2016届高三（牛津版）英语一轮复习讲义 语法精讲 第四讲 动词和动词短语

　　第四讲　动词和动词短语

　　一、动词词义辨析常见形近动词小结：纵观近几年高考试题对动词的考查不难发现高考题中所给的四个选项常出现词形相似的情况考生在平时遇到词形相近的动词应注意归纳。这里总结了一些常见的形似动词：(翻译)(运输)(移植)(改变转变)；(保护)(保护维护)(保留)；(犯)(提交呈递)(允许)(承认)；(暗示)pply(应用)(提供)(答复)；(检查)(期待)(尊敬)(怀疑)；(抵抗)insist(坚持)(帮助)(由……组成)；(上升)(出现)(提高)(唤醒)；(影响)(买得起提供)(给予提供)；(成功)(进行)(超越)；(爆炸)(考查探究)(出口)；require(要求)(获得)(询问)(鼓舞)；(捐献)(分配)；(使适应)(采纳收养)；(消耗)(假定)。

　　1．(2017·高考江苏卷)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.B．registered D．compensated解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。chase“追逐追求”；register“登记注册”；offer“提供”；compensate“补偿赔偿”。句意：大学的优秀毕业生显然是各大公司竞相追逐(chase)的目标。(2017·高考天津卷)My parents always ________ great importance to my getting a good education.解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析及固定搭配。句意：我的父母一直非常重视让我得到良好的教育。attach great importance to“认为……非常重要”(2017·高考福建卷)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________in terms of overall quality. B．matched解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度support“支持赞成”；match“相配相称”；evaluate“评价评估”；control“控制”。根据句中的关键词students以及overall quality(综合素质)可知空格处表示“评价(evaluate)”。(2017·高考浙江卷)No matter how carefully you plan your finances________ when the unexpected will happen.

　　A．prove B．imply D．predict解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管你怎样仔细地规划你的财务状况没人能预测什么时候会发生意外。prove“证明”；imply“暗示”；demand“要求”；predict“预测”。由后面的关键信息when the unexpected will happen可知此处是“预言预测(predict)”要发生意外。(2017·高考江西卷)I don’t believe what you said, ________ me.

　　A．convinceB．inform

　　C．guaranteeD．refuse

　　解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信你所说的但是如果你能证明它你也许能够________我。由句中的“但是如果你能证明它”可判断此处应填convince(说服)。inform改革；guarantee保证；refuse拒绝。二、动词短语辨析

　　break短语 break away from脱离；背叛；break down损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉；break in闯入强行进入；插嘴打断；break into闯入；打断突然……(笑、唱等)起来；break off打断；折断；break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生爆发；break up(物理)分解；粉碎破碎；结束；散开解散The car broken down just north of Pairs. 汽车在巴黎以北的地方抛锚了。hold短语 hold back隐瞒；阻碍；犹豫；控制(情感)；hold out伸出；坚持维持；hold up阻挡使停顿；支撑得住；hold on等着；别挂断；坚持住；hold on to保留；抓I’d hold on to that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.

　　我目前要守住那套房子这段时间房价涨得很快。bring短语 bring about引起导致；bring back把……送回归还；使回忆起；bring down使倒下；降低；bring in引进；挣得；bring out使罢工；阐明；出版；bring up教育培养The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格以保持市场稳定。make短语 make sense有意义讲得通；make it及时到达；成功；make up编造；化妆；组成构成；补齐凑足；铺床；和好；make up for补偿弥补；make up of由……构成；make room for让地方；make fun of取笑；make use of利用；make way for为……开路让路；make up one’s mind打定主意决定make up for the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来男孩比之前学习更努力。come短语 come about发生产生；come along跟随；come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)；come off从……离开脱落；come on来吧赶快；come out出来；(书)出版；come to共计达到；come up with追上赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案)(2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Would you like to come

　　us to the film tonight？

　　今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？put短语 put aside放在一边；put away收起来放好；储蓄；put back放回原处；拨回；推迟；put down放下；平定镇压；记下；put forward提出(计划、建议等)；拨快；提前；put off延期推迟；使分神；put out扑灭；生产；公布；put through接通电话；put up提出；建造；举起；张贴公布；留宿过夜；put up with容忍me instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家而不住旅馆。get短语 get across被理解；get along/on with进展；与……和睦相处；get down下来；记下；get down to开始认真干；get off出发；下车；get over克服；get through通过；打通(电话)；用完耗尽(2017·高考江苏卷)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to 团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。set短语 set about着手干；开始做；set aside暂时不考虑；把……放到一旁；set off动身；引爆；引起激发；set out开始；动身；陈述阐明set aside the question of independence.

　　双方同意把独立的问题搁置不提。give短语 give away泄露；颁发；赠送；give back归还；使恢复；give in屈服；呈交；give off发出放出(气味、光、热等)；give out用尽耗尽；分发；公布发表；发出(光、热等)；give up放弃n’t disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。take短语 take charge of负责掌管；take in吸收；欺骗蒙骗；改小改瘦；take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；休假take on呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；take over接管接任；take the place of代替；take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)taken on a new dimension.

　　他的生活呈现出新的面貌。turn短语 turn away转身走开；打发走；turn down拒绝；调小；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out结果；证明是；关掉；生产制造；turn over打翻；仔细思量；移交；turn to求助于；翻到转到；turn up调大；出现？

　　你看起来很沮丧怎么了？

　　turned down again.

　　——我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。其他常考的动词短语 account for解释说明；answer for对……负责担保……担忧；consist of包括由……组成；contribute to有助于导致；figure out想清楚弄明白算出；focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于……；insist on坚持要求；object to反对；point out指出；refer to提到指的是查阅；meet with偶遇；result in结果是导致；see to照看；处理；负责；show off炫耀；stick to坚持不放弃；use up耗尽用尽；wear out耗尽使筋疲力尽account for your movements on that night？

　　你能解释一下那晚的活动吗？温馨提示　多词动词短语

　　多词动词短语多由三个单词构成因词数多、构词巧而备受高考命题者的重视。常见的多词动词短语有：动词短语 意　义 动词短语 意　义

　　keep up with 赶上 get away with 做错事而end up with 以……告终get away from 脱离 catch up with 赶上 date back to 追溯至

　　get rid of 消灭 look back to/on 回顾

　　look up to 尊敬 do harm/good to 给……带来坏/好处look out for 警惕 do wrong to 委屈瞧不起 do away with 废除

　　look forward to 期盼 do damage to 给……造成损坏live up to 不辜负 devote oneself to 献身于穿着 seat oneself on 坐在(2017·浙江杭州二中、学军中学等五校联考)As winter gives way to springlooking forward to outdoor activities.冬去春来学生们正期待着户外活动。

　　1．(2017·高考福建卷)As a grassroots singer________concerning music，and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

　　A．catch sight of B．get hold ofke mention of

　　解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手她读了她能得到的一切与音乐有关的东西还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“找到得到抓住”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句中的everything(一切)以及concerning music(与音乐有关)可知是找到(get hold of) 一切与音乐有关的东西。(2017·高考湖北卷)Is this your necklace I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.

　　A．came acrossB．dealt with

　　C．looked afterD．went for 解析：选A。考查动词短语意义辨析。come across意为“(偶然)遇到”符合句意。deal with“处理”；look after“照看”；go for“想要获得争取得到”。(2017·高考湖北卷)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening；I can’t seem to ________．B．get offD．get along 解析：选A。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：整个晚上我都一直在努力给查尔斯打电话但肯定是网络出故障了我似乎无法接通。get through可表示“设法联系上(尤指打通电话)”符合语境。get off“(从……)下来；出发”；get in“进入；抵达；收获”；get along“进展相处”。(2017·高考大纲全国卷)Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music________ it with hard work.

　　A．goes back onB．takes away fromD．catches up with 解析：选C。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋但是她用努力工作来弥补它go back on“背叛背弃”；take away from“拿走带走”；make up for“弥补”；catch up with“赶上追上”。由第一分句的关键信息doesn’t have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知她是在用努力工作来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。(2017·高考安徽卷)Terry________ your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.

　　A．look up fromB．look intoD．look through解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：特里祖母和你说话时请________你的手机。look up from“从……上抬起头来”；look into“调查”；look back on“回顾回头看”；look through“仔细检查看穿”。祖母是长辈和孙辈说话时look up from your cellphone(从你的手机上把头抬起来即不要看着手机)。故选A项。(2017·高考江西卷)Anyway, ________ some serious work.

　　A．come up withB．get down to

　　C．do away withD．live up to

　　解析选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管怎么说我们现在在这儿因此让我们________一些重要的工作吧。get down to着手处理符合题意。come up with想起；do away with废除；live up to遵守不辜负。三、动词(短语)的熟词生义熟词生义现在在高考中屡屡出现有时会给考试带来不小的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外对于其不太常用的词义也要作适当的了解；1．常考动词的熟词生义接着说补充道；address 称呼；向……发表演说；admit 允许进入；容纳；attend 照料；照顾；decline谢绝；婉拒；catch 理解；明白；count 重要；认为；cover 走完(一段路)够付(费用)看完(多少页书)；drive 驱赶；escape 被忘记；fail 不足缺乏；(视力、健康)衰退；follow ．理解；stand 容忍忍受；hold ．容纳；occur ．被想到；operate 运转；起作用经营；observe 遵守；奉行；present 介绍；赠送；promise ．使很可能预示；run 竞选；运转；管理；succeed 继承；接任；wear ．磨损；经磨；耐用常考动词短语的熟词生义过夜；turn out出席在场到场；turn up被发现被找到；work out以某种方式发展锻炼；rule out排除；agree with适合；make out开出；stand up经得起；take on雇用；pay off 有回报成功；结清工资并解雇(某人)；pay for为……付出代价；pick up康复；leave out不考虑；set aside省出留出；set off引起激起；take off迅速流行；break down(计划)失败(2017·高考江苏卷)—Dadon’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

　　——爸爸我认为奥利弗不是做这份工作的合适人选。 pay him off.

　　——我明白了。我马上去解雇他。

　　(2017·高考安徽卷)Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really ________ the test of time.

　　A．failedB．stood

　　C．takenD．conducted

　　解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句“Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.”可推知后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。stand常见熟义：站立；位于；生义：经受住；容忍忍受。stand the test of time经受住了时间的检验故选B项。

　　1．(2017·盐城质检)We were all agreed that the cottage would ________a perfect holiday home for the family.B．turn解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。 make在此为熟词生义表示“适合做宜用作”符合题意。(2017·杭州质His grandmother’s sudden death of a heart attack________Eric to study medicine.

　　A．forcedB．reminded

　　C．convincedD．drove

　　解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eric的奶奶突发心脏病去世这促使他学医。drive“促使迫使”符合句意。(2017·南京模拟)From the moment babies are born，parents are helping them to be released into the world，not to________them or to control their lives for the rest of life.

　　A．hold on toB．put up with

　　C．give in toD．break up with

　　解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：从婴儿出生的那刻起父母们就在帮助他们融入这个世界而不是抓紧他们不放或是控制他们一辈子的生活。根据后面的control可知前面应该用hold on to意为“抓紧不放开”。而put up with“忍受”；give in to“屈服”；break up with“同(某人)绝交”均不符合句意。(2017·成都质检)In spite of the tight schedule of study never been________．解析：选B。句意：尽管学习安排很紧但开发学生潜能的活动从未被取消过。call in召来；call off取消；call out大声呼叫；call up给……打电话。根据句意可知项正确。！May I help you?e to________a double room with a sea view for two nights.

　　A．observeB．reserve

　　C．deserveD．preserve

　　解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知答话人是想预订一个双人海景房。reserve意为“预订保留”符合语境。observe“观察到看到”deserve“应得”；preserve“保存维护”。(2017·浙江宁波高考模拟)Thanks to Mrs Smith________after ten years’ cold relationship between them.

　　A．took upB．picked up

　　C．made upD．turned up

　　解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：父子俩10年来关系冷淡多亏了Smith夫人父子俩最终言归于好了。make up意为“言归于好和解”符合语境。(2017·陕西宝鸡质检)Peter was a heart breaker. He deserted his wife the moment his business began to________．B．take out解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得是一个负心人。事业一成功他就抛弃了妻子。take up“占据；拿起”；take out“取出”；take over“接管”；take off“突然成功”。根据句意选D。(2017·厦门高三质量检查)The authorities________ an orange warning of haze and urged people to stay indoors. B．struck解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当局发出雾霾橙色预警并强烈要求人们待在室内。command“命令”；strike“击打；碰撞”；cancel“取消”；issue“公布发布”。D项符合句意。(2017·安徽安庆模拟)People around the world are________ the Japanese government to face the history with a correct attitude now.解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：世界各地的人们现在都在强烈要求日本政府以正确的态度面对历史。根据句意可知这里用push for表示answer for“对……负责”；account for“解释说明”；care for“照料；喜欢”。________ the Hope Project，” said the poster.

　　A．subscribe to B．adapt toD．relate to解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：海报上写着：“各行各业的人们都乐于定期捐助希望工程。”subscribe to“定期捐助”；adapt to“适应”；adjust to“适应”；relate to“涉及与……相关”。结合句意选A。________ a conversation with someone who only says “Yes” and “No”． B．take up解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。keep up“保持继续”；take up“开始从事(新的工作)”；make up“编造”；pick up“捡起学会搭载”。句意：和一个只会说“是”与“不是”的人交谈真的很难继续下去。(2017·黄石部分中学联考)The alarm bell ________re you.

　　A．goes off B．goes out解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：闹铃响起你慢慢睁开眼睛眼前又是新的充满未知的可能与机遇的一天。根据句意可知应选A表示“发出响声”。go out “出去熄灭”；come off“脱落掉下”；come out“泄露出版13．During a meeting with other senior officials over the weekend, Premier Li Keqiang ________ action to relieve poverty.

　　A．pulled away B．carried out

　　C．called forD．put into

　　解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在周末的pull away“驶离”；carry out“开展实施”；call for“要求”；put into“投入”。(2017·合肥质检)I’m not good at ________ people’s mind, 解析：选A。考查动词用法。句意：我不擅长猜测别人的心思所以如果你有要求的话请告诉我。read one’s mind“猜测某人的心思”为固定短语符合句意。(2017·苏锡常镇四市调研)—Hello. I’d like to have a talk with Mr. Smith staying in your hotel.________ this morning.

　　A．checked in

　　B．dropped in

　　C．checked out

　　D．dropped out

　　解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你好。我想找住在你们旅馆的史密斯先生。——对不起他不在这里。他今天早上结账(走)了。check out表示“结账离去”符合语境。check in“登记报到”；drop in“顺便拜drop out“退出退学”。