2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业19

　　课时作业19　Body language

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2017·湖北省荆州市质检Ⅰ)

　　If you are sending a text, watching the TV or listening to the radio, you may want to stop and give this your full attention. Multi­tasking shrinks(萎缩) the brain, research suggests.

　　A study found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain.

　　University of Sussex researchers said：“simultaneously using mobile phones, laptops and other media devices could be changing the structure of our brains.” Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion.

　　The finding follows research which has linked multi­tasking with a shortened attention span (持续时间)，depression, anxiety and lower grades at school.

　　The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)．

　　The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, is the first to make a link between multi­tasking and the structure of the brain.

　　Researcher Kep Kee Loh said：“Media multi­tasking is becoming more prevalent in our lives today and there is increasing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social­emotional well­being.” “He added that more research is needed to prove that multi­tasking shrinks the brain. This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more drawn to using lots of gadgets simultaneously.” Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team commissioned a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99 and found 20 percent had problems with memory. Researchers were taken aback by the 14 percent of 18 to 39­year­olds who also worried about their memories.

　　Multi­tasking with gadgets may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.

　　1．What's the main idea of this passage?

　　A．Multi­tasking shortens attention span.

　　B．Multi­tasking makes your brain smaller.

　　C．Multi­tasking has harmful effects on our memory.

　　D．Multi­tasking is becoming more and more popular.

　　2．What does the underlined word “simultaneously” (in Paragraph 3) mean?

　　A．frequently B．now and then

　　C．in the meantime

　　D．for a long time

　　3．What's the opinion of Kep Kee Loh on media multi­tasking?

　　A．people with less grey matter are more willing to use gadgets lots.

　　B．Whether multi­tasking shrinks the brain remains to be studied further.

　　C．Multi­tasking with gadgets makes it harder to focus and form memories.

　　D．Media multi­tasking affects on our cognition and social­emotional well­being.

　　4．Researchers believe that multi­tasking may cause people to be ________.

　　A．attentive

　　B．addicted

　　C．absent­minded

　　D．intelligent

　　答案与解析

　　1．B　主旨大意题。从全文内容归纳可知B项正确。

　　2．C　词义猜测题。从画线后的using mobile phones, laptops and other media devices...可知simultaneously 的含义为in the meantime(与此同时)。

　　3．B　细节理解题。从倒数第二段中He added that more research is needed to prove that multi­tasking shrinks the brain. 可知B项正确。

　　4．C　细节理解题。从最后一段中Multi­tasking with gadgets may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories...可知C项正确。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填句

　　(2017·辽宁省沈阳二中月考)

　　Britain's High Streets are Dying Slowly

　　Twenty years ago, the prosperous high street (繁华商业区) was the heart of most cities. It was crowded with customers. __1__ Nowadays, high streets are declining, with very few shops and shoppers. With about 14 shops down every day, Britain's high streets are dying little by little.

　　__2__ It's fairly easy to understand. To start with, people are spending less because of the economic recession (衰退). On top of that, more and more people are using the Internet to do their shopping. And it is not easy for shopkeepers in the high streets, either. __3__ Finally, there are the out­of­town retail parks with free car parking that sell just about everything at very low prices.

　　What can be done? Prime Minister David Cameron has hired Mary Portas, a British business woman and star of TV show Mary Queen of Shops, to bring some life back into Britain's high streets. She's talked about creating “magnets (磁石)” to attract people back to the centre. __4__ In one town, a bicycle rickshaw (人力车) service is delivering people's shopping to their homes. __5__， where children can be cared for while parents are shopping.

　　Members of the public have also voiced their opinions.“My ideal shopping center is one where there's a wide selection of attractive looking shops, with cheap parking and good public transport links，” said a 28­year­old­ man.“I'd like to see Night Shopping evenings where shops are open through to 10 p．m. or later，” said a 22­year­old girl.

　　A．They have to pay increasing high rents.

　　B．But he is not the only one to solve the problem.

　　C．But that's all changed.

　　D．In another town, they set up night shopping centers.

　　E．In another town, they set up a nursery.

　　F．They can make a fortune overnight.

　　G．Why are high streets in such a desperate situation?

　　答案与解析

　　本文讲述的是英国繁华的商业区正走向衰落。

　　1．C　根据上文提到It was crowded with customers. 充满了顾客，再根据下文提到Nowadays, high streets are declining, with very few shops and shoppers. 没有几个人和商店可知已经发生改变，故选C项。

　　2．G　根据下文提到To start with, people are spending less because of the economic recession(衰退). 可知在问为什么如此萧条，故选G项。

　　3．A　根据上文提到And it is not easy for shopkeepers in the high streets, either 对于店主来说也不容易，故选A，他们不得不支付高额的租金。

　　4．B　根据上文提到She's talked about creating “magnets(磁石)” to attract people back to the centre. 她提到创造磁石来吸引人们回来，故选B，但这不是唯一的需要解决的问题。

　　5．E　根据上文提到In one town, a bicycle rickshaw(人力车) service is delivering people's shopping to their homes 一个小镇，用人力车把人们送回来，故选E，另外一个小镇建立了幼儿园。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　(2017·山西大学附中月考)

　　Scientists have found that pesticides(农药) harm the ability of bees to find food. Bees must learn which flowers contain their food from the smells of the flowers. __1__ the bees do not learn which smells mean food, they will starve. Researchers in Britain found that pesticides __2__(use) by farmers and gardeners can switch off the part of a bee's brain that is responsible __3__ associating smells with food. Lead researcher Dr. Geraldine Wright said pesticides could seriously impact the __4__ (survive) of honeybee colonies. She said, “Bees that cannot learn will not be able to find food.” This also __5__(mean) beens will not pollinate(给……授粉) crops and wild plants.

　　Bee populations around the world have been declining. Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason __6__ so many bees are disappearing. This new research may be __7__ important clue. However, the British government does not want to stop the use of the pesticides that may prevent bees from learning. __8__ wants to carry out more tests to make sure pesticides are the real reason for the decrease in the number of bees. A spokeswoman from the Friends of The Earth charity said the government must act __9__(soon) rather than later. “Bee health is far too urgent to wait __10__ more research has been completed. Controls should be placed on these pesticides until bee safety can be guaranteed，” she said.

　　答案与解析

　　1．If　if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。

　　2．used　pesticides 与 use 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。

　　3．for　be responsible for 对……负责。

　　4．survival　名词作宾语。

　　5．means　根据上下文时态可知用一般现在时。

　　6．why　先行词为reason，定语从句中缺状语，故用why 引导。

　　7．an　表示“数量一”，用不定冠词。

　　8．It　it 代替the British government.

　　9．sooner　根据than 可知用比较级。

　　10．until　until 引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……为止”。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　My name is Julie. As a nurse I work in a school to make sure that our children are health and able to learn. I work with teachers, school doctors and other to offer them some advices and help them when they had difficulties. I enjoy my job because I love being with children. They are very active and lovely. I am very glad stay with them so I feel much young than before. They are honest about what they feel—glad or sad. When children are ill, I try my best to take a good care of them. When they are sad, I always make them happy. They also love me but sometimes give me apples and candies by return.

　　答案

　　My name is Julie. As a nurse I work in a school to make sure that our children are

　　and able to learn. I work with teachers, school doctors and

　　to offer them some

　　and help them when they

　　difficulties. I enjoy my job because I love being with children. They are very active and lovely. I am very glad

　　stay with them so I feel much

　　than before. They are honest about

　　they feel—glad or sad. When children are ill, I try my best to take

　　good care of them. When they are sad, I always make them happy. They also love me

　　sometimes give me apples and candies

　　return.

　　Ⅴ.书面表达

　　随着互联网的发展和流行，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了。某英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论中学生网上购物的问题。请结合实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件，谈谈你对中学生网购的看法。

　　1．网上购物的好处(比如方便快捷，节省时间，价格低等)。

　　2．网上购物的缺点(比如快递比较耗时，无法试穿试用，质量得不到保证等)。

　　3．中学生对网购应该持什么样的态度。

　　注意：

　　1．词数100左右，开头结尾已为你写好；

　　2．网购的好处与缺点至少各两点；

　　3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　4．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。

　　Dear Editor，

　　With the development and popularity of the Internet, online shopping has become more and more common in China.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Mike

　　范文

　　Dear_Editor，

　　With_the_development_and_popularity_of_the_Internet,_online_shopping_has_become_more_and_more_common_in_China. I'm writing to share my views about online shopping.

　　On the one hand, I believe it's convenient and economical. With the help of online shopping, we can buy things we want at home with a click of the mouse instead of going to the shopping mall. Besides, we might save money by comparing the price of goods sold in different online shops.

　　On the other hand, it might lead to many problems. For one thing, your package can't always reach you on time due to various unexpected reasons. For another, you can't try on the clothes to see if they fit you or not like you do when shopping in a real shop.

　　All in all, I hold that high school students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping in order to avoid wasting money or buying things of poor quality.

　　Yours_sincerely，

　　Mike