2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 2《Animal Kingdom》（重大版必修4）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．source /sːs/ n．来源；水源 2．share /eə/ n．共享；一份；vt./vi.分享，分担；分配 3．revenge /rIvendʒ/ n．报仇，复仇 4．measure /meʒə/ vt./vi.计量；估计；判断 5．adventure /ədventʃə/ n．冒险 6．branch /brːntʃ/ n．分支，下属部门 7．fascinating /fæsIneItIŋ/ adj.迷人的，醉人的 8．unexpected /ˌnIks′pektId/ adj.想不到的，意外的→expected adj.预期要发生的；期待中的→expect vi./vt.预料；期待→expectation n．预期；期待；指望 9．constant /kɒnstənt/ adj.经常的，不断发生的→constantly adv.不变地；经常地 10．curious /kjʊərIəs/ adj.好奇的；求知的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心；求知欲 11．patiently /peIʃntlI/ adv.有耐性地；有毅力地→patient adj.耐心的→patience n．耐心，忍耐；毅力 12．determine /dItɜːmIn/ vt./vi.决定，使下定决心→determination n．坚定；果断；决心→determined adj.有决心的，坚定的 13．reserve /rIzɜːv/ n．保留地，保护区；vt.储备，保留；预约→reservation n．禁猎区，自然保护区 14．conduct /kəndʌkt/ vt.实施；处理→conductor n．管理人；向导 .重点短语识记 1．not only...(but) also...不但……而且…… 2．get at到达，够到 3．take one’s share取……的份额 4．be determined to决定做…… 5．be sure of确信 6.be grateful to感激…… 7．lead...to通往……，引向…… 8．be afraid of害怕…… 9.in revenge报复 10．show off炫耀 11.used to (过去)常常做…… 12．get close to接近 13．take...as把……当成 14．set up 建立，建造 15．look after/take care of照顾，照看 16．bring about导致，引起 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．Honey is not only a good source of natural sugar；it is also delicious. 蜂蜜不仅是天然糖的上佳来源，而且它本身也香醇可口，甘甜怡人。 2．Often，these nets are high up in trees，and it is difficult to find them. 通常，这些巢高悬在树上，很难找到它们。 3．That must have been quite an adventure.Did you go there alone? 那一定是非常冒险的了。你是独自一人去的那里吗？ 4．I found them fascinating and wanted to know as much as I could about them. 我发现它们很迷人，想尽可能多地了解它们。 　 1．He looked at my uncle curiously.(curious) 2．My mom’s encouragement determined me to go on with my study.(determine) 3．The working temperature of the liquid must be measured every hour.(measure) 4．They have reserved rooms for us at a hotel.(reserve) 5．It was exacting work and required all his patience.(patient) 6．He continued his interrupted studies after the war.(continual) 　 1 be curious about对……感到好奇 be curious to do...极想做…… curiosity n．好奇心；求知欲 from/out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 Don’t be too curious about things you’re not supposed to know. 不该知道的事别去打听。 Ryle accepted more out of curiosity than anything else. 赖尔更多的是出于好奇才同意的。夯实基础同义句改写 The woman in the shop looked at them curiously.(用curiosity改写句子) The woman in the shop looked at them with curiosity. 2 be patient with对……有耐心 patience n．耐心；耐性；忍耐 beyond one’s patience无法忍受 out of patience没有耐心 have no patience with对……没有耐心 She’s very patient with young children. 她对幼儿特别有耐心。 This job calls for patience. 这份工作需要耐心。夯实基础 (1)Miss Grant is patient with her students(对她的学生有耐心)． (2)His rudeness was beyond my patience(我无法忍受) and I wanted to leave. 3 determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon 决定 determine sb.to do...使某人决定做…… be determined to do...决心做某事(表示状态) with determination坚决地；果断地 It’s true that our future is determined by many things，such as opportunities and help from others. 我们的未来由许多因素决定，如机会、他人的帮助等，这是毫无疑问的。(2017·浙江·书面表达) She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。夯实基础 (1)同义句改写 We determined on an early start.(用不定式改写句子) We determined to start early. (2)Determined to give up smoking(决心戒烟)，he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 4 reserve sth.for...为……保留某物 reserve the right to do sth.保留做某事的权利 in reserve备用的 with/without reserve有/没有保留地 make a reservation预订，预约 Do you have to reserve tickets in advance? 你一定要提前订票吗？夯实基础用适当的介词填空 (1)Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve. (2)She told me all about it without reserve. (3)In the United States lanes are reserved for cars with more than one occupant. 5 conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey进行实验/询问/调查 conduct oneself举止，表现 conduct oneself well (＝behave oneself)举止端庄；行为检点 conduct sb.to...引领某人到…… I decided to conduct an experiment. 我决定进行一次实验。 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his conduct. 别人通过他的行为举止对他进行评判，这一点他很难理解。夯实基础 (1)单句改错 Please conduct me to meet your head teacher.去掉meet (2)A long­term study conducted by(由……主持进行) the medical school shows that babies of smoking mothers will be less healthy than those of nonsmoking mothers. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．When he tried to make a ，he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention. A．complaint B．claim C．reservation D．decision 答案　C 解析　句意为：当他试图预订房间时，发现那个旅店因为有一个会议已经客满了。reservation预订，符合题意。 2．He was determined that his children to the best school available. A．should go B．went C．ought to go D．would go 答案　A 解析　determine后跟的从句中常用should do，should可省。 3．These seats are for special guests. A．preserved B．reserved C．reversed D．occupied 答案　B 解析　此处考查reserve sth.for...的被动形式。reserve储备或预定为将来特殊情况使用；preserve强调“收藏，保存”，其目的是使之完好无损、质量不变。 4．The agreement doesn’t allow you to business from your home. A．make B．conduct C．afford D．arrange 答案　B 解析　conduct business管理生意，符合题意。 .汉译英 1．我发现老师既有耐心又体贴人。(patient)(2017·湖北·短文写作) I found the teachers patient and considerate. 2．首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。(reserve)(2010·福建·书面表达) Firstly，an effective way，I think，is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. 1．Someone had got at the witness before the trial. 2．She was afraid of hurting my feelings. 3．Dr. Bethune set up a small hospital and saved many lives. 4．When we got close to the door，we heard shouts inside. 5．He saw music as a way to bring about political change. 　 lead sb.to do...使某人做…… lead sb.to...使某人得出…… lead the way带路 lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走 in the lead领先；处于首位 take the lead带头；领先 In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice speaking English in an interesting way. 在课堂上我把学生分成小组用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。(2010·天津·书面表达) 夯实基础 (1)That can lead to(导致) serious consequences. (2)With him leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me the clothes on the line? A．get off B．get back C．get in D．get on 答案　C 解析　get off下车；get back回来；get in收集；get on上车；进展。由句意知选C项。 2．The discovery of new evidence led to . A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught 答案　C 解析　lead to导致，to为介词，排除B项；the thief与catch之间为被动关系，排除A项；根据题意这贼已被抓，又排除D项。 3．He liked her paper so much that he his own work and translated it into Chinese. A．gave off B．turned down C．took over D．set aside 答案　D 解析　考查动词短语的辨析。give off发出(光、热等)；turn down调低；拒绝；take over接管；set aside把……放一边。由句意知D项正确。 4．We strongly believe that war never settles anything.It only violence. A．runs into B．comes from C．leads to D．begins with 答案　C 解析　句意为：我们坚信战争不会解决任何问题。它只会导致暴力。lead to导致，符合句意。 .汉译英她为我们树立了一个好榜样。(set an example)(2010·浙江·书面表达) She has set a good example for us. 　 用that，whether，how，whatever完成下列句子 (1)It’s no surprise that our team has won the game. (2)Whatever he likes will be given to him. (3)I am not sure whether he will come here or not. (4)The problem is whether the book will be published. (5)My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 1 Honey is not only a good source of natural sugar；it is also delicious.蜂蜜不仅是天然糖的上佳来源，而且它本身也香醇可口，甘甜怡人。 not only...but also...通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子。 (1)not only A but also B＝B as well as A (2)not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。 (3)not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵守“就近原则”。 (4)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用。 Yet through his painstaking efforts，he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America. 通过这些艰苦的努力，他不但改变了自己的命运也改变了美国的历史。(2017·浙江·书面表达) 夯实基础同义句改写 He speaks not only English and French but also Spanish.(用not only位于句首改定句子) Not only does he speak English and French but also Spanish. 2 (1)must表示推测，一般用于肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。 (2)must do/be doing表示对现在发生事情的推测；must have done表示对过去发生事情的推测。 (3)must表推测时，在否定句中用can或could。 (4)含有must (表推测)的句子，构成反意疑问句时，其疑问部分应与没有must的句子构成的反意疑问句相同。 Harry’s been driving all day—he must be tired. 哈利一天都在开车——他准是很累了。 You must have been really upset. 你准很心烦。夯实基础完成下列反意疑问句 (1)It must be Tom，isn’t it? (2)He must have finished the homework yesterday，didn’t he? (3)He must have been to China，hasn’t he? Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Not only be interesting to us，but also its English will help us in composition. A．the novel will B．will the novel C．is the novel D．the novel is 答案　B 解析　not only连接句子放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。 2．Your time is running out.Change your mind it is too late! A．since B．when C．until D．before 答案　D 解析　句意为：你快没时间了，趁着来得及(趁着还不晚)改变主意吧！before在……之前；since自从；when当……时候；until直到。 3．There’s a saying：“Life is 10% happens to us and 90% we respond to it. A．who；why B．what；how C．which；when D．that；that 答案　B 解析　第一空从句中缺少主语来引导名词性从句，第二空可从句意上判断选择正确的连词。 .汉译英 1．通过英语俱乐部里的活动，我们不但练习而且学了更多的英语。(not only...but also...)(2010·湖南·书面表达) By the activities in our English club，we not only practise but also learn more English. 2．这就是我们的问题所在。(表语从句) This is where our problem lies. 　 1．Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with .(2017·江西，22) A．curiosity B．satisfaction C．envy D．patience 答案　D 解析　本题考查名词词义辨析。curiosity 好奇心；satisfaction满意；envy忌妒；patience耐心。根据句意“每当我犯错的时候，老师总是耐心地指出我的错误”。可知D项意义合适。 2．Experiments of this kind in both the U．S. and Europe well before the Second World War.(2011·北京，21) A．have conducted B．have been conducted C．had conducted D．had been conducted 答案　D 解析　句意为：早在第二次世界大战之前，这种实验就在美国和欧洲进行过了。根据句中的时间状语before the Second World War可知，应该用过去完成时态，故排除A、B两项。再根据谓语动词conduct和主语experiments之间为逻辑上的动宾关系可知，本题选D项。 3．People have always been about exactly how life on earth began.(2010·天津，5) A．curious B．excited C．anxious D．careful 答案　A 解析　句意为：人们对于地球上人类的起源问题一直充满好奇。be curious about对……感到好奇，符合题意。be excited about因……而激动；be anxious about为……而忧虑；be careful about当心……。 4．Jack described his father，who a brave boy many years ago，as a strong­willed man.(2010·安徽，32) A．would be B．would have been C．must be D．must have been 答案　D 解析　句意为：杰克把多年以前曾是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成为一个意志坚强的人。must have been是对过去事实的肯定猜测；must be是对现在事实的肯定猜测；would be是过去将来时；would have been是虚拟语气，故选D项。 5．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.(2009·江西，33) A．what B．which C．that D．though 答案　C 解析　分析句式结构可知此处缺少同位语从句的引导词，从句意义、结构均完整，所以选that。 6．The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons.(2009·海南，31) A．saved was teachers’ energy B．was teachers’ energy saved C．teachers’ energy was saved D．was saved teachers’ energy 答案　B 解析　句意为：电脑在教学中应用，结果不仅节省了老师的精力，也使学生对课堂更感兴趣。在not only...but also...连接的句子中，如果not only放在句首则本句用部分倒装，但but also连接的句子则不用，故选B。 　 .单项填空 1．Would you allow your child to do such a thing if you are in position of parent? A．a；a B．a；the C．the；a D．the；the 答案　C 解析　本题考查冠词。第一空特指处在作为父母亲的位置；第二空后为可数名词单数，故用a。 2．People working 10 or 11 hours a day are more likely to suffer from health problems than who go off duty after eight hours. A．those B．that C．these D．them 答案　A 解析　考查代词的用法。those用来指代前文的problems。 3．Over the past decades，sea ice in the arctic as a result of global warming. A．had decreased B．decreased C．has been decreasing D．is decreasing 答案　C 解析　考查时态。over the past decades常与现在完成时及现在完成进行时连用。 4．Thanks to the measures by the local government，the polluted river is becoming clearer and clearer and fish have begun to show up in it. A．taking B．taken C．to take D．having taken 答案　B 解析　考查非谓语动词。the measures 与take 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。 5． is most important to me，I think，is my teaching course. A．It B．This C．As D．What 答案　D 解析　考查名词性从句的连词。从题干看，本题连词引导的是主语从句，连词在从句中作主语，因此选D项。 6．—It’s already five years since we last met.Shall we have a get­together tonight? — . A．It’s a pleasure B．That’s all right C．I can’t agree more D．It’s very kind of you 答案　C 解析　考查交际用语。句意为：——自从我们上次见面已经5年了。今晚我们聚一聚好吗？——非常乐意。It’s a pleasure不客气；That’s all right没关系；I can’t agree more非常乐意；It’s very kind of you你真好。 7．On the top of the hill stands a wooden house， the forest keeper once lived. A．which B．that C．where D．when 答案　C 解析　句意为：山顶上有个木屋，守林人曾经住在那儿。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 8．— Excuse me，I wonder if you can help.I my passport. — But where did you lose it? A．have lost B．lost C．had lost D．lose 答案　A 解析　考查时态。句意为：——请问，你能帮我吗？我的护照丢了。——你是在哪里丢的？根据句意可知，passport现在还没找到，所以用现在完成时。 9．In my opinion， matters is not one’s looks，but one’s inner thoughts. A．that B．it C．what D．this 答案　C 解析　考查名词性从句。what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。 10．Every Friday is the school open day， parents can go to the class to observe it. A．where B．when C．whose D．which 答案　B 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：每周五是学校开放日，这时候家长们可以来学校听课。关系副词when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。 .阅读理解 A The folks in the passing vehicles cast stares at those walking on the streets and sidewalks，unable to take their eyes off the 40,000 faces gleaming with pride.Our Walk for Hunger stickers barely cling to our clothes because of the sweat we were producing.A body­odor perfume as strong as our compassion was created with our perspiration(汗水)．As my friend and I crossed the balloon archway that signified the end of the 20­mile walk，our heart was full of enthusiasm and hope. On the bus from Boston back to my school，my feet ached as I thought of the eight­year­old girl who completed her fifth walk；the volunteers with encouraging energy；the teenagers with attitude in their voice and cell phones in their ears.In all their eyes，there was a glimmer of hope and true concern for others，not just for themselves. Too many people think only in terms of self­improvement，rather than human­race improvement.People have thrown compassion and philanthropy(慈善行为) out of the window，seeing only themselves and money to be made，forgetting about the people who are trying to survive each day. As I stay up late to finish homework，these thoughts surface in my mind，as well as this recurring question：How can someone not care about the 30,000 children who die each day from preventable and treatable diseases？How can anyone pretend it does not affect you when it does？We are living on this planet together，and should be working as one to make sure everyone has a pleasant experience，rather than letting people suffer from starvation or disease.We need to live together under the umbrella of love as inhabitants of the same world. 1．What were the 40,000 people doing according to the first paragraph? A．Taking an adventure. B．Making a promotion for a product. C．Competing in a sports event. D．Doing some charity work. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知，40 000个人参加Walk for Hunger这一活动，而Walk for Hunger是一项为挨饿的人募捐的慈善活动。由此可知，他们在做一项慈善工作。 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards those who think only in terms of self­improvement? A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Cautious. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，那些只知道自我提高的人不关心他人，以自我为中心；根据最后一段后半部分可知，作者认为我们应该关爱他人。由此可推知，作者并不认同那些只注重自我修养的人的做法。 3．We can infer from the last paragraph that the author . A．didn’t finish the 20­mile walk B．regretted finishing his homework late C．was too tired to do his homework D．was concerned about the suffering children 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者认为我们同在一个星球，应该努力让每一个人过得开心，而不是看着别人遭受挨饿或疾病的痛苦而不管不顾。由此可知，作者关心那些挨饿和生病的儿童。 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Care for Others B．Walk for Hunger C．Keep Fit Through Walking D．Live Together in Peace 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文作者主要讲述了自己参加Walk for Hunger这一慈善活动的感受并借此号召人们关心和帮助那些挨饿和生病的儿童。由此可知，B项为最佳标题。 B Geniuses amaze us，impress us and make us all a little jealous.How do they differ from the average people？Scientists are working hard to figure out that answer.Tune in to the National Geographic Channel to find out about the discoveries they’re making in the series My Brilliant Brain. When Marc Yu was only two years old，he began to play the piano.After a year，he started learning pieces by Beethoven.Now he’s a world­famous concert pianist at age eight.He learns newer and more difficult pieces with ease and can identify any note he hears.He seems to be specially designed for music.In Born Genius，National Geographic looks at the science behind child prodigies(神童) to explain why some children seem to be born without limits. Genius didn’t come naturally to Tommy McHugh.It came only after he nearly died from bleeding in his brain.After recovering，McHugh’s head was filled with new thoughts and pictures.So，he began to express them in the form of poetry and art.Now，he’s a seemingly unstoppable creative machine.Sufferers of autism(自闭症) and brain injury have shown that great mental ability can sometimes come from damage or disease.Accidental Genius explores this puzzling relationship. Can normal people be trained to be geniuses？Susan Polger has shown no signs of extraordinary intelligence.Yet，during her childhood，she studied thousands of chess patterns and learned to recognize them immediately.As a result，she was able to beat skilled adult players by age 10 and can now play up to five games at the same time without even seeing the boards.Make Me a Genius examines what it takes to turn an ordinary brain into that of a genius. If becoming a genius were easy，we’d all be one.Yet，there is much more to super intelligence than simply being born lucky.Learn more about amazing brains this month on National Geographic’s My Brilliant Brain. 5．The author takes Marc Yu as an example to show that a child prodigy is . A．a child who learns something easily B．a child who is eager to learn new things C．a pianist who practices an instrument a lot D．a student who works hard to do well in school 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“He learns newer and more difficult pieces with ease...”可知答案。 6．From the text，we know that . A．more and more scientists are studying the brain B．geniuses mostly are born with great wits C．there’s no such person as a true genius D．there are many factors in being a genius 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二至第四段的不同事例可知，成为天才的情况有很多种。 7．The author develops the text mainly by . A．providing typical examples B．following the natural time order C．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects D．comparing opinions from different scientists 答案　A 解析　逻辑结构题。文章主体部分列举了三个天才的不同事例，因此作者组织文章的方式是列举典型事例。 8．My Brilliant Brain is most probably from . A．a website B．a TV channel C．a magazine D．a newspaper 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Tune in to the National Geographic Channel...”可知答案。 .写作素材(关于人物经历) 1．汤姆是个充满好奇心的学生。 2．他尤其对蜂蜜的来源好奇。 3．所以他下定决心要弄明白蜜蜂是怎样酿蜜的。 4．他来到一处自然保护区，在管理人员的陪同下，实地参观了蜂蜜的酿造过程。 5．这次经历使他受益很多。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，how引导的宾语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文) Tom was a student who was full of curiosity.He was especially curious about the source of honey，so he determined to find out how the bees made honey.He came to a nature reserve.In the company of the conductor，he visited the making process of honey.The experience benefited him a lot.