2017届黑龙江省大庆市高三英语一轮阅读理解训练（7）及答案

　　黑龙江省大庆市2017高考英语阅读理解暑假练习（7）及答案

　　【浙江省2017高考英语模拟冲刺卷】

　　The discovery that language can be a barrier (障碍) to communication is quickly made by all

　　who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing or business, the lack of a common language can severely delay progress or can stop it altogether.

　　Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major results, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems or deadly accidents--even, at times, war. One reported example of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Possibly because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.

　　Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated (孤立的) examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem--something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English-speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 percent were for foreign language journals.

　　The language barrier presents itself entirely to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its assumption (设想) that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a matter to be considered first. In the 1960s, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing letters; many had their sales language only in English; and as many as 40 percent employed no one who was able to communicate in the customer's languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, especially the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English speaking countries were by no means free from the same problem--although the widespread use of English as an alternative (可替换的) language made them a bit more able to communicate with other countries.

　　The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training projects have promoted an increase in language and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services. Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries (词汇表), to ensure consistency (一致性) when material is being translated. It is now much more readily accepted that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged or ruined by a failure to take the language needs of the customer into consideration.

　　50. Communication problems may come to the attention of the public when ______.

　　A. somebody has died B. a serious traffic accident has happened

　　C. serious results have been caused D. people have trouble in travelling

　　51. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 2?

　　A. doctor B. mushroom C. poison D. treatment

　　52. What can we infer about American doctors from the case of the poisonous mushrooms?

　　A. They probably only read reports written in English.

　　B. They hadn’t read that report of the treatment.

　　C. They didn’t know how to treat such a case.

　　D. They were unable to get reports written in other languages.

　　53. Firms of English-speaking countries use English only when marketing their products because ______.

　　A. English is their official language

　　B. they don’t know their products will be sold abroad

　　C. people in their countries don’t know other languages

　　D. they think foreign customers will be happy when English is used

　　54. Which of the following ways has been used by the British companies to solve the problem of language barrier since the 1960s?

　　A. Employing foreign workers. B. Setting up their own translation services.

　　C. Providing English training for foreign customers.

　　D. Stopping exporting goods to foreign countries.

　　Passage C

　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于语言构成交流障碍的议论文。文章分别阐述了这种障碍所造成的后果、原因及人们采取的措施。

　　50．C．【解析】事实细节题。文中第二段有清晰说明。

　　51．D．【解析】词义推测题。根据前一个句中“食用了有毒蘑菇”，所在句中的“死亡”及下一句中的treatment，可推知其词义为“疗法”。

　　52．A．【解析】推理判断题。从文中第二段的事例及最后一句可推知。

　　53．D．【解析】事实细节题。文章第四段有明确说明。

　　54．B．【解析】事实判断题。从文章最后一段可找到选择与排除的依据。

　　社会生活类

　　On the last Sunday in July, 1997 my boyfriend and I decided to take my 4-year-old son to the beach for the day in Corpus Christi and to the aquarium (水族馆) there. We spent a pleasant day playing at the beach, watching my son run and play happy and free. We ended with a dinner, and then headed back home to San Antonio very late at night. When almost home we went off road and rolled ending up on the mask of the small pick up we were in. I almost lost my boyfriend who is my husband today for more than 11 years now. I was hurt too but we lost my son in the process. He died instantly the accident happened.

　　After losing him I felt so lost that I wanted to do nothing. It was then that my brother’s coming and some charming necklaces pushed me away from the sad state. He brought me many charms and all other things that my son accomplished while here on Earth. Today I have more than 35 charms on that necklace and I wear it on special occasions. I realized in such a short little life he had accomplished so much and as a result I was able to let the guilt go. I realized also he did all he wanted to do. The things I was mourning for were things I wanted for him. He was very happy. These charms also give me something physical that I can touch, which represents my little boy’s life. I can’t touch him physically but I can hold and wear my necklace and touch him in this way. We miss my son still terribly and always will but we trust in God that he knows what is best for us all and we are thankful for the time we had with him. We look forward to seeing him one day again too but until then we seek God, follow God, and do our best to serve Him and make Him proud.

　　1. The author wrote the passage　.

　　A. to describe the day they spent on the beach

　　B. to regret having taken her son there

　　C. to show deep thought of her son

　　D. to give praise her son was very smart

　　2. According to the first paragraph, the following are right EXCEPT　.

　　A. the couple had a good day on the beach with their son

　　B. visiting the aquarium is an exciting thing for them

　　C. they set out back for home late that day

　　D. her future husband got injured seriously

　　3. The reason the author got rid of her grief is that　.

　　A. her brother bought her some wonderful decorations

　　B. what her son had made when he was alive

　　C. she thought of her son good days when he was on Earth

　　D. she had found more interesting things to do

　　4. Why does the author say “I was able to let the guilt go”?

　　A. She shouldn’t have been so sad when her son died.

　　B. Her son had completed so many things.

　　C. She felt ashamed for what she had done.

　　D. Her son had lived in the world happily.

　　5. In what kind of moods did she wrote the article?

　　A. In a feeling of being misery.

　　B. In a feeling of missing her son.

　　C. In a feeling of taking pride.

　　D. In a feeling of feeling ashamed.

　　【参考答案】24.CABDB 　

　　【湖北省2017高考英语第二次联考试题】C

　　The American political class has long held that higher education is vital to individual and national success. The Obama administration has labeled college as “the ticket to the middle class”, and political leaders all have praised higher education as the best way to improve economic opportunity.

　　Yet despite such advice, total college enrollment (入学) has fallen by 1.5% since 2017. What’s causing the decline? While a shortage of birth in the mid-1990s accounts for some of the shift, big foreign enrollment makes up for that lack. The answer is simple: The benefits of a degree are declining while costs rise.

　　A key measure of the benefits of a degree is the college graduate’s earning potential and on this score, their advantage over high-school graduates is fading. Since 2006, the gap between what the median college graduate earned, compared with the median high-school graduate, has narrowed by $1,387 for men over 25 working full time, a 5% fall, women in the same category worse, losing 7% of their income advantage. A college degree’s declining value is even more noticeable for younger Americans. According to data collected by the College Board, for those in the 25-34 age range the difference between college graduate and high school graduate earnings fell 11% for men, to $18,303 from $20,623. The decline for women was an extraordinary 19.7%.

　　Meanwhile, the cost of college has increased 16.5% in 2017 since 2006, according to the Office of Labor Statistics’ higher education tuition-fee index. Tuition discount from universities has slowed down the rise, but not enough to balance the clear increase adjusted to the inflation (通货膨胀).

　　Underemployment has arisen with this situation. The 2017 College Affordability and Productivity Report showed explosive growth in the number of college graduates taking relatively unskilled jobs. In 1970 less than 1% of taxi drivers had college degrees. Four decades later, more than 15% do. This is only partly the result of the economic depression and public policies that have failed to produce employment growth. It’s also the result of an academic arms race in which universities have spent large sums on elegant dormitories and campus expansion. More significantly, it’s the result of sending more high-school graduates to college than professional fields can accommodate.

　　In 1970, when 11% of adult Americans had bachelor’s degrees or more, degree holders were viewed as the nation’s best and brightest. Today, with over 30% with degrees, a significant part of college graduates are similar to the average American --- not apparently smarter or more well-organized. Declining academic standards and grade inflation add to employers’ opinions that college degrees say little about job readiness.

　　59. The statistics in paragraph 3 show ______.

　　A. women graduates earn less than men graduates

　　B. younger Americans suffer more from the income decrease

　　C. high school graduates earn more than college graduates

　　D. college graduates’ income advantage is declining

　　60. Underemployment occurs mainly because ______.

　　A. more graduates tend to take unskilled jobs

　　B. academic competition among universities is acute

　　C. today graduates are not qualified for skilled work

　　D. colleges are producing more graduates than needed

　　61. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. Now degree holders are not smart and well-organized.

　　B. Graduates with college degree are not likely to get a job today.

　　C. Employers think college degree can’t guarantee good performance at work.

　　D. The past 40 years have seen the success of American higher education.

　　62. Which would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Colleges Are Losing Their Glory

　　B. Education Changes Social Position

　　C. High School Graduate Guarantee Good Future D. College Degree Is Promising

　　阅读理解

　　(2011·安徽卷，B)

　　Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (来源), as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

　　For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.

　　During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

　　风能早在公元前七世纪就开始被人们用风车所利用，当人们发明了电以后，风能被用来发电，但随着电的广泛使用，风车逐渐不被人们使用了。而进入二十世纪七十年代后，人们又逐渐认识到了风能的优势。

　　5．From the text we know that windmills ________.

　　A. were invented by European armies

　　B. have a history of more than 2,800 years

　　C. used to supply power to radio in remote areas

　　D. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered

　　答案：C。细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话可知风车首先是在古代伊朗被使用，故排除A项；公元前七世纪到现在应是不足2800年，故排除B项；由第二段当中的第二、三句话可以排除D项，同时也能知道C项是正确的。

　　6．What was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?

　　A. Sailing a boat.

　　B. Producing electricity.

　　C. Grinding wheat into flour. D. Pumping water from underground.

　　答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段中的第二句话可知“在十九世纪末期人们发现了电以后，住在偏远地区的人们开始用风车发电”。

　　7．One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ________.

　　A. wind power is cleaner

　　B. it is one of the oldest power sources

　　C. it was cheaper to create energy from wind

　　D. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs

　　答案：A。主旨大意题。由文章最后一段可知。

　　8．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

　　A. The advantages of wind power.

　　B. The design of wind power plants.

　　C. The worldwide movement to save energy.

　　D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.

　　答案：D。推理判断题。文章最后一句话“如今，出现了一个全球化的运动，要通过风能的利用来提供越来越多的电力”，表明作者会就这个话题继续展开。