2017届全国高考英语阅读理解专练（2）

　　山东省胶州市2017英语阅读理解专练（2）及答案（高考一轮）

　　【山东省宿州市2017高考英语模拟适应卷】

　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中, 选出最佳选项。Do you ever wonder why the English have one word for some animals and a different one for their meat? Why do they use pig and pork, cow and beef, and sheep and mutton. To find out, we have to go back to 1066. In that year, the Norman French invaded England and put a French king on the English throne. The French not only changed the government but they also changed the language. French became the language（王位） of the upper classes of society. And it remained that way  for 300 years. Only these high society people could afford to eat meat. As a result, French words like porc (pork) and beouf (beef) came into the English language. However, poor English farmers raised the animals. So, the English language retained the words pig and cow from the native Anglo-Saxon.

　　The Norman French added about 10,000 French words to the English language. Seventy-five percent of them are still in use today.

　　Language experts estimate that English speakers who have never studied French already know 15,000 French words! Between one-third and two-thirds of all English words have French origin. Some words such as possible and avenue are the same in French and English; only the pronunciation changes. Other words such as ballet or a la carte retain their French pronunciation in both languages.

　　In French grammar, nouns have either a male or female gender, so adjectives（形容词） take different forms for each. English has only one adjective that does this, and it came from French. The world bl ond describes someone with light-colored hair. Blond is used for men, and blonde describes women. And they are also nouns.

　　Some French words that entered the English language have taken on completely different meanings. The French phrase a la mode means “in style.” In English, the phrase means “with ice c ream.” Someone must have decided something eaten with ice cream was in style!

　　Now, as you learn English, you’re on your way to learning French! 64．French was once popular among the upper classes of the UK because .

　　A．too many Frenchmen moved to Britain. B．the French brought animals with them C．the king and his officials spoke French

　　D．the king allowed French to be spoken ．The underlined word “retained” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ?

　　A．adopted B．keptC．introducedD．deserted ．Why does an English speaker find French easy to learn? A．Because English and French share similar pronunciation. B．Because English grammar and French grammar are similar. C．Because English has great influences on the French language. D．Because a large number of English word have French origins. ．What conclusion can we draw from the text? A．Language is closely related to history and culture. B．Language is controlled by the upper classes of society. C．French and English words don’t have much in common. D．English combines French and the Native Anglo-Sanxon.64---67 CBDA

　　较难题目特训：介绍说明类

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　You’re in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation:

　　“I can’t believe it—a Lorenzo Bertolla!They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”

　　They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It’s nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So, you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.

　　Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.

　　Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.

　　So advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform”in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice deceptive (骗人的), but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.”

　　However, one might ask what exactly is “real” about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it’s no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. You don’t know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.

　　1. The two attractive young women were talking so that they could______.　

　　A. get the sweater at a lower price

　　B. be heard by people around

　　C. be admired by other shoppers

　　D. decide on buying the sweater

　　2. Lorenzo Bertolla is______.　

　　A. a very popular male singer

　　B. an advertising agency

　　C. a clothing company in Rome

　　D. the brand name of a sweater

　　3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?　

　　A. The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company.

　　B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads.

　　C. Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because it’s too direct.

　　D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.

　　4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Two Attractive Shoppers

　　B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters

　　C. Ways of Advertising

　　D. Undercover Marketing

　　【参考答案】19.BDCD

　　【山东省宿州市2017高考英语模拟适应卷】

　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中, 选出最佳选项。What should you think about when trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English maybe good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.

　　Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work.You may be good at metalwork or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills. If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

　　Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background.You should not be apologetic(认错的) about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. 68. What is the passage mainly about? A. The importance of working hard at school. B. Choosing a career according to one's strengths. C. How to face one's weakness. D. The value of school work. 69. The writer thinks that a student's part-time job is probably________. A. a good way to find out his weak points B. one of the best ways of earning extra money C. of great use for his work in the future D. a waste of time he could have spent on study 70. From the passage we learn that if a student's school performance is not good, he _______. A. should pay more attention to learning skills and developing abilities B. will be regretful about his bad results C. may also do well in his future work D. should restart his study in school 71. The underlined phrase "be all thumbs" (in Para.3) probably means "________". A. be clumsy at doing things B. be skillful in doing things C. be not interested in certain things D. be easily bored in doing things 【参考答案】68-71 BCCA

　　阅读理解-----人文地理类

　　Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S­shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

　　“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.

　　When the wind is from the west

　　All the waves that cannot rest

　　To the east must thunder on

　　Where the bright tree of the sun

　　Is rooted in the ocean's breast.

　　As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.

　　It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath－perhaps not so noticeably out in mid­ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub­ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.

　　9．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is ________.

　　A．always energetic

　　B．lacking in liveliness

　　C．shaped like a square

　　D．favored by ancient poets

　　解析　细节理解题。从第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为A项。

　　答案　A

　　10．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?

　　A．To describe the movement of the waves.

　　B．To show the strength of the storm.

　　C．To represent the power of the ocean.

　　D．To prove the vastness of the sea.

　　解析　推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise－it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。

　　答案　C

　　11．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?

　　A．Living together.

　　B．Growing fast.

　　C．Moving harmoniously.

　　D．Breathing peacefully.

　　解析　词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故A项符合要求。

　　答案　A

　　12．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to ________.

　　A．a beautiful and poetic place

　　B．a flesh and blood person

　　C．a wonderful world

　　D．a lovely animal

　　解析　推理判断题。从最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。

　　答案　B

　　Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.

　　If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.

　　The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.

　　The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.

　　The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.

　　A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.

　　Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.

　　The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese.Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.

　　The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.

　　Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.

　　59. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean?

　　A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.

　　B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.

　　C. One might have a positive influence on one’s friend.

　　D. Friends usually don’t follow each other to lose weight.

　　60. Who is mostly likely to gain weight?

　　A. A man who has a fat brotherB. A husband who has a fat wife

　　C. A wife who has a fat husbandD. A woman who has a fat female friend

　　61. Which of the following statements doesn’t the passage agree with?

　　A. You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny friend.

　　B. If one gains weight, one’s friends are likely to get fat.

　　C. A person’s health is closely linked with his /her social relationship.

　　D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.

　　62. The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that_______.

　　A. researchers fail to find a more different sample

　　B. researchers have different ideas for family members and friends

　　C. researchers can meet these people regularly

　　D. researchers can compare the results

　　【参考答案】4.59-62 BDAD