2016长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（12）及答案

　　阅读理解.

　　There’s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just can’t get started.” People say. But it’s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.

　　What you’re seeking is not physical energy. It’s emotional energy. Yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations (义务). We encounter (遭遇) emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue (疲劳), a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.

　　And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nevertheless faced life with optimism and vigor (活力). Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite

　　an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. Unlike physical energy, which is finite (有限的) and diminishes (减少) with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can’t simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.

　　1. Do something new.

　　Very little that’s new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It’s like a tire(轮胎) with a slow leak（漏）. You don’t notice it at first, but eventually you’ll get a flat. It’s up to you to plug the leak—even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That’s where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline—a group of women friends who meet

　　regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a

　　short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. Here’s a challenge: If it’s something you wouldn’t ordinarily do, do it. Try

　　a dish you’ve never eaten. Listen to music you’d ordinarily tune out. You’ll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.

　　2. Reclaim life’s meaning.

　　So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale (厌倦的). The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something.” she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” Ivy’s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.

　　3. Put yourself in the fun zone.

　　Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived（缺乏的）. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients（客户）. “I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “It’s a challenge—and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.” We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly

　　4. Bid farewell （告别）to guilt and regret.

　　Everyone’s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they can’t merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened in the past, nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.

　　5. Make up your mind]

　　Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back.

　　6. Give to get.

　　Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy with the latter. You have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it. Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, and then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don’t smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you’re sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage to someone you love, or cook her dinner, then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you’d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. After all, if it’s true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what’s circulating around you is the good stuff?

　　1. Laura Hillenbrand is an example quoted to show how ________ in life.

　　A. physical energy can contribute to one’s unsuccess

　　B. emotional energy can contribute to one’s success

　　C. physical energy can contribute to one’s success

　　D. emotional energy can contribute to one’s unsuccess

　　2. The author believes emotional energy is ________.

　　A. inherited and genetically determined

　　B. related to inherited and genes

　　C. not inherited and genetically determined

　　D. related to inherited and upbringing

　　3. Even small changes people make in their lives ________ their emotional energy.

　　A. cannot help control

　　B. cannot help increase

　　C. can help control

　　D. can help increase

　　4. Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to ________.

　　A. help herself

　　B. teach herself

　　C. teach poor children

　　D. help poor children

　　5. The real-estate broker the author knows enjoyed ________.

　　A. redecorating the houses

　　B. mentally redecorating the houses

　　C. the same day-to-day work

　　D. defining fun differently

　　【参考答案】1—5、BCDDB

　　阅读理解。

　　Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

　　“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

　　The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

　　The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

　　Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

　　Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

　　The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.

　　1. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _________.

　　A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains

　　B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research

　　C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge

　　D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains

　　2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.

　　B. Human remains of the oldest species wee dug out at Happisburgh.

　　C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.

　　D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.

　　3. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?

　　A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.

　　B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.

　　C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

　　D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.

　　4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.

　　B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.

　　C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.

　　D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.

　　【参考答案】1—4、ＢＣＤＤ

　　阅读理解

　　A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?”

　　The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.

　　I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

　　“All right then,” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you’ll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!”

　　A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

　　(

　　) 1. The author took the job to teach writing because ______.

　　A. he wanted to be expected

　　B. he had written some storied

　　C. he wanted to please his father

　　D. he had dreamed of being a teacher

　　(

　　) 2. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?

　　A. He would be aggressive in his first class.

　　B. He was well-prepared for his first class.

　　C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

　　D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

　　(

　　) 3. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.

　　A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards

　　B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

　　C. cut some cards out of the construction paper

　　D. write down their names on the paper cards

　　(

　　) 4. What did the students do when the author started his class?

　　A. They began to talk.

　　B. They stayed silent.

　　C. They raised their hands.

　　D. They shouted to be heard.

　　(

　　) 5. The author chose the composition topic probably because ______.

　　A. he got disappointed with his first class

　　B. he had prepared the topic before class

　　C. he wanted to calm down the students

　　D. he thought it was an easy topic

　　这是一篇记叙文，描述作者第一天教学的经历。

　　1.

　　答案: A

　　解析: 细节理解题，根据第一段“I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis.”可以得出答案。But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可以得出答案。

　　3. D 细节理解题，根据第三段“I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可以得出答案。

　　4. B

　　细节理解题，根据最后一段“A terrible silence ruled the room”可以得出答案。

　　5. A 推理判断题，根据文中的描述，作者作了很好的准备，可是却都不能实现，作者很失望

　　阅读理解。

　　In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　　Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　　Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.

　　The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

　　(

　　) 1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.

　　A. It makes the world warmer

　　B. it consumes natural resources

　　C. it brings severe damage to forests

　　D. it makes growth hard to continue

　　(

　　) 2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

　　A. China lacks wind and solar energy.

　　B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

　　C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

　　D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

　　(

　　) 3. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can ______.

　　A. cut public expenses

　　B. forbid carbon emission

　　C. develop public resources

　　D. encourage energy conservation

　　(

　　) 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.

　　A. develop sustainable products

　　B. explore new natural resources

　　C. make full use of natural resources

　　D. deal with the major challenge

　　(

　　) 5. What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A. To introduce a new business model.

　　B. To compare two business models.

　　C. To predict a change of the global market.

　　D. To advocate sustainable development.

　　这是一篇说明文，提倡低碳生活。

　　41. 答案：B

　　解析：细节理解题，根据第一段的“Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm”“ must be able to develop in sustainable ways”可以排除A、C、D选项。

　　42. 答案：B

　　解析：推理判断题，根据第二段“China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market……”可以得出答案。

　　3. D 细节理解题，根据第三段“targets for saving and reusing energy.”可以得出答案。“energy conservation”意为节约能源。

　　4. A 细节理解题，根据“but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可以得出答案。

　　5. D主旨大意题，根据全文，不难看出文章提倡的是低碳生活。

　　完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。

　　Children find meanings in their old family tales.

　　When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about bow his grandfather, a banker,

　　1

　　all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times

　　2

　　his strong-minded grandfather was nearly

　　3

　　, he loaded his family into the car and

　　4

　　them to see family members in Canada with a 5

　　,“there are more important thins in life than money. ”

　　The 6

　　took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a 7

　　house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was 8

　　that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t

　　9

　　, their reaction echoed （共鸣） their great-grandfather’s. What they

　　was how warm the people were in the house and how 11

　　of their heart was accessible.

　　Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children

　　12

　　hard times. Storytelling expects say the phenomenon reflects a growing 13

　　in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals.

　　A university

　　14

　　of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to 15

　　parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.

　　The 16

　　is telling the stories in a way children can 17

　　. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that

　　18

　　, “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s

　　19

　　, and make eye contact （接触） to create “a personal experience”,. We don’t have to tell children

　　they should take from the story and what the moral is. ”

　　(

　　) 1. A. missed

　　B. lost

　　C. forgot

　　D. ignored

　　(

　　) 2. A. when

　　B. while

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　(

　　) 3. A. friendless

　　B. worthless

　　C. penniless

　　D. homeless

　　(

　　) 4. A fetched

　　B. allowed

　　C. expected

　　D. took

　　(

　　) 5. A. hope

　　B. promise

　　C. suggestion

　　D. belief

　　(

　　) 6. A. tale

　　B. agreement

　　C. arrangement

　　D. report

　　(

　　) 7. A. large

　　B. small

　　C. new

　　D. grand

　　(

　　) 8. A. surprised

　　B. annoyed

　　C. disappointed

　　D. worried

　　(

　　) 9. A. Therefore

　　B. Besides

　　C. Instead

　　D. Otherwise

　　(

　　) 10. A. talked about

　　B. cared about

　　C. wrote about

　　D. heard about

　　(

　　) 11. A. much

　　B. many

　　C. little

　　D. few

　　(

　　) 12. A. beyond

　　B. over

　　C. behind

　　D. through

　　(

　　) 13. A. argument

　　B. skill

　　C. interest

　　D. anxiety

　　(

　　) 14. A. study

　　B. design

　　C. committee

　　D. staff

　　(

　　) 15. A. provide

　　B. retell

　　C. support

　　D. refuse

　　(

　　) 16. A. trouble

　　B. gift

　　C. fact

　　D. trick

　　(

　　) 17. A. perform

　　B. write

　　C. hear

　　D. question

　　(

　　) 18. A. means

　　B. ends

　　C. begins

　　D. proves

　　(

　　) 19. A. needs

　　B. activities

　　C. judgments

　　D. habits

　　(

　　) 20. A. that

　　B. what

　　C. which

　　D. whom

　　【解析】文章大意

　　文章通过Stephen Guyer给他的三个孩子讲述他们祖父艰苦创业的故事而未引起孩子们的共鸣的例子说明了一个观点：在给孩子们讲故事时，要采用眼神的交流和孩子们易于接受的形式，不要只是一味的讲道理。

　　. B 根据后一分句中的动词lose可知此处选B。

　　. A 引导定语从句，先行词是times，指时间，也可指物，关系词做从句的状语，用when，选A。

　　. C 根据本句中的darkest times可知此处选C。

　　. D 由本句中的he loaded his family into the car可以推断出此处选D。

　　. D 根据后文的直接引语可以推断出所填词意思是：信念，选D。

　　. A 由文章首句可知此处选A。

　　. B 根据downsize可知此处选B。

　　. D 句子意思是：他担心他15岁的女儿和22岁的双胞胎儿子会沮丧。选D。

　　. C 此处用副词，表转折，意思是：而是，选C。

　　. B talk about：谈论，讨论；care about：注意，关心；对……感兴趣；write about：写关于…的事；hear about：听说。由句意可知此处选B。

　　. A how+ 形容词修饰heart，由其修饰词their可知此处heart是不可数名词，故选A。

　　. D 所填介词与hard times构成搭配，意思是：度过艰难时期，选D。

　　. C 本句意思是：故事专家们说此现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事越来越大的兴趣，……。选C。

　　. A 根据上下文意思可知此处所填词意思是：研究，选A。

　　. B句子意思是：一项大学对于65个有14到16岁孩子的家庭的研究表明：的孩子们复述父辈艰苦故事时，能体验到父辈困境的几率很低。所填词意思是：复述，选B。

　　. D 由句子意思可知所填词意思是：技巧，计谋，选D。

　　. C 句子意思是：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能容忍的方式来讲。选C。

　　. C 由后文的直接引语可知这是故事的开头，故此处选C。

　　. A 由本句的谓语动词suit可以推断出此处选A。

　　. B 所填词引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中做take的宾语，指物，选B。