometimes,it even causes us to lose self-respect or others to think less of us.

　　D.Psychologists have been studying what causes this forgetfulness since Freud’s time.

　　E.Most of us have vivid memories of our lives from about age three to our present ages.

　　F.Only if something really unusual happens does it stay in your short-term memory for longer.

　　G.The other type of memory,the “short-term memory”,is what we are usually referring to when we say,“I forgot.”

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　W:Peter,where is your car?I haven’t seen you drive to work for a long time!Did it break down or did somebody steal it?

　　M:Of course not!I 1.　(give) up driving to work.I’ve been riding my bike to work recently. 

　　W:Why?

　　M:Well,my office is just 2.　 stone’s throw from my home.3.(ride)my bike is 4.(convenient)than driving and finding a parking place. 

　　W:Really?But 5.　 would take you at least 25 minutes to ride to your company from here. 

　　M:Yes,sometimes 30 minutes.6.　I love riding to work now.I love the fresh air—riding my bike helps me feel energetic.By the time I reach the office I have so much 7.　.I don’t even need coffee 8.(keep) me awake for the morning’s work. 

　　W:9.　 do you think you’ll continue riding to work in the future? 

　　M:I think so.I don’t have to look through grey car windows every day.I feel I 10.　 see the real life going on around me again. 

　　Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了人们发现转基因油菜花的过程——长在道路两边的油菜花吸引了两位学者的眼球,她们进而展开研究,最终得出了新的研究成果。

　　1.D　细节理解题。由第八段第一句可知,Meredith Schafer来自Arkansas,而非North Dakota,故选D项。A项可由第一段的人称代词排除;B项由第二段第二句排除;C项由倒数第三段排除。

　　2.C　细节理解题。由第七段第一句可知,这些油菜花之所以生在路边,是因为它们的基因发生了变化。其余三项在文中均无信息支持。

　　3.B　推理判断题。由倒数第二段后两句可知,科学家们总共检测了288株作物,其中80%的作物含有转基因油菜中的基因,即288×80%≈230。

　　4.D　推理判断题。本文是一篇关于科学发现的文章,最可能出现的地方当然是科学类书籍。其余三项均不合题意。

　　【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要向我们介绍了两位科学家的一项研究发现——快乐可以感染人,拥有快乐的朋友就会拥有快乐。

　　5.B　主旨大意题。综合本文的内容可以看出,本文主要向我们介绍了两位科学家的一项研究发现——快乐可以感染人,拥有快乐的朋友就会拥有快乐。据此,我们可以确定本题的答案是B项。

　　6.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They used information from the Framingham Heart Study.”可知,这两位专家的理论是建立在他人的研究基础之上的。

　　7.C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词前面的并列连词or我们可以推测,contagious的意思与“spreading”接近。

　　8.D　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知,一位近距离的、快乐的、异性的朋友最有可能给我们带来快乐。据此,我们可以推测,本题的答案应是D项。

　　.1.C　2.E　3.D　4.G　5.F

　　.1.gave　2.a　3.Riding　4.more convenient　5.it　6.But　7.energy　8.to keep　9.So　10.can