2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练（3）及答案

　　2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练（3）及答案

　　【2017高考复习】阅读理解In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his life­long mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自杀倾向的)．

　　“I said I didn't want to be alive anymore，”Letourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.

　　He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.

　　“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so much－and emotionally，I couldn't stop，”Letourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”

　　For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the doors

　　of a hospital，or a friend's or relative's home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression experts and patients say.

　　“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that they're depressed.”

　　Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，according to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.

　　“It's unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook

　　said.“The stigma(耻辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”

　　“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of

　　weakness，but when they can't complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said

　　Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.

　　【语篇导读】　在美国，大部分男性抑郁症患者由于种种原因不愿让人知道他们的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找医生治疗。等他们发现自己无能为力的时候已经晚了。

　　20．Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?

　　A．He got sick with mild depression in 2006.

　　B．He made a very painful choice before he decided to go to the hospital.

　　C．He became suicidal because his depression was too hard to

　　cure.

　　D．He didn't commit suicide because his friend didn't tell him a painless way.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，Letourneau在做出去看医生的决定时，身心都遭受着痛苦。]

　　21．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?

　　A．It takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.

　　B．Many men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.

　　C．Men patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.

　　D．Many men patients feel down and refuse to let others know about their disease.

　　答案　D　[段落大意题。本段主要是说很多男性抑郁症患者不但会感到消沉，而且他们不愿承认自己患了抑郁症，也不愿意求助医生和朋友。]

　　22．How many women are suffering from depression in the U．S.according to the passage?

　　A．About 5 million.

　　B．About 7.5 million.

　　C．About 10 million.

　　D．About 15 million.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。由第七段内容可知，在美国受抑郁症影响的人有大约一千五百万，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁症的妇女大约为一千万。]

　　23．The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to________.

　　A．a state of being mentally health

　　B．a place filled with sufferings

　　C．a place of interest

　　D．a state of death

　　答案　A　[指代关系题。由最后一段内容可知，男人会把寻求帮助看成是软弱的表现，但是假如他们在不求人的情况下不能摆脱抑郁症的困扰而恢复健康的话，那就危险了。由此可知答案。]

　　24．It can be inferred from the passage that________.

　　A．reports about men with depression are usually false

　　B．men are more likely to become depressed than women

　　C．most people with depression have lost their relatives

　　D．the actual number of men with depression is larger than reported

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁症患者都羞于让人知道他们患病；再根据倒数二、三段可推知，报告中统计的男女抑郁症患者的数字是有偏差的，男性患者的实际数字会高于报告中的数字。]

　　Passage four(preface)   Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.   This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.   We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.   We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means [A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists. people whose knowledge of science is very limited. [C] the scientific community. [D] people who make good contribution to science. 2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because [A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. Science affects almost every aspect of our life. [C] Scientists live in a specific subculture. [D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science. 3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who [A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science. are good at producing various gadgets. [C] work in a storehouse of dried facts. [D] want to have a superficial understanding of science. 4.According to this passage, [A] English is a sexist language. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly. [C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language. [D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. 5.This passage most probably is [A] a book review. the preface of a book. [C] the postscript of a book. [D] the concluding part of a book. Vocabulary subculture            亚文化群（指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人） superficial      肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的       lay person            外行，门外汉，俗人 musty            发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的 gadget            小玩意儿，小配件，新发明 pervasive            渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的 populate            居住于……中，在……中占一席之地 implicit            含蓄的，内含的 unspecified      未特别提出的 offset            抵消，补偿 难句译注 An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. 【参考译文】如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，那就比较容易了解科学的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科学概念。 We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do. 【参考译文】我们希望这本书能引导读者对科学观念有一个更为广阔的透视；对什么是科学、科学家是些什么人以及他们在干什么有一个更为现实的观点。 In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. 【参考译文】另外，读者可学会正确评价科学观点与我们文化中无处不在的某些价值观和哲学思想之间的关系。 This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. 【参考译文】科学亚文化群中妇女作用越来越大。这不是难得一见的意外事件，而是，确切地说，在社会各部门显著潮流的一部分由于越来越多妇女进入了传统上为男子统治的领域并作出了重大的贡献。 This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally. 【参考译文】这一策略并不理想，但它至少承认了一个事实，那就是在平等对待人类另一半上，我们的语言功能还不全。 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。 首先提出科学是我们文化的重大主题，但人们也该了解科学家生活的亚文化群，只有懂得一些激励和挫伤科学家的种种情况，才能理解科学的一般特征及其特殊概念。 第二方面指出书的读者对象是对科学一知半解的学生及门外汉。书可作理工科课程的辅助（补充）读物，又可独立自成体系。它可开阔人们科学的视野，真正了解科学、科学家及其工作，理解科学和文化的关系，科学观点和哲学的关系。 第三方面指出亚文化群中妇女增多，贡献巨大，而我们的语言却隐含这性别的歧视，难以充分平等地反映妇女。 最后指出书信息量大又具娱乐性，寓教于乐。 答案详解 1.C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面以及妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。 A. 科学家所组成种种文化群体。  B. 科学知识有限的一些人。  C.  对科学作出很大贡献的人。 2.B 因为科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是我们文化中的重要主题，由于它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一方面，有知识的人至少需要熟悉一些结构和作用。 3.A. 了解激发和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。（比较难） C. 科学家生活在特定的亚文化群中。D. 了解科学的一般特性比较容易。 A 不太了解科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。 B. 善于生产各种小配件。  C. 在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相对科学有肤浅了解的人。 4.D 不应当用阳性的名词和代词去指科学家。第三段集中讲了这本书提供精确而又现代的有关科学社区（社会）和居住在其中的人的画卷。近年来，越来越多的妇女包括进来，原因是许多妇女进入传统上为男人统治的领域，并作出巨大贡献，所以妇女在科学亚文化群中的增多并不是罕见的偶然事件，而是社会各部门明显趋势的组成部分。在讨论其变化和贡献时，我们面临着隐含性别歧视的语言――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消除这种偏颇，我们在可能和必要时采用了复数名词和代词来取代他或她。 A. 英语是一种性别语言。 B. 只有在科学领域中，妇女的作用增长很快。 C. 妇女在晓民我们语言中的不适当性作出了巨大的贡献。根据此题注释说明这三项都不对。英语不能说成是有性别的语言，其中虽有些词性表示男性或女性。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，并不是在消灭语言…… 5.B 书的前言，见文章大意。 A. 书的评论。 C. 书跋、书的附录。 D. 书的结论部分。

　　高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal. The vehicle has cleared a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)(联邦航空管理委员会）regulation for craft classification (分类）by weight. A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.

　　At issue was Mass-based company Terrafugia wanting its Transition vehicle to be classified as a “Light Sport Aircraft" by the FAA so people eager to fly it would need only 20 hours of flying time. Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.

　　The Terrafugia completed its maiden voyage last March in upstate New York. According to its maker, the Terrafugia can transform from a readable vehicle that can hit a highway speed of 65 miles per hour to a winged aircraft in 30 seconds.

　　The plane version can cruise at about 115 miles per hour ( 185 kilometers per hour) and cover about 400 miles ( 644 kilometers) worth of the area before needing a refill of regular unleaded gas.

　　The price of a Terrafugia is expected to be around $200,000 and deliveries could start next year, assuming the vehicle passes crash tests. The company has envisioned its vehicle as finding a home with amateur pilots who live near air fields, but as any Jetsons’ fan knows, flying cars might well be the wave of the future.

　　1. The underlined part in the Para. 1 “has been billed" means_____.

　　A. has been sold

　　B. has been advertised

　　C. has been ordered

　　D. has been designed

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。由第一段 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal...A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.”可知，根据报道名字叫Terrafugia的小型飞机模型或许马上就会问世，因此“has been billed”意思应该是“has been advertised”意为“已经得到了宣传”，故答案为B。

　　2. The author tells us in the passage that ______.

　　A. this vehicle can carry only two passengers

　　B. the driver should weigh less than 110 pounds

　　C. anyone can drive this flying car if they want

　　D. the car flies faster than a modern plane

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第二段 “Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.”可知，这个交通工具有两个座位，只能超载110磅，FAA说顾客只有知道了这个额外重量，汽车飞机才能卖给他们，故A选项正确，B、C选项错误。第三、四段分别介绍了这个飞机汽车在公路上的时速和空中飞行速度，没有与现代飞机进行比较，故D选项错误。

　　3. It is mentioned in the passage that flying cars might be______.

　　A. popular

　　B. light

　　C. convenient

　　D. safe enough

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由最后一段最后一句话 “...flying cars might well be the wave of the future.” 可知，飞机汽车或许是未来的一种趋势，故答案为A。

　　4. Which is the best possible title of the passage?

　　A. Coolest Vehicles You ’ 11 Never Get to Ride

　　B. Flying Car Could Transform Traffic Jam

　　C. Flying Car One Step Closer to Reality

　　D. Transportation in Future Time

　　答案解析：答案为C。 结合第一题的分析和第一段的首句 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal.”可知，飞机汽车还差一步就能在陆地和天空通行，故答案为C。