2016年重庆渝中区高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（10）及答案

　　【2017高考复习】阅读理解

　　One of the founding fathers of the Internet has predicted the end of traditional television.Vint Cerf，who helped to build the Internet while working as a researcher in America，said that the television was approaching its “iPod moment”．

　　In the same way that people now download their favorite music onto their iPod，he said that viewers would soon be downloading most favorite programs onto their computers.“85% of all videos we watch are prerecorded，so you can set your system to download them all the time，” said Mr Cerf，who is now the vice president of Google，the world’s largest search engine.“You’re still going to need live television for certain things—like news，sporting events and emergencies—but increasingly it is going to be almost like the iPod.”

　　Although television on demand has not yet become a mainstream activity in the UK，the BBC，ITV and Channel 4 have all spent vast sums of money on technology which enables viewers to watch their favorite shows on their computers.

　　But some critics (批评人士)，including some Internet service providers，have warned that the Internet will collapse with millions of people downloading programs at the same time.Over the next four years，it is thought that the number of videos watched over the Internet will be four times as big as that.Broadband companies claim that the service will cause “traffic jams”，which will cost millions of pounds to get it to normal.

　　But Mr Cerf dismissed the warnings as “scare thoughts”，saying that critics had predicted 20 years ago that the Net would collapse when people all around the world started to use it all together.“In the past 30 years it’s increased a million times...We’re far from reaching the capacity，” he said，“It’s an understandable worry when they see huge amounts of information being moved around online.”

　　【语篇解读】　随着网络技术的发展，传统的电视将有可能退出历史的舞台。

　　1．What would happen to television according to Vint Cerf?

　　A．Television would come to an end.

　　B．Television would be replaced by the computer.

　　C．Viewers would prefer watching TV programs downloaded on their computers.

　　D．Most people would prefer the Internet to television.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“viewers would soon be downloading most favorite programs onto their computers.”可知，人们喜欢将最喜欢的节目下载到电脑上进行观看，因此选C。

　　答案　C

　　2．“iPod moment” refers to the time when________.

　　A．people can enjoy the live broadcast of television

　　B．people can download content to look at later

　　C．all programs are recorded with careful plan

　　D．the computer and television are closely combined

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第二段叙述可知，像把音乐下载到iPod一样，人们能将最喜欢的电视节目下载到电脑上，稍后观看，故B项正确。

　　答案　B

　　3．According to the last paragraph，Mr Cerf held the idea that______.

　　A．the Internet will collapse with many people downloading programs at the same time

　　B．the Net will collapse when people all around the world start to use it all together

　　C．the Internet service will break down with many videos watched over the Internet

　　D．people’s downloading TV programs on their computers won’t cause the collapse of the Internet

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句可知，Mr Cerf认为即使人们把电视节目下载到电脑中，也不会导致网络瘫痪。

　　答案　D

　　Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.

　　A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.

　　Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.

　　Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排气), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.

　　In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.

　　The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔藓), and insect-eating sundew plants.

　　The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.

　　“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”

　　He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.

　　At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.

　　5. The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.

　　A. frightening

　　B. threatening

　　C. unique

　　D. unusual

　　6. We can infer from the passage that _________.

　　it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere

　　reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops

　　the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity

　　reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity

　　7. The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.

　　no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission

　　governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen

　　“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed

　　nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity

　　8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions

　　B. Stopping Nitrogen Emissions

　　C. Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife

　　D. Saving Europe’s Wildlife

　　【参考答案】5、B

　　6—8、CDC

　　阅读理解--------C

　　9. Whose entry will be accepted by The New Yorker?

　　Richard, a post-graduate from Quebec, Canada, who sent his design on Dec.20.

　　Amy, a 28-year-old Asian-American teacher, who sent her design on Jan. 20.

　　Jessie, a 16-year-old student from New York, who sent her design on Dec. 29.

　　John, a 68-year-old retired engineer from San Francisco, who sent his design on Jan. 10.

　　10. Which of the following is NOT true about James Surowiecki?

　　James Surowiecki is the author of The Financial Page column.

　　James Surowiecki usually has discussions with people from different fields.

　　James Surowiecki speaks with a chairman about issues of medicine this month.

　　Visiting newyorker.com/go/vasella, you can watch the conversation of this month between James and an economist.

　　11. ___________ can be provided by The Big Apple Circus Care program for sick children.

　　A. Excellent treatment and care

　　B. Trained professional doctors and nurses

　　C. Unique methods to relieve stress

　　D. Special pediatric facilities

　　12. Which of the following can be used by the Big Apple Circus Clown Care program to promote itself?

　　A.

　　We help all children live happy lives.

　　B.

　　Our doctors jump through rings to cure the blues.

　　C.

　　Every life deserves world class care.

　　D.

　　Work together for a healthier world.

　　【参考答案】9—10、DD

　　11—12、CB

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Garlic is one of the most common flavors in our kitchen. It not only tastes wonderful, but also it’s very good for your body. It is one of Mother Nature’s most precious gifts to cooks of all levels.

　　Choose garlic heads that are firm to the touch, with no scars or soft cloves (蒜瓣). If you notice dark, powdery patches under the skin, pass it up because this is an indication of a common mold which will eventually spoil the flesh.

　　Store unpeeled heads of garlic in an open container in a cool, dry place away from other foods. Do not refrigerate or freeze unpeeled garlic. Properly stored garlic can keep up to three months.

　　As garlic ages, it will begin to produce green sprouts in the center of each clove. These infant green sprouts can be bitter, so throw them before using the garlic for your recipe. However, if you plant the cloves and let them grow to a height of about six inches, you can use the sprouts like chives (韭黄) in salads and such.

　　Garlic can also be purchased as peeled whole cloves, both stored in olive or vegetable oil. It is urgent that garlic in oil be stored under refrigeration to avoid potentially-deadly bacteria growth. If you use a lot of garlic and wish to cut your preparation time down, you can pre-peel and store your own in oil in the refrigerator, but the best flavor will come from freshly-peeled cloves. Use garlic powder, garlic salt, and garlic juice only as a last resort.

　　To peel a garlic clove, place it on a cutting board on its side, and gently press down quickly with the flat side of a butcher knife. The skin should then easily peel off. If you find the skin clinging desperately to the clove, congratulations! You have fresh garlic. As garlic ages, the skin is gradually dried-up, making it easier to peel.

　　1. The passage is mainly about　.

　　A. how to select, store and peel garlic

　　B. what garlic tastes and smells

　　C. where to keep the garlic

　　D. when to reap the garlic

　　2. A dark patch under the skin of garlic means　.

　　A. the cloves of garlic are soft

　　B. the garlic has been kept for long

　　C. something wrong with the garlic

　　D. the garlic has been cooked

　　3. The underlined word “sprouts” means　.

　　A. new parts growing on a plant

　　B. newly seeds growing on a plant

　　C. parts belonging to a branching shape

　　D. thin skin attached to garlic

　　4. If you want to store garlic, 　.

　　A. you can keep it in the refrigerator up to three months

　　B. you’d better keep the peeled in the refrigerator

　　C. you may keep frozen unpeeled garlic

　　D. you can put garlic in vegetable oil

　　5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. The sprouts of garlic tastes like chives.

　　B. Garlic juice is better than the freshly-peeled.

　　C. A cutting board is helpful for peeling garlic.

　　D. Olive oil is needed when cooking garlic.

　　【参考答案】1—5、ACABC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some people’s immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found.

　　The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress.

　　“It turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said in a UCLA news release.

　　“For example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, it’s threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”

　　The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but it’s been unclear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said.

　　Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune system’s natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added.

　　The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　1. Where do you first find the study?

　　A. A magazine.　B. A website.　 C. A literature. D. An advertisement.

　　2. Judging from volunteers, 　might be more likely to have inflammation.

　　A. those who were more sensitive to social rejection

　　B. those who were purposely put into society

　　C. those who gave a speech before audience

　　D. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness

　　3. The author quotes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to　.

　　A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected

　　B. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations

　　C. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stress

　　D. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system

　　4. We can infer that　if there is inflammatory response in people’s immune system.

　　A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress

　　B. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathways

　　C. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stress

　　D. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced

　　【参考答案】1—4、BABA

　　The Big Apple Circus Clown Care Program

　　The Big Apple Circus Clown Care program brings joy and laughter to young patients in seven New York City pediatric(儿科的) facilities, and 11 more across the country. 90 specially trained professional “clown doctors” visit nearly 250,000 bedsides a year, interacting with the children, family members and staff.

　　The Clown Care program is a part of the healing process for children who come to New York Presbyterian. The clown unit provides a unique way to reduce the stress associated with being in a hospital. Being able to bring a smile to the face of a sick child clearly complements(辅助) the excellent care provided by our doctors and nurses. We are thrilled to include the Clown Care program as part of our team.

　　Please help continue this important work by making a financial contribution today at bigapplecircus.org.

　　Video Conversations with James Surowiecki

　　Watch the author of The Financial Page column in discussion with policymakers, business leaders, and economists.

　　This month, James Surowiecki speaks with Dan Vasella, the chairman and C.E.O. of Novartis, about drug prices, health-care, reform, and the appearance of China in the pharmaceutical(制药的) industry.

　　Visit www.newyorker.com/go/vasella today.

　　The 2010 Eustace Tilley Contest

　　This marks our third annual contest soliciting(征求) readers’ opinions on Eustace Tilley, the magazine’s iconic dandy(花花公子), who appeared on the cover of the first issue of The New Yorker and on almost every anniversary issue since.

　　In celebration of our upcoming 85th anniversary, we invite you to create your own version of The New Yorker’s dandy.

　　Entries to our third annual Eustace Tilley contest will be accepted from December 17th through January 18th.

　　Winners will be featured on Newyorker.com.

　　Visit newyorker.com/go/tilley2010 to enter and for complete contest rules.

　　Open to legal U.S. and Canada residents (except Quebec) age 18 and over.