2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业27

　　课时作业27　Poems

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Sensing phantom phone vibrations(手机虚幻震动) is a strangely common experience. Around 80% of us have imagined a phone vibrating in our pockets when it's actually completely still. Almost 30% of us have also heard non­existent ringing. Are these signs of madness caused by digital culture? Not at all. In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology.

　　Psychologists use a concept called Signal Detection Theory to guide their thinking about the problem of perceptual(感知的) judgments. Working through the example of phone vibrations, we can see how this theory explains why they are a common and unavoidable part of healthy mental function.

　　When your phone is in your pocket, the world is in one of two possible states the phone is either ringing or not. You also have two possible states of mind the judgment that the phone is ringing, or the judgment that it isn't. Obviously you'd like to match these states in the correct way. True vibrations should go with “it's ringing”， and no vibrations should go with “it's_not_ringing”. Singal detection theory calls these faithful matches a “hit” and a “correct rejection”．

　　But there are two other possible combinations you could mismatch true vibrations with “it's not ringing”(a “miss”); or mismatch the absence of vibrations with “it's ringing”(a “false alarm”). This second kind of mismatch is what's going on when you imagine a phantom phone vibration.

　　What does that mean in terms of your phone? We can assume that people like to notice when their phone is ringing, and that most people hate missing a call. This means their perceptual systems have adjusted their bias(偏向)to a level that makes misses unlikely. The unavoidable cost is a raised likelihood of false alarms of phantom phone vibrations.

　　The trade­off between false alarms and misses also explains why we all have to put up with fire alarms going off when there isn't a fire. It isn't that the alarms are badly designed, but rather that they are very sensible to smoke and heat and biased to avoid missing a real fire at all costs. The outcome is a rise in the number of false alarms. These are inconvenient, but nowhere near as inconvenient as burning to death in your bed or office.The_alarms_are_designed_to_err_on_the_side_of_caution.

　　1．The writer tries to explain phantom phone vibrations ________.

　　A．by analyzing some facts

　　B．by giving some examples

　　C．from the angle of biology

　　D．from the angle of psychology

　　2．According to the writer, the sense of phantom phone vibration is ________.

　　A．strange and mad

　　B．harmful but avoidable

　　C．common and unavoidable

　　D．universal but unhealthy

　　3．When we judge correctly that “it's not ringing”，this is called a “________”．

　　A．hit　B．miss

　　C．false alarm

　　D．correct rejection

　　4．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．Better late than never.

　　B．Better safe than sorry.

　　C．Fight over the smallest things.

　　D．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

　　答案与解析

　　本文主要论述的是遥感影像的手机振动(手机虚幻震动)是一个奇怪的共同经验。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology.可知选D。

　　2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段we can see how this theory explains why they are a common and unavoidable part of healthy mental function 可知选C。

　　3．D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Singal detection theory calls these faithful matches a “hit” and a “correct rejection”．可知选D。

　　4．B　句意理解题。根据最后一段的These are inconvenient, but nowhere near as inconvenient as burning to death in your bed or office.可知选B。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填句

　　(2017·河南省淇县一中月考)

　　I believe that one of the best ways to connect with people and build quality relationships is through making conversation. Although most people can hold a conversation, only a few are smooth when they talk. I have discovered five simple and effective ways to be a smooth talker. Here they are：

　　Talk slowly

　　Generally, good talkers don't rush into a conversation. __1__ They act as if they have all the time in the world. This makes them come off as centered and collected. Model this way of talking and you will create the same effect.

　　Hold more eye contact

　　Most people keep eye contact about 2/3 of the time or less when they talk. __2__ This will convey confidence and interest in interacting with them.

　　__3__

　　People with good conversation skills tend to notice the kind of things that the average person doesn't notice, and to bring such details into the conversation. They may notice and point out an interesting ring on the other person's hand, a certain foreign accent, or a certain voice tone they use when saying a name. Thus, such individulas impress people in a very elegant manner.

　　Express Your emotions

　　__4__ Express your feelings about those facts. Keep in mind that it is at the emotional level that people connect best.

　　Use the best words

　　The ability to talk smoothly has a lot to do with choosing the precise words to convey your precise feelings or thoughts. __5__ It will help you develop a way with words and allow you to express yourself more easily.

　　Conversational skills don't improve just like that. It takes time, practice and the ability to learn at a rapid rate from your own experiences.

　　A．Don't just present the facts, you're not a newspaper.

　　B．It's a very good idea to hold eye contact just a bit more than that.

　　C．Notice the details.

　　D．It is important to improve conversational skills.

　　E．Offer interesting news.

　　F．They take their time when they reflect on something and when they say it out loud.

　　G．Develop your vocabulary and practice communicating as accurately as possible.

　　答案与解析

　　讲话是一门艺术，在本文中作者就如何和别人沟通，给人们提出了一些有效的建议。比如，讲话速度要慢，要有目光的对视，要善于表达自己的感情，而且还要使用合适的词汇。

　　1．F　根据本段小标题Talk slow 判断在本段中作者建议人们要说话时放慢语速，给自己一个思考的时间，而F选项内容They take their time when they reflect on something and when they say it out loud. 也提到了给自己反应的时间，内容符合语境，填F。

　　2．B　本段小标题Hold more eye contact 建议人们要有目光的接触，而B选项It's a very good idea to hold eye contact just a bit more than that. 也是给出同样的建议，故答案选B。

　　3．C　根据本段中and to bring such details into the conversation. 可以判断内容和细节有关，提醒读者在讲话时要注重细节。由此判断C选项内容可以概括本段中心，选C。

　　4．A　从后句Express your feelings about those facts. 判断A选项内容Don't just present the facts, you're not a newspaper. 符合语境，facts 是提示信息，故选A。

　　5．G　本段是建议人们要使用最佳词汇，而G选项内容Develop your vocabulary and practice communicating as accurately as possible. 也是建议人们要扩大词汇，要用词准确，内容可以承接上下文，选G。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　Have you heard of a student awarded master's degree? Of course. But the following student is quite different. Because she is __1__ blind and dead. She is a combination of disabilities that is one of the most severe known __2__ mankind. Mrs Michelle Smithdas __3__ (enjoy) a special success when she was awarded a master's degree at teachers' College, New York, in the spring of 2005.

　　She did it with a lot of help from a lot of friends and __4__ (volunteer). Michelle, who received her degree in education of blind and visually impaired (受损的) learners, was believed

　　to be the first to gain a graduate degree from a top, famous university. She is an __5__ (instruct) at the Helen Keller National Centre in Sands Poit, New York, __6__ she teaches Braille, vocabulary, sign language and __7__ communication skills to those who are deaf­blind like her. For five years, she was driven to and from New York City for her classes by Mrs Linda Stillman, who also served __8__ her interpreter. During classes, Mrs Stillman would sit next to Michelle and hold her hand, using the manual alphabet (also known as finger­spelling) to communicate. Michelle also participated fully in class, going on all field trips and __9__ (ask) questions in class. Outside class, many of her friends and helpers helped her read text books and write research papers.

　　According to one professor at Teachers' College, Michelle was __10__ only a fine student but also an inspiration to us all.

　　答案与解析

　　1．both　both...and...既……又……。

　　2．to　be known to sb. 为某人所知。

　　3．enjoyed　根据 when she was awarded...可知用一般过去时。

　　4．volunteers　该空用复数名词。

　　5．instructor　名词作表语。instructor指导员。

　　6．where　先行词为地点名词，定语从句中缺状语，故用 where 引导。

　　7．other　该空表示“其它的”，故用 other。

　　8．as　serve as 充当。

　　9．asking　该空与 going 并列。

　　10．not　not only...but also 不仅……而且……。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　(2017·太原五中月考)

　　I, together with my two friends, were eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York. I noticed the young woman eating with two kids. We stopped by and I asked the kids if he believed in Santa. The elder boy, whom was about seven years old, pointed his younger sister and said, “She does, but I don't.” I told them Santa was real and as we were paying for our dinner, I paid for theirs, either. I didn't know that whether the woman was alone, but I grow up with my mother supporting us four kids alone. I still feel good thinking I may have helped on some small ways.

　　答案