2016届高考英语人教版一轮复习：课时作业40

　　课时作业40　Meeting your ancestors

　　.阅读理解

　　(2017·河北省衡水中学四调)

　　Four schoolchildren from Belgrade, England were out on their bikes on Wednesday evening. Unexpectedly, they saw an elderly man grasping for breath(喘息) in the street. They tried to call the police and ambulance service, but their phones were not working, due to network problems.

　　Before the Polish man became unconscious, the children kept him calm while they flagged down(招停)a passing driver. The children used words they had picked up from their Polish classmates to translate the injured man's answers to the driver's questions. Gary, 10, and his six­year­old sister, Lily, stayed with the man while Thymus and Owen, both 11, led the ambulance to the spot where he lay. Soon the man was taken to hospital.

　　The fantastic four children who came to the aid of the elderly man deserve the highest respect for their quick­thinking and courage in an emergency situation. They are a credit not only to themselves, but to their families and their school. And it is great to be able to hear such a positive story about young people.

　　What is not so positive about this story is the fact that several adults apparently walked by without stopping to help. This seeming indifference to an emergency situation is a well noted phenomenon which psychologists sometimes refer to as “the bystander effect”. Research suggests that when a group of people witness an emergency, people are likely to assume that somebody else will intervene and they feel that the burden of responsibility is lifted from their shoulders.

　　Perhaps the answer to this sort of things is to introduce a “Good Samaritan” law. This already exists in France and places a legal responsibility on people who witness an emergency situation to help out as long as they can do so. This certainly seems to remove any doubt about who bears the burden of responsibility for offering assistance—everyone.

　　1．What can we learn about the elderly man?

　　A．He spoke Polish with the children.

　　B．He fell from his bike and got injured.

　　C．He was taken to hospital by the driver.

　　D．He recovered consciousness in the street.

　　2．In Paragraph 3, the author mainly ________.

　　A．shows his great sympathy for the man

　　B．gives high praise to the four children

　　C．offers his special thanks to the driver

　　D．expresses his anger at several adults

　　3．The underlined word “intervene” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A．be curious B．go on

　　C．give up

　　D．get involved

　　4．In France, if an emergency happens to someone，________.

　　A．offering help to him is required by law

　　B．people have the right to leave the scene

　　C．others must get permission before helping him

　　D．the witnesses will be punished if the rescue fails

　　答案与解析

　　本文是关于四个孩子帮助一位波兰老人，用他们所学到的知识来送老人去医院的事，这些孩子应得到表扬，这些事在不同的国家有不同的看法。

　　1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段提到The children used words they had picked up from their Polish classmates to translate the injured man's answers to the driver's questions. 孩子用他们从说波兰语同学那学到的波兰语翻译这位老人的答案给司机，故选A项。

　　2．B　段落大意题。第三段主要在讲四个神奇的孩子给老人以援助，因为他们的快速思考和对策而应得到尊敬，这不仅仅对他们自己来说是个认可，对他们的家庭和学校也是一种认可，对于年轻人来说听到这样的故事是很有鼓励性的，故选B项。

　　3．D　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段提到Research suggests that when a group of people witness an emergency, people are likely to assume that somebody else will intervene and they feel that the burden of responsibility is lifted from their shoulders 研究者说，当一群人目击紧急事件时，他们会感觉其他人会出面干涉，他们没有责任，故选D项。

　　4．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段提到This already exists in France and places a legal responsibility on people who witness an emergency situation to help out as long as they can do so. 这种事在法国，如果帮助陷入困境的人会负法律责任，故选A项。

　　.完形填空

　　A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China—“tuhao”．

　　It's being used to describe __1__ from the new building of People's Daily to expensive __2__ weddings full of millionaires, and the new gold­colored iPhone.

　　In Chinese “tu” means __3__， and “hao” means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to __4__ they come from a poor __5__ background, and have made it rich quick—but don't quite have the manners to __6__ it.

　　“Tuhao” is __7__ an old word—dating back perhaps as __8__ as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago—but __9__ has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and the gentry (乡绅) who would often do bad things to those __10__ them.

　　This new usage of the term __11__ in September after a widely­shared __12__ about a rich, but __13__ man, who went to a Buddhist monk for advice, __14__ to be told how to live a more simple life. The monk replied __15__ with the phrase “Tuhao, let's be friends！”

　　Chinese __16__ users are highly creative in their use of language, and are __17__ inventing, and reinventing words as a way of getting past censorship (审查) rules. But in this __18__， its popularity seems to be down to the fact __19__ it encapsulates (概括) China's changing society so well—many people laugh at those with wealth, but are __20__ jealous.

　　1．A.everybody 　B．everything

　　C．everywhere

　　D．everyone

　　2．A.ability

　　B．security

　　C．celebrity

　　D．safety

　　3．A.earth

　　B．sky

　　C．space

　　D．ash

　　4．A.announce

　　B．cry

　　C．remember

　　D．imply

　　5．A.peasant

　　B．soldier

　　C．scholar

　　D．teacher

　　6．A.put up with

　　B．get away with

　　C．come up with

　　D．go along with

　　7．A.finally

　　B．eventually

　　C．actually

　　D．lately

　　8．A.long

　　B．far

　　C．high

　　D．late

　　9．A.it

　　B．he

　　C．she

　　D．any

　　10．A.above

　　B．beside

　　C．beneath

　　D．in

　　11．A.took up

　　B．took down

　　C．took off

　　D．took in

　　12．A.news

　　B．joke

　　C．accident

　　D．history

　　13．A.unhappy

　　B．happy

　　C．unlucky

　　D．lucky

　　14．A.expecting

　　B．imagining

　　C．counting

　　D．dreaming

　　15．A.still

　　B．even

　　C．rather

　　D．instead

　　16．A.Internet

　　B．TV

　　C．telephone

　　D．blog

　　17．A.quickly

　　B．slowly

　　C．constantly

　　D．unconsciously

　　18．A.expedition

　　B．case

　　C．exploration

　　D．environment

　　19．A.how

　　B．why

　　C．that

　　D．when

　　20．A.openly

　　B．publicly

　　C．closely

　　D．secretly

　　答案与解析

　　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉语中 tuhao (土豪)一词的来源。“土豪”原指在旧社会乡里横行霸道的地主和乡绅，后被网友广泛用来指那些有钱的人。

　　1．B　从空后的“from the new building of People's

　　Daily...and the new gold­colored iPhone”可知，此处指的是物，故用 everything。

　　2．C　根据语境并结合后面的“full of millionaires”可知，此处指豪华的“名人”婚礼。

　　3．A　根据常识可知，汉语中“土”的本意是“土地”，因此选A项。

　　4．D　说某人是土豪即暗示他们有贫农背景。imply “暗示”，符合语境。

　　5．A　根据上下文并结合常识可知，与土地打交道的是农民，因此用 peasant “农民”。

　　6．D　根据 but 的转折语气同时结合文中对土豪的介绍可知，此处指土豪的行为举止与其富有程度不配，因此选D项。

　　7．C　根据语境可知，此处指土豪一词实际上并不是新词，所以用 actually “事实上，实际上”。

　　8．B　as far as＋时间点表示“远至……”，符合语境。

　　9．A　用 it 代指上文提到的“tuhao”。

　　10．C　这些地主阶级和乡绅欺压比他们社会地位低的百姓，所以用 beneath，表示“在……以下”。

　　11．C　本段是对“土豪”一词再次走红的介绍，这里用 took off 表示“(观念等)突然流行”，符合语境。

　　12．B　由本段后面的内容可推断，故事内容不合逻辑，带有调侃，故这是流传的“笑话”。选B项。

　　13．A　此处 but 表示“转折”，故用 unhappy，表示这个富人虽有钱但并不开心。

　　14．A　富人想过更简单的生活，“期望”从修行的僧侣那儿得到答案。故选A项。

　　15．D　由后文可知，禅师回答的不是这个富人所期望的，因此用 instead “反而”。

　　16．A　此处指中国网民在语言使用上极富创造性，他们常常对语言进行创造和再创造，以此来规避审查。应选A项。

　　17．C　结合语境并根据“inventing”可知，应用 constantly “始终，一直”，表示一直都在进行的动作。

　　18．B　此处指就土豪这个例子来说。case “实例”，符合语境。

　　19．C　fact 后跟同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的具体内容，故用 that 引导。

　　20．D　此处“but”表示转折，故选D项。很多人嘲讽富人，但暗地里却在妒忌。

　　.语法填空

　　Everyone may have a complex and different process of growing up. There are many influential factors in a person's growth and __1__ (develop) of his personality.

　　As for me, __2__ has affected me most in my growth and personality is my family and friends, the two __3__ (equal) important factors. After I was __4__(bear) my family is the first surroundings. It plays a significant role __5__ shaping my character because it's the most direct source of knowledge and experience for me. As we know, those who are brought __6__ in good families tend to have a good character and vice versa. Fortunately, I belong to __7__ former. Besides, friends in some ways influence me a lot. Although, we may have many different opinions and personalities, I have really learnt

　　something __8__ (benefit) from them.

　　Frankly __9__ (speak), I get lots of valuable things from my family and friends. My family offers me wearmth and cares, while my friends give me __10__ (strong) and courage. Therefore, both of them have influenced me most in my growth.

　　答案与解析

　　1．development　名词作宾语。

　　2．what　what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。

　　3．equally　修饰形容词用程度副词。equally同样地。

　　4．born　be born出生。

　　5．in　play a significant role in在……中起重大作用。

　　6．up　bring up养大，抚养。

　　7．the　the former前者。

　　8．beneficial　形容词作定语。something beneficial一些有益的事。

　　9．speaking　frankly speaking坦白地说。

　　10．strength　名词作宾语。strength力量。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　Grain, which is used to be the main food of most people in China, is now playing a more important role. On the other hand, meat and fish has increased rapidly. The changes in diet can be accounted by three main reason. First, people are much wealthier than before. By higher income, they can afford to buy good foods. Second, people have realized the importance of balanced diet to their health. Lack in certain amount of meat, for example, will result in poor health. Finally, because of the economic reform, meat, chicken, fish or milk, which were scarce in the past, were produced in large quantities now. We believe that as far as the effort continues in reform and development, there will be greater changes in people's diet in the future.

　　答案