2017届高考英语二轮阅读理解训练：（37）

　　2017届高考英语二轮专题训练：阅读理解（37）

　　A

　　One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.

　　[2]Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.

　　[3]During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

　　[4]However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. ____________________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.

　　76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)

　　________________________________________________________________

　　77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

　　By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.

　　_________________________________________________________________

　　78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)

　　_________________________________________________________________

　　79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)

　　_________________________________________________________________

　　80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.

　　________________________________________________________________

　　B

　　Did you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of

　　“grey matter” and

　　It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.

　　There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!

　　The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about mine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children ad young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier (障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先) ,among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.

　　If all this disappoints you, it shouldn’t. “The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it.” says a biologist.

　　57. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

　　A. Women’s brain is 10% less than men’s

　　B. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.

　　C. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.

　　D. Both sexes have the same amount of white matter.

　　58. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?

　　A. Women prefer doing many things at a time.

　　B. Men do better dealing with one job at a time.

　　C. Women do not need to tell directions.

　　D. Men have weaker spatial abilities.

　　59. Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?

　　A. Young boys may be stronger than young girls.

　　B. More women take up jobs requiring speech skills

　　C. Women may have stronger feelings than men.

　　D. Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.

　　60. What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?

　　A. Defensive.

　　B. Persuasive.

　　C. Supportive.

　　D. Objective.

　　A答案：

　　76. Families benefit from eating together. /Having dinner together is beneficial to families.

　　77. Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.

　　78. No family dinner can benefit. /Family dinner may not benefit.

　　79. their children’s school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life

　　80. 父母也有更好的机会来减少孩子沾染烟、酒和毒品的可能性。/父母也更有可能降低子女染上吸烟、酗酒、吸毒等不良习惯的几率。

　　B

　　57.B

　　58.D

　　59.D

　　60.A

　　C

　　“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide,” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

　　45 per cent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

　　“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected,” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can’t yet quantify.”

　　The change was big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 per cent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures’ negative effects on plankton(浮游生物), the base of the marine ecosystem.

　　Warm-blooded animals weren’t immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

　　This is not the first time this has happened in Earth’s history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 per cent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

　　The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.

　　()21. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Why Do Some Species Become Smaller?

　　B. How Does Temperature Change in Earth’s History?

　　C. Climate Change Has Many Negative Effects

　　D. Species Become Smaller as Climate Warms

　　()22. The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “”. 

　　A. been neglected by B. had stronger influences than

　　C. been weakened by D. been less than

　　()23. Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that . 

　　A. how climate change effects animals’ size has not been found clearly

　　B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller

　　C. too many studies on animals’ size have been done

　　D. people can avoid the negative effects of climate change

　　()24. What can we learn from the passage?

　　A. Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.

　　B. Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.

　　C. Ants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.

　　D. A warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.

　　()25. What’s the author’s attitude towards climate change in the passage?

　　A. Concerned.

　　B. Optimistic.

　　C. Indifferent.　

　　D. Confident.

　　D

　　Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.

　　Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to obey a stereotype(陈规旧俗), a US study says.

　　Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to obey the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.

　　The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

　　Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

　　The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

　　But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

　　Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的) and prefer the modern type in which violence and sexism are major themes,” James wrote.

　　Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to obey a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “In mixed schools boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,” the study reported.

　　()26. The author believes that a single-sex school would . 

　　A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”

　　B. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

　　C. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

　　D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

　　()27. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys . 

　　A. perform relatively better B. grow up more healthily

　　C. behave more responsibly D. receive a better education

　　()28. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

　　A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

　　B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

　　C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

　　D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

　　()29. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is . 

　　A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

　　B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

　　C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

　　D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

　　()30. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

　　A. They enjoy being in charge.

　　B. They obey stereotypes.

　　C. They are violent and sexist.

　　D. They have sharper vision.

　　A

　　本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要报道了一项新发现，即研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。

　　21. D　

　　22. B　

　　23. A　

　　24. A

　　25. A　

　　B

　　本文是一篇研究报道，属于说明文。美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮助男生消除男性形象的压力。本文把“男孩在男生学校成长更好”的观点和传统的观点“男孩和女孩在一起接受教育效果更好”进行了对比论证。

　　26. B　

　　27. A　

　　28. C　

　　29. A

　　30. D