2016高考英语人教新课标一轮复习知识排查突破及精选练习附答案（必修5U3）

　　（新课标）2016高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破

　　book 5 Unit 3 Life in the future 新人教版

　　重点识记词汇 1.speed up加速2.aspect n．方面；层面

　　3．motivation n．动机

　　4.desert n．沙漠；荒原

　　5．fasten vt.系牢；扎牢

　　6.lose sight of...看不见……

　　7．sweep up 打扫；横扫

　　8.take up拿起；接受；开始；继续

　　9．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用

　　10.switch n．开关；转换 vt.转换

　　11．enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的

　　12.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……

　　13．guide n．指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导

　　14.greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的

　　15．be back on one’s feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原

　　16．uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的

　　17．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologist n．生态学家

　　18．previous adj.在前的；早先的→previously adv.在前；早先

　　19．guide n．指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导→guidance n．指引；指导

　　20．surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕

　　21．combination n．结合；组合→combine vi.联合；结合；化合 vt.使化合；使联合；使结合→combined adj.结合的

　　22．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍；宽容

　　23．adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；使适应

　　24．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地

　　25．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；资讯→pressure n．压力

　　26．lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西→lacking adj.缺乏的

　　27．exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的→exhaust vt.耗尽

　　28．optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的→optimism n．乐观→pessimism n．(反义词)悲观→pessimistic adj.悲观(主义)的

　　29．moveable adj.可移动的；活动的→move v．& n．移动

　　30．receiver n．接受者；接收器；电话听筒→receive vt.接到；收到；接待

　　31．efficiency n．效率；功效→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的

　　32．instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上

　　33．representative n．代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的→represent v．代表

　　34．settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决→settler n．定居者

　　必背经典句式 1.However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

　　然而，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多的客车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。

　　2．Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

　　我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。

　　必背经典句式 3.“Put on this mask，” he advised.“It’ll

　　make you feel much better.”

　　“把这个面罩带上，”他告诉我，“它会使你感觉好些。”

　　4．Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.

　　苏不敢在她的卧室里睡觉。

　　5．No more typists working on a typewriter or computer！No more postage or postcodes!

　　再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了， 再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了。

　　构词记忆 　hardship /hɑːdʃIp/ n．[C]&[U]苦难；困苦；苦事

　　membership /membəʃIp/ n．[C]&[U]会员资格；会员人数

　　ownership /əʊnəʃIp/ n．[U]所有(权)；所有制

　　relationship /rIleIʃənʃIp/ n．[C]&[U]关系；联系

　　.词汇与派生

　　A．语境填词

　　1．Are you optimistic(乐观的) or pessimistic if you are facing the life of future?

　　2．If you press(按) the button，the machine will start.

　　3．I don’t like this radio play—Let’s switch(转换) to another programme.

　　4．Lack(缺乏)of vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms.

　　5．He guided(指引) us through the narrow streets to the central mosque.

　　6．On her way to school，the little girl constantly(时常地) went to see the famous scientist.

　　7．He took up his settlement(定居) in a new house.

　　8．I don’t know about the motivation(动机)of their research.

　　9．They have no children together，but each has a son from a previous(从前的) marriage.

　　10．I told him I wasn’t going to tolerate(容忍) his drinking any longer.

　　11．Please fasten(系上) your seat belts tightly as we are landing shortly.

　　12．Judy and Jane are twin girls，but they are different from each other in many aspects(方面)．

　　B．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　13．After the heavy rain，the path before my house became muddy，and my shoes were covered with mud.(mud)

　　14．I always dream of having house surrounded by trees and flowers.If we can live in such beautiful surroundings，we must have a happy feeling every day.The surrounding things always have an effect on our mood.(surround)

　　15．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.(impress)

　　16．The famous ecologist insisted that something should be done to protect the ecology.(ecology)

　　.短语运用

　　A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

　　17．To keep healthy，Professor Smith took up cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.

　　18．Farmers suffering from drought or floods would get more payments.

　　19．The child lost sight of his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly.

　　20．The Internet is widely used，which speeds up the development of English.

　　21．Their house，which is similar to ours，has a bigger garden.

　　22．After his wife’s death it took him two years to be back on his feet.

　　B．用方框内所给短语填空

　　23．He wanted to leave school for lack of money.

　　24．Hearing what they said，he smiled in no time.

　　25．When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in all directions.

　　26．All singers kept together.As a result，their performance was successful.

　　.经典句式

　　27．They finally reached what was called “a lonely island”．

　　他们终于来到了一个叫“孤岛”的地方。

　　28．After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.

　　长途跋涉后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。

　　29．Nobody dared raise the opposite opinion.

　　没有人敢提出反对的意见。

　　30．No more time to us! No more youth for us to cost!

　　再也没有光阴和青春给我们挥霍了！

　　31．The boss made the workers work from dawn to dark every day.

　　老板每天都让工人们从黎明一直工作到天黑。

　　1 guide n.指南；指导；导游；向导a person who shows the way；vt.给某人领路show the way；指引，指导direct；影响influence；解释，阐明explain

　　[多词一义]　guide，direct，lead，instruct

　　guide sb.to...引导某人到……

　　under one’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下

　　We’ve arranged a walking tour of the city with your guide.

　　我们已安排大家在你的带领下步行游览这座城市。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　It was she that guided the blind man to the street.

　　②Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.

　　(2)We were guided by a local guide and visited the famous church.

　　①Guided by a local guide，we visited the famous church.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

　　With a local guide guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用with复合结构改写句子)

　　A local guide guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用独立主格结构改写句子)

　　2 lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有have none or not enough；n.缺乏；短缺的东西

　　[多词一义]　lack，be lacking in，be short of

　　a lack of缺少……

　　for/through lack of因缺少……

　　no lack of ……充足的

　　be lacking in...在……方面缺乏

　　lack for sth.缺少某物

　　Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.

　　他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。

　　It lacks the power of the Italian cars.

　　它没有意大利汽车动力强劲。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)The green hand is lacking in practical experience.

　　The green hand is short of practical experience.(用short改写句子)

　　(2)He lacks confidence.

　　He is lacking in confidence.(用lacking改写句子)

　　(3)Lack of confidence makes his father worried.

　　What makes his father worried is his lack of confidence.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子)

　　3 press n.压，按，挤；记者journalists；资讯界newspapers or magazines；v.按，压push；催促；敦促

　　press sth.on sb.把想法等强加于……

　　press...against把……压/贴在……上

　　in/at press在印刷中

　　off press已出版；已发行

　　under pressure在压力下

　　put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力

　　She pressed her guests to stay a little longer.

　　她力劝客人们多待一会儿。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　With one problem pressing on his mind，he felt stressed(stress)．

　　You need to be able to work accurately under pressure.

　　(2)Under pressure from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

　　Pressed from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

　　4 optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的

　　be optimistic about/that...对……乐观

　　be pessimistic about对……悲观

　　She’s not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.她对会谈的结果不太乐观。

　　The president says she is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.

　　总统说她对很快达成协议持乐观态度。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here.

　　(2)The experts are optimistic about our success.

　　The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.(改为复合句)

　　5 instant adj.立即的；立刻的；速食的；n.瞬间；片刻

　　[应试指导]　the instant，instantly的连词用法

　　[多词一义]　the instant，the moment，the minute，the second，immediately，directly

　　in an instant立刻，马上

　　at that instant当时，那一刻

　　for an instant片刻，一会儿

　　instantly/the instant that一……就……用作连词，引导时间状语从句

　　I need an instant reply.我需要立即答复。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)根据汉语提示填空

　　He stayed at his friend’s ①for an instant (一会儿) and left there in an instant(马上)．The instant/Instantly (一……就……)he got home，he closed the door and was lost in thought.

　　(2)Instantly I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

　　No sooner had I seen him than I knew he was the man the police were looking for.(用no sooner...than...改为倒装句)

　　6 take up拿起pick up，lift；接受accept；开始；继续continue；占用fill or use space or time；从事

　　[应试指导]　take短语语境词义辨析

　　take down拆除；写下

　　take on呈现；雇用；承担

　　take over接管；承袭

　　take off脱掉；起飞；成功；开始流行

　　take...into consideration/account把……考虑进去

　　He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。

　　[夯实基础]

　　选择方框内的短语填空

　　(1)I put the telephone down and took up my work again.

　　(2)It successfully took over sky news，a popular news channel running in the UK since 1989.

　　(3)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.

　　(4)He took off his glasses and blinked at them.

　　7 speed up加速；加快

　　at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速

　　at a speed of以……速度

　　pick up/gather speed加速

　　slow down减速

　　We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.

　　我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。

　　Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.

　　更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用speed及其相关短语完成下列小片段

　　Yesterday Tom was driving home at a speed of (以……速度)150kph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined because of speeding (超速)．Therefore，on the rest way，he had to slow down (减速)．

　　1 Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

　　过去分词短语在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动与完成关系。

　　Given a wrong number，I couldn’t contact him over phone.因为给错了号码，所以我没能够与他电话联系上。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Well managed (manage)，his business soon took off.

　　(2)The woman scientist entered the room，followed (follow) by her assistants.

　　(3)Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.

　　(4)Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

　　2Well，now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.哦，现在有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。

　　这是一个主从复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。where还可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，environment，activity，race，job，scene等。

　　He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.

　　他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.

　　(2)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.

　　3单元语法——语法填空

　　(1)His satisfied (satisfy) look suggested that he was satisfied with the result.

　　(2)We are doing our written (write) exercises when he cleans the fallen (fall) leaves.

　　(3)Mr.Smith，tired (tire) of the boring speech，started to read a novel.

　　(4)Sent (send) to the hospital immediately，the wounded (wound) soldier was saved.

　　(5)Given (give) time，he’ll make a first­class tennis player.

　　高考题组

　　.短文改错(2010·浙江)

　　After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.They ate silently，and it was clearly that things were not going well.As we left，Mother stopped on their table.“Excuse me，”she said，put her arm around the unhappy old woman.“You remind me so many of my mother.May I hug(拥抱) you？”The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did me，”said Mother cheerfully.

　　答案

　　After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I

　　Mother looking at a nearby table

　　by an elderly woman and

　　young couple.They ate silently，and it was

　　that things were not going well.As we left，Mother stopped

　　their table.“Excuse me，”she said， her arm around the unhappy old woman.“You remind me so

　　of my mother.May I hug(拥抱) you？”The woman smiled happily as she accepted to　 it.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother. I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did ，”said Mother cheerfully.

　　.写作常用句翻译

　　1．风筝一直飘在空中那是因为它被系在一个卷轴上，否则，它会立刻失去平衡最终撞到地面上。(instantly)(2017·上海·书面表达)

　　A kite stays afloat because it’s attached to a reel；otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground.

　　2．作为一名年轻的学生，我建议Global Mirror应该多刊载一些指导我们学习英语的文章。(guide)(2011·大纲全国·书面表达)

　　As a young student，I suggest that Global Mirror(should) carry articles to guide us in our English learning.

　　模拟题组

　　.语法填空

　　1．He told me to press(press) the button to pause.

　　2．We made a switch to our schedule to go swimming when it started to rain.

　　3．You see the lightning the instant

　　it happens(happen)，but you hear the thunder later.

　　4．We could hardly believe what she says because she is constantly(constant) changing her mind.

　　5．After retiring from teaching，he was advised to take up gardening as a hobby.

　　6．If we want to arrive at the village on time，we’d better speed up.

　　7．—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—Why not visit(visit) her this weekend?

　　8．His head soon appeared out of the window of the second floor，from where he could see nothing but trees.

　　9．Time，used(use) correctly，is money in the bank.

　　10．More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．His first speech as president made a strong impression of his audience.of→on

　　2．I don’t like this radio play.Let’s switch on to another programme.去掉on

　　3．He guided us through the narrow streets to the central mosque, we learned a lot.guided→guiding

　　4．For miles around us there was nothing but an ice desert without a single plant or tree in the sight.去掉the

　　5．His mother was seriously ill and a doctor called in.called前加上was

　　6．The students’ spare time should be taken advantage to study.advantage后加上of

　　7．Worrying about her daughter the mother came to see her yesterday.Worrying→Worried

　　8．The first textbook was written for teaching English came out in the 16th century.去掉was或在was前加上that/which

　　9．When there is enough food in the world for everybody，not everybody can afford to buy it.When→While

　　10．I sat until after eleven, being absorbed in a book.去掉being

　　.写作句式升级训练

　　As the number of English learners is on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(素材来源于2017·江苏·书面表达)

　　With the number of English learners on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(用with复合结构改写句子)

　　.阅读理解

　　Research suggests that if a woman runs her household without any help，she has less interest in scaling the career ladder.

　　But the reason for this is not quite what you might expect，such as being too tired.According to experts，the satisfaction of being in charge of day­to­day domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work.If she were indeed to “have it all”—a family life，a love life and a career—she would need to be prepared to carve up some of the home decisions with her spouse，a study suggests.

　　The study asked 136 men and women aged 18 to 30 whether being in control of household decisions is something they desire.Both sexes agreed that being in charge is an advantage.Then,150 women were asked to imagine being a married mother and either making most of the household decisions or making them jointly with her husband.Those who had imagined being in control at home placed less value on things such as earning a high salary than those who had imagined sharing the running of the household.

　　Then，almost 650 men and women were asked to imagine one of the same two scenes but with division of household chores.The men’s interest in work was not affected by thoughts of being in charge at home.And if a woman imagined having to do all the chores，without making the decisions at home，she was still hungry for power in the workplace.

　　Researcher Professor Serena Chen said，“This suggests it is the power aspect of household control that reduces women’s interest in power outside of the home.To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields，our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decision­making.”

　　1．What could be learned from the text?

　　A．Women are fond of doing household tasks.

　　B．Women have no interest in the office work.

　　C．Women can do well at home or beyond if they share household decisions with men.

　　D．Women can do well at home as well as in the workplace.

　　答案　C

　　解析　文意理解题。从全文对研究内容和结果的论述可知，如果妻子想在家庭和事业上都取得成功，她就得和丈夫共同决策家庭事务。第二段最后一句也有明确提示。

　　2．What leaves women with less of a thirst for a successful career?

　　A．Pressure from household tasks.

　　B．Lack of working experience.

　　C．Poor physical and mental state.

　　D．Satisfaction of being in charge of household tasks.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。从第二段中信息“the satisfaction of being in charge of day­to­day domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work”可知，女性从掌管家庭事务中获得的满足感导致她们对成功事业的渴望减少。

　　3．Professor Serena Chen suggested that

　　.

　　A．it was hard to realize true gender equality

　　B．men must work as household directors

　　C．men and women should share household decisions

　　D．women should be as wise as men

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。从最后一段中的“To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields，our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decision­making.”可知，Professor Serena Chen认为夫妻应当分享家庭决策权。

　　4．Who would be most interested in the text?

　　A．Researchers.

　　B．Breadwinners.

　　C．Employers.

　　D．Working mothers.

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。文章研究妇女怎样才能在事业上成功，因此对该文章最感兴趣的应该是职业妈妈，所以D项正确。

　　.阅读填空

　　How to concentrate on studies

　　How to get your mind to concentrate on studies when there are all possible distractions(分心的事)？This is the biggest question that students face when it’s exam time.Well，here are some tips that can help you with concentration.

　　Plan your timetable

　　5

　　However，be realistic with your timetable and do not expect too much out of yourself.

　　6

　　If you study for 5 hours without rest，you maybe get bored.So it is advised that you keep on changing your subjects so that you do not get bored.However，make sure you study at least 2 hours at each subject at a stretch(连续地)．

　　Take interest

　　Unless you like what you are doing，it is not possible to focus on that task.

　　7

　　You can start with your favorite subject and move on to difficult ones，once you begin to study.You can also take the difficult subject when your mind is most refreshed.

　　Set up a study area

　　It is better to have a study room where you can concentrate properly without any distractions.If that is not possible，you can set up a study table in a separate corner in you home.

　　8

　　9

　　Your mind will be at its sharpest only if you let it rest for enough time.Sleep for at least 6－8 hours depending upon your individual requirements.Eat healthy meals and reward yourself some free time after studies.

　　A．Get enough rest

　　B．Introduce variety

　　C．Get rid of distractions

　　D．You may even ask a friend to study with you.

　　E．It is always best to have a plan before studying.

　　F．So you have to take interest in what you are studying.

　　G．Make sure you study at this place so that you can help your mind focus.

　　答案　5.E　6.B　7.F　8.G　9.A

　　.语法填空

　　A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for urgent surgery.He answered the call,10.changed(change) his clothes and went directly to the surgery block.He found the boy’s father 11.pacing(pace) in the hall waiting for the doctor.Once seeing him，the dad said 12.angrily(angry)，“Why did you take your time to come？Don’t you have 13.a sense of responsibility？”

　　The doctor smiled and said，“I am sorry.I wasn’t in the hospital and I came with the 14.fastest(fast) speed after receiving the call...And now，I wish you’d calm down so that I can do my work.”

　　“Calm down？What 15.if your son is in this room right now？Will you calm down？” the father yelled.

　　The doctor smiled again and went into the room.

　　The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily.“Thank goodness！Your son is saved！”And 16.without waiting for the father’s reply，he carried on with his way running.“If you have any questions，ask the nurse！”

　　Later the nurse told 17.him that the doctor，18.whose son died yesterday in a car accident，was at the funeral when they called him for the surgery.And now he is running to finish his son’s funeral.

　　Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or 19.what they’re going through.

　　.短文改错

　　Can you imagine wear a pretty sweater made of garbage？It could not happen！A few companies across the country are making clothes from things those are thrown away by people.For example，the company makes sweaters from old plastic bottles.First，the bottles are cut into small piece.The pieces are melted.Then the melting plastic is made into long and thin threads.The threads

　　are used to making sweaters which are very soft and light.Believe it not，these sweaters sell well in spite of the fact that they are not expensive at all.Many people think that these recycled clothes can help us cut up on garbage.

　　答案　

　　Can you imagine

　　a pretty sweater made of garbage？It could not happen！A few companies across the country are making clothes from things

　　are thrown away by people.For example， company makes sweaters from old plastic bottles.First，the bottles are cut into small .The pieces are melted.Then the

　　plastic is made into long and thin threads.The threads are used to

　　sweaters which are very soft and light.Believe it

　　not，these sweaters sell well in spite of the fact that they are not

　　at all.Many people think that these recycled clothes can help us cut

　　on garbage.

　　.写作素材(关于工作)

　　1．前几年我从事了不同的工作。

　　2．为了做好工作，我要不断地作出调整。

　　3．我努力给大家留下好印象。

　　4．可是我发现难以忍受那些环境， 然后就没有动力干下去了。

　　5．从现在起，我将调整心态然后乐观地工作和生活。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用find＋宾语＋宾补等结构。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　I took up different jobs in the previous years.In order to do my work well，I had to constantly make adjustments.I tried to leave good impressions but often I found the surroundings hard to tolerate and then I lacked motivation for them.From now on，I will adjust my attitude of mind and be optimistic about work and life.