2017届高三英语一轮检测14 　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars（人教版必修3）

　　课后限时自测(十四)Ⅰ.语法填空

　　In ancient times，many people believed the earth was a flat disc.Well over 2，000 years ago，the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments__1__(prove)that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these__2__(argue)．

　　First，the Greeks knew that during eclipses (月食)of the moon the earth was__3__the sun and the moon，and they__4__(see) that during these eclipses，the earth's shadow on the moon was always round，they realized that this could be true only__5__the earth was spherical( 球形的)．If the earth was a flat disc，then__6__shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out__7__a long ellipse (椭圆)．

　　The second argument was based on__8__the Greeks saw during their travels.They noticed that the North Star appeared lower in__9__sky when they traveled south，in the more northerly regions，the North Star appeared to be much__10__(high)in the sky.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了古希腊哲学家很早就认识到地球是球形而不是平的。

　　1．proving　现在分词短语作定语。

　　2．arguments　名词作宾语，由these可知是复数。

　　3．between　根据后面的and可知。

　　4．saw　由上下文可知用一般过去时。

　　5．if　根据前后句的条件关系可知，if引导条件从句。

　　6．its　指代前面的the earth的。

　　7．into　介词into这里意为“变成为”。

　　8．what　引导宾语从句，作从句的宾语。

　　9．the　固定词组。the sky天空。

　　10．higher　根据句意及前面的much可知用比较级。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2017·临沂一模)During my second year of college，I was a part－time waitress in Chicago.I spent most of my time on __1__ and as little as possible on conversation.I wasn't used to talking to unknown people except when taking __2__．

　　One night，a little old man came in and __3__ himself in my section.I took his order and went on my way.But I __4__ that he came in week after week and always sat at one of my tables.Slowly，I began having short __5__ with him.His name was Mr.Rodgers，but he __6__ that I call him Don.I learned that he and his wife had gone to dinner and a movie every Saturday.Since she had died，he __7__ the tradition alone.

　　As the weeks went on，I began to sit and __8__ talk with Don.We talked about his wife，his days __9__ in the war，his son who had grown up and also served as a pilot in the army.Eventually，we began to talk about my __10__—going to school，my new boyfriend and the expectation of my future.

　　About four months after meeting him，I received __11__ from a nurse telling me that Don was in hospital.He was __12__ complications(并发症)from a heart operation.I __13__ drove to the hospital to see him.The first thing he did was thank me for __14__ him to visit the doctor.At first I didn't know what he was __15__．Then I remembered that about three weeks earlier，Don was __16__ about chest pains and I gave him the number of a __17__ I know.

　　A nurse asked，“Are you his daughter？”and I replied，“No，I'm his __18__．”

　　__19__ can become good friends.I recently found it __20__ to talk to customers at the restaurant and I have had a lot more fun.

　　1．A.school　B．work

　　C．cinema

　　D．home

　　【解析】　我大部分时间都用在工作上，很少和人谈话。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．A.orders

　　B．notes

　　C．advice

　　D．clothes

　　【解析】　take orders意思是为客人端上所点的饭菜，这从上文I was a part－time waitress和下文I took his order可得到提示。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．A.raised

　　B．greeted

　　C．seated

　　D．balanced

　　【解析】　seat oneself(某人)就座。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．A.realized

　　B．wondered

　　C．understood

　　D．noticed

　　【解析】　我注意到他每周都来，总是坐在我服务区的一张桌子旁。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．A.examinations

　　B．conversations

　　C．preparations

　　D．competitions

　　【解析】　慢慢地我开始与他进行一些简短的谈话。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．A.ordered

　　B．believed

　　C．refused

　　D．insisted

　　【解析】　他坚持要求我称他为Don。I call him Don一句中省略了should。

　　【答案】　D

　　7．A.called off

　　B．left out

　　C．carried on

　　D．dealt with

　　【解析】　他妻子去世后，他独自一人“继续”着这种习惯。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．A.actually

　　B．helplessly

　　C．obviously

　　D．hopefully

　　【解析】　以前的谈话都是礼节性的，很简短。现在，“我”开始坐下来与Don进行“真正”的谈话。

　　【答案】　A

　　9．A.escaping

　　B．working

　　C．wandering

　　D．flying

　　【解析】　根据后面一句his son who had grown up and also served as a pilot in the army.可知，他在部队当过飞行员。

　　【答案】　D

　　10．A.ambition

　　B．identity

　　C．occupation

　　D．hobby

　　【解析】　从破折号后面的内容going to school，my new boyfriend and the expectation of my future.可知，这是我的“壮志；抱负”，而不是“身份”，“职业”或“爱好”。

　　【答案】　A

　　11．A.an article

　　B．a bill

　　C．an offer

　　D．a call

　　【解析】　根据上下文意并结合生活常识可知，此处是指护士给我打来电话。

　　【答案】　D

　　12．A.treating

　　B．experiencing

　　C．studying

　　D．observing

　　【解析】　他正在“经历”手术后并发症，其余三项不合搭配和文意。

　　【答案】　B

　　13．A.immediately

　　B．eventually

　　C．frequently

　　D．deliberately

　　【解析】　immediately表示作者的急切心情。

　　【答案】　A

　　14．A.forcing

　　B．forbidding

　　C．urging

　　D．inviting

　　【解析】　urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事。从下文所述的情节可得到提示。

　　【答案】　C

　　15．A.going through

　　B．setting aside

　　C．referring to

　　D．making up

　　【解析】　一开始我并不知道他所指的是什么事。refer to指的是；提到。

　　【答案】　C

　　16．A.arguing

　　B．complaining

　　C．discussing

　　D．thinking

　　【解析】　Don因为胸部疼痛而发出抱怨，符合常识。

　　【答案】　B

　　17．A.doctor

　　B．dentist

　　C．lawyer

　　D．manager

　　【解析】　我给他提供了我认识的一个医生的电话号码，劝他前去就诊。

　　【答案】　A

　　18．A.student

　　B．waitress

　　C．niece

　　D．secretary

　　【解析】　从文章第一句I was a part－time waitress in Chicago.可知答案。

　　【答案】　B

　　19．A.Relatives

　　B．Colleagues

　　C．Neighbours

　　D．Strangers

　　【解析】　我和Don从陌生人成为好朋友。

　　【答案】　D

　　20．A.unbelievable

　　B．possible

　　C．enjoyable

　　D．reasonable

　　【解析】　现在我发现和饭店里的顾客谈话是一种享受。说明作者经历此事以后思想认识和性格都有了转变，同时也与第一段中的“I wasn't used to talking to unknown people except when taking orders.”首尾呼应。

　　【答案】　C

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　One person can make a difference—purchase your copy of For America and discover simple ways to improve your life，your country，even the world.But a simple and attractive way to cut energy costs，improve air quality，and ensure public health is to grow a garden in the sky.

　　Each time a city building is set up，the grass in that spot and trees that once reached up to the sky are replaced by a layer of asphalt or a tar roof(一层沥青或柏油房顶)．The lost green space can have a very real effect on a city's air temperature，air quality，and energy costs.On a summer day in most American cities，a tar roof can feel like the inside of an oven(火炉)．But what if we could replace the hot roof of each skyscraper or building in a city with grass or a garden?

　　Whether it holds vegetable gardens，wildflowers，or grasses，a green roof can lower the temperature above a building by 60 degrees，which can reduce the building's energy costs and，if used more widely，could decrease a city's total energy costs，and improve air quality and public health.

　　But that's not all—green roofs are a great way to handle water management in urban areas by taking in much rainfall，provide shelters for urban wildlife，and actually extend the life of the roof itself.And green roofs also do something else：they beautify the city－whether you're on the 3rd floor or the 30th.Now that's a brilliant achievement.

　　The non－profit group Earth Pledge is promoting a Green Roofs Program.To learn more about a green roof，just click here：EarthPledge.com．

　　1．What can you learn from the article?

　　A．Green roofs will take the place of all asphalt or tar ones.

　　B．The Earth Pledge may be an environmental organization.

　　C．It's better to live on the top floor because of the green roofs.

　　D．Green roofs can take in all rainfall.

　　【解析】　从文章最后可以看出这个组织(地球宣言)应该是一个环保组织。选项A说法太绝对；选项D为绿色房顶能够吸收所有降水，明显不正确。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．We can learn from the passage that green roofs ________．

　　A．can help reduce temperature to 60 degrees

　　B．can help reduce city population

　　C．have a promising future in urban areas

　　D．are vital in improving people's health

　　【解析】　根据文章最后两段可知“房顶花园”前景看好。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．Which section of a website does this passage belong to?

　　A．Science.

　　B．Entertainment.

　　C．Education.

　　D．Environment.

　　【解析】　从第一段的“But a simple and attractive way to cut energy costs，improve air quality，and ensure public health is to grow a garden in the sky.”以及第二、三段的叙述可知，应是环境方面的内容。

　　【答案】　D

　　4．What do you think the article will talk about if the passage continues?

　　A．How to create a green roof.

　　B．The duty of the Earth Pledge.

　　C．The benefits of green roofs.

　　D．What to do with city pollution.

　　【解析】　本文已经说明了绿色房顶的益处，故排除C；选项B为地球宣言组织的责任和义务。根据文章最后“To learn more about a green roof...”一句可知下文还将说明有关绿色房顶的事情，只有A符合文义。

　　【答案】　A