2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业1

　　课时作业1　Friendship

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2017·江苏省南通中学测试)

　　Why Are Pig Farmers Still Using Growth­Promoting Drugs?

　　It's one of the most controversial practices in agriculture: feeding small amounts of antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster. But what if the drugs don't even work very well? There's some good evidence that they don't, at least in pigs. They used to deliver a boost in growth, but that effect has disappeared in recent years or declined greatly. The reason for this is interesting and even paradoxical. Researchers think the antibiotics used to work by suppressing low­grade infections. In recent years, however, pork producers found other ways to accomplish the same thing through improved hygiene(卫生). As a result, the drugs have become largely superfluous—yet many farmers still use them.

　　To understand how this happened, you have to step back in time, says Steve Dritz, a specialist in pig nutrition at Kansas State University. Sixty years ago, when antibiotics were new, “people started treating animals, and feeding [the antibiotics], and finding that they had increased growth rates and feed efficiencies，” he says. Nursery­age pigs, for instance, grew 12 to 15 percent faster with antibiotics. The animals also needed less feed to reach full weight. Other studies showed similar results in chickens and cattle. In the 1980s, a new set of studies found similar effects. So the growth­promoting effects of antibiotics became standard practice among meat producers. Fast forward to the 1990s. Dritz was starting his career as a scientist at Kansas State University, and pork production was changing dramatically.

　　Previously, pigs were born and raised in one barn or in several barns close together. This meant infections could easily pass from one generation to the next, the way that kids share germs between their friends on the playground and their parents at home. Under the new system, when piglets are weaned, they move to a whole different place. That new site is carefully scrubbed and free of disease.

　　Craig Rowles, who runs a large swine operation in Carroll, Lowa, shows me one such room. There's not a piglet in sight. “This room just got completely washed and disinfected, and now it's going to sit here and dry for a while，” he says.

　　A whole group of pigs will come in here together, and later they will move out together to yet another site. “That group of pigs will stay together until they go to market，” Rowles says.

　　The groups are kept strictly separated from each other. If workers move between the groups, they first have to change their boots.

　　When farmers adopted multisite production, it cut down on disease—and pigs actually grew faster.

　　1．One of the advantages of using antibiotics in the past is that it ________.

　　A．helped animals grow faster

　　B．decreased the death rate of animals

　　C．helped animals have a better appetite

　　D．increased animal reproduction

　　2．Pigs were more easily infected in the past because ________.

　　A．they used antibiotics

　　B．they were always close together

　　C．they were raised on the playground

　　D．they moved from one farm to another

　　3．The underlined word “superfluous” most probably means ________.

　　A．abusedB．necessary

　　C．available

　　D．addictive

　　4．The author seems ________ on the issue of dropping antibiotics on pigs.

　　A．optimistic

　　B．worried

　　C．doubtful

　　D．indifferent

　　答案与解析

　　本文就现在农民仍然给猪使用抗生素一事发表科学的看法和依据。

　　1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段提到It's one of the most controversial practices in agriculture: feeding small amounts of antibiotics to animals in order to make them grow faster.农业上有个有争议的方法，给猪喂抗生素来让它长得更快，故选A项。

　　2．B　推理判断题。根据第三段提到Previously, pigs were born and raised in one barn or in several barns close together. This meant infections could easily pass from one generation to the next...这些猪被养在一个栏或几个栏里，这意味着很容易传染，故选B项。

　　3．A　词义猜测题。根据第一段提到In recent years, however, pork producers found other ways to accomplish the same thing through improved hygiene(卫生). As a result, the drugs have become largely superfluous—yet many farmers still use them. 最后这些年，养猪的人通过卫生可以达到同样的效果，结果药物就被滥用，然而一些农民仍然再用，故选A项。

　　4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段提到When farmers adopted multisite production, it cut down on disease—and pigs actually grew faster.当农民采用多站点的生产方式，这会减少疾病，长得确实是更快，故作者的观点是非常乐观的，所以选A项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填句

　　(2017·吉林市质检)

　　__1__ We are learning from life constantly, as long as we recognize and accept those lessons. When you choose to be a student of life, you open yourself to limitless opportunities.

　　Explore the world. Don't limit yourself to your hometown or to the city you got your first job. __2__ It doesn't have to be just one town or one apartment complex. Backpacking may not be for everyone, but it's the only way you can see the world. Travelling doesn't just have to be going overseas but also dropping by many states. Culture exists not just in a country but even in small communities.

　　Acquire new life skills. Maybe it's time that you finally learn how to fix a broken faucet or even fix the faulty light in your bathroom. You can finally cross out your bucket list items that have been there forever. Learn how to drive a car or ride a bike. There are definitely things you don't know how to do, and you have a lifetime ahead of you to learn. __3__

　　Be cultured. Watch as many movies and read as many books as possible. And it doesn't mean that you only watch the ones with high ratings from critics. Books and movies are the fruit of the writers' or the makers' life experiences and understanding of their surroundings. Movies and books are a good look into how people interpret the world.

　　__4__ For some individuals, to grow older means to keep your circle of friends down to a few, but that shouldn't stop you from meeting new people. Widen your circle by allowing people into your life and letting them get to know you. Widening your circle to people from all walks of life gives you a bigger and better perspective of the world.

　　Do many first's. When was the last time you did something for the first time? __5__. It can be as simple as watching a movie alone or as big as trying bungee jumping. Doing something for the first time doesn't need to have a life­changing effect. It can be a simple realization that apparently, going to a film screening by yourself isn't so bad.

　　So, there are so much more to learn, especially now that we're virtually connected to everyone in the world. As a student of life, it's really up to you to use all your resources and make it into something enriching.

　　A．Widen your circle.

　　B．Entertain yourself.

　　C．Lessons are not limited to our academic studies.

　　D．It's never too late to start learning something new.

　　E．You don't always need a deep understanding for everything you do.

　　F．Go beyond the place you consider home, because home can be many places.

　　G．If you can't think of the answer, maybe you need to go out and try something new.

　　答案与解析

　　1．C　从下一句We are learning from life constantly...可知。

　　2．F　从上一句Don't limit yourself to your hometown...可知

　　3．D　从上一句There are definitely things...可知

　　4．A　根据本段中的Widen your circle...可知

　　5．G　根据下一句It can be as simple...可知

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　On keeping a Diary in English

　　Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.

　　__2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__ (little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. __4__ we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many __5__ (difficult). In the first place, __6__ often happens that we have trouble __7__ (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.

　　As far as I am__8__ (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is __9__ great use to keep a diary in English for __10__ development of our writing skills.

　　答案与解析

　　1．effective　形容词作定语。

　　2．compared　compared with 与……相比。

　　3．less　该空与 shorter 并列，故用比较级形式 less。

　　4．If　if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。

　　5．difficulties　many 后跟复数名词。

　　6．it　it 作形式主语。

　　7．finding　have trouble (in) doing sth. 有困难做某事。

　　8．concerned　As far as one is concerned 就……而言。

　　9．of　of great use 很有用。

　　10．the　该空为特指，故用定冠词 the。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　Last weekend my sister went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. Three hours ago, with full bags of goods in both hands, she headed for nearby bus stop, tiring and hungry. She was waiting for the bus while it began to rain. After what seemed ages, came a bus, crowded of passengers. When it was her turn to get on the bus, someone said, “Sorry, no more rooms.” Quite disappointed, my sister had to take a taxi. Half way home, however, the taxi broke out. Hardly had he got out of the taxi when a bus passed by. It was empty, but she had been missed it! What an unluckily day!

　　答案

　　Last weekend my sister went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. Three hours ， with full bags of goods in both hands, she headed for

　　nearby bus stop,

　　and hungry. She was waiting for the bus

　　it began to rain. After what seemed ages, came a bus, crowded

　　passengers. When it was her turn to get on the bus, someone said, “Sorry, no more .” Quite disappointed, my sister had to take a taxi. Half way home, however, the taxi broke . Hardly had

　　got out of the taxi when a bus passed by. It was empty, but she had

　　missed it! What an

　　day!