语法对点讲练九 状语从句
一、时间状语从句
知识点讲解
时间状语从句在句子中起时间状语作用。在时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时;用一般过去时代替过去将来时。常用来引导时间状语从句的词有:
1.when, while, as
①when既可表示时间段,也可表示时间点,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或从句的动作先于主句的动作发生。
②while强调主从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在,从句用延续性动词。
③as通常和when通用,另外它还表示“随着……”;“一边……一边……”。
2.before
④表示“在……之前”;“还未……就”;“还没来得及……就……”。
⑤It will be/was+时间段+before表示“多久之后才……”。
3.since
⑥since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词用完成时。
⑦用在“It is+时间段+since ...”中,表示“自从……以来已经多长时间了”。since从句中的动词如果是延续性的,则理解为“某一动作结束已经多久了”。
4.until/till
⑧用于肯定句,表示主句的谓语动词的动作一直持续到某一时间为止。
⑨用于否定句,构成not ... until句型,意为“直到……才……”。
⑩not until置于句首,主句用倒装语序。
用于强调句型:It is/was not until ... that ...。
5.as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the minute/moment
充当连词引导时间状语从句,表示主从句的动作同时发生,意为“一……就……”。
6.no sooner ... than, hardly/scarcely ... when
意为“刚……就……”,no sooner, hardly, scarcely后用过去完成时, than, when后用一般过去时; no sooner, hardly, scarcely置于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
7.each time, every time, any time, the first/last time
用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每当……;每次……;任何时刻;第一次/上一次……”。
8.by the time
表示到某一时间为止,主句要用完成时。
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(~)
第一组 单项填空
1.(2017·湖南卷)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision.
A. although
B. before
C. because
D. unless
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 before“在……之前”,根据“在你做出决定之前……”可知答案为B项。
2.(2017·陕西卷)I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.
A. since
B. until
C. before
D. when
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 从句用一般过去时,指过去情况,主句用现在完成时,指现在情况,从主从句谓语动词关系看,连词使用since。since的意思是“自从……(至今)”。
3.It was only a very short time ________ the young lady found her cellphone stolen as she got on the crowded bus.
A. before
B. when
C. since
D. after
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 It will be/was+时间段+before ...“过了多久之后才……”。句意:没过多久,这位年轻的女士就发现她挤上拥挤的公交车时,手机被人偷了。
4.True love is like good health, whose value is seldom known ________ it is lost.
A. when
B. though
C. once
D. until
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:真爱就像健康,直到失去的时候你才知道它的价值。until“直到……为止”,符合句意。
5.— Why bother to buy it at such a high price?
— You mean you will wait ________ the price goes down?
A. since
B. once
C. until
D. while
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 until“直到……为止”,引导时间状语从句。until用于肯定句时,主句谓语动词为延续性动词。
6.In fact, many of our guests ask for accommodations here ________ they come.
A. at time
B. first time
C. for the first time
D. each time
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 each time“每次”,引导时间状语从句。
7.Mark promised me that he would tell Frank my message ________ he met him when he returned to school.
A. now that
B. the moment
C. in case
D. even if
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:马克答应我当弗兰克返回学校时,他一见到他就把我的口信传给他。the moment ...“一……就……”,用来引导时间状语从句。
第二组 语法填空
8.I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. It's ages ________ I enjoyed myself so much.
答案 since 知识点 ____
解析 since“自从……”,引导时间状语从句。
9.________ the warmer months come near, it's time to start thinking about how you can save water over the summer months.
答案 As 知识点 ____
解析 这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句, as“随着……”,符合题意。
10.(2017·湖南六校联考)He has been talented at designing and creating things ________ he was young.
答案 since 知识点 ____
解析 since“自从……”,引导时间状语从句,主句常用完成时态。
11.— It's a long time ________ I last saw you.
— Yes, and it will be another year ________ we can meet again.
答案 since;_before 知识点 __,__
解析 It's a long time since ... “自从……好长时间了”; It will be another year before ... “还有一年时间才……”。
12.— Did you stay up late last night?
— Not very late.It was half past eleven ________ I went to bed.
答案 when 知识点 ____
解析 when“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。it指时间,且half past eleven是个时间点,不是时间段,所以不能填before。
二、原因状语从句和让步状语从句
知识点讲解
1.原因状语从句
①because用来回答why的提问,表示必然的因果关系,语气最强。强调句式中强调原因状语时常用because引导。
②since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由,意为“因为;既然”。语气比because稍弱,常置于句首。
③as较口语化,往往是明显的原因,只是对结果的附带说明,常置于句首。
④now that与since同义,更加突出事实,置于句首时that可省略。
2.让步状语从句
though/although用法基本一致,置于句首,不能与but连用,但可与yet, still连用。though引导让步状语从句时,从句部分可用倒装语序。
as引导让步状语从句时,从句部分要用倒装语序“adj./adv./n./do+as+主语+谓语”结构,单数名词前不用冠词。
Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Try as he might, he still couldn't lift the big stone.
even if/though 即使;虽然;纵然,表示语气较强的让步。
while 虽然;尽管。
While I like the style of the coat, I do not like its colour.
whether ... or ... 不管……还是……。
We will begin our party whether he can come or not.
疑问词ever与“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,意为“不管……;无论……”。
特别提示 疑问词ever还可以引导名词性从句。
if any, if ever, if at all等与seldom, few, little, rarely等表示否定意义的词连用时,含有让步意义。
If ever a man needed help, it was I.
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(~)
第一组 单项填空
1.(2017·山东卷)Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless
B. until
C. although
D. since
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:马克需要学习汉语因为他的公司要在北京开设一个分公司。四个选项中只有since引导原因状语从句。故选D项。
2.(2017·山东卷)________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whoever
D. However
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:无论什么时候我要做演讲,在开始之前我都非常紧张。whatever“无论什么”; whenever“无论什么时候”; whoever“无论是谁”; however“无论怎样”。根据语境选B项。
3.(2017·四川卷)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ________ he wants to.
A. even if
B. as if
C. because
D. before
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:即使他想他也不能抽出足够的时间陪儿子,他太忙了。
4.(2017·安徽高考最后一卷)The elderly people still prefer to live in the countryside, ________ city life is considered as convenient and fast.
A. while
B. unless
C. though
D. as
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 根据句意可知这是一个让步状语从句,用though引导。as和while也可以引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时要倒装; while引导让步状语从句时,一般要位于句首,且语气比though弱。故选C项。
5.(2017·上海浦东新区二模)________ the direct personality of Americans is widely appreciated, it sometimes surprises foreigners.
A. Since
B. If
C. When
D. While
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:虽然美国人的率直的个性被广泛赞赏,但它有时也会使外国人大吃一惊。while引导让步状语从句。本题选择D项。
6.They are regularly sent booklets about personal safety, but they barely read them, ________ they have so much paperwork to deal with.
A. while
B. if
C. though
D. as
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:虽然他们经常被寄送关于个人安全的小册子,但是他们很少阅读它们,因为他们有很多文书工作要处理。用as引导原因状语从句。本题选择D项。
7.(2017·陕西五校三模)Never believe anything ________ any other person has believed it. Use your own head.
A. that
B. when
C. because
D. once
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:别因为别人相信它,就相信任何东西。用用你的脑子。由because引导原因状语从句,本题选择C项。
第二组 语法填空
8.________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
答案 However 知识点 ____
解析 句意:不论你怎么努力,你如果不减少进食的量就很难减肥。hard是副词,其前面只能用however, however引导让步状语从句。
9.Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
答案 as/though 知识点 ____
解析 句意:晚上虽然很热,但是因为长途旅行之后很累,我们睡得很沉。as/though引导让步状语从句,此时可将从句中的表语、状语或者是动词原形提到as/though之前。
10.________ you are familiar with the author's ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.
答案 Now_that 知识点 ____
解析 句意:既然你熟悉作者的意思,试着尽快读所有章节。now that“既然;由于”,引导原因状语从句,表示原因没有because强烈,常用于口语中。
三、目的、结果、地点、条件、方式和比较状语从句知识点讲解
1.目的状语从句
①so that, in order that从句中谓语常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。当从句与主句主语一致时,可以把从句转换成不定式。
②in case, for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)do”形式。
2.结果状语从句
③so/such ... that ...表示“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。so修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词。
3.地点状语从句
④where, wherever引导地点状语从句,可以指具体地点或抽象地点含义。
4.条件状语从句
⑤if, unless, once, when, as/so long as, on condition that, provided/providing that, assuming that, supposing that等可以引导条件状语从句,表示主句成立的条件。
⑥当条件句所假设的是不可能实现的条件,或是与事实相反的条件时,主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。
5.方式状语从句
⑦as, as if, as though等可以引导方式状语从句,表示主句动作发生或存在的方式方法。
⑧as if, as though引导的方式状语从句若与事实相反,要用虚拟语气;若与事实相符,就用陈述语气。
⑨A is to B what C is to D意为“A对B而言,正如C对D一样”,是一个固定句型。
Air is to us what water is to fish.
6.比较状语从句
⑩as ... as ...用于同等程度的比较,否定句用not
so/as ... as ...。
as, than连接的比较状语从句常常省去同主语相同的部分,只留下相比的部分。
Steel is more useful than iron (is).
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①~)
第一组 单项填空
1.(2017·江西卷)She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
A. if
B. unless
C. after
D. when
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:她说除非生意好转,不然将不得不关闭店铺。unless“除非”,符合句意。
2.(2017·北京卷)I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case
B. even if
C. ever since
D. if only
答案 __A__ 知识点 __②__
解析 主句的意思是“休假时我随身带着我的驾驶证”,从句说明“带驾驶证”的目的:以防要租车。in case“以防万一”,引导目的状语从句。
3.(2017·湖南六校联考)We have built a new hospital ________ there used to be a garden.
A. in which
B. what
C. when
D. where
答案 __D__ 知识点 __④__
解析 句意:我们在曾经是花园的地方已经建了一所新的医院。本题考查where引导的地点状语从句。
4.If you had told me in advance, I ________ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. had met
C. would have met
D. met
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑥__
解析 句意:如果你提前告诉我的话,我就会去机场接他了。根据if条件句可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,主句谓语的形式为“would/could/might/should+have+过去分词”,故选C项。
5.— Do you have the time? I've got something to tell you.
— OK, ________ you make your story short.
A. now that
B. even if
C. so long as
D. in case
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑤__
解析 根据语境,答话人同意了请求,但提出了一个条件。用so long as引导条件状语从句。now that引导原因状语从句; even if引导让步状语从句; in case引导目的状语从句。本题选择C项。
6.(2017·安徽卷)It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A. unless
B. when
C. even though
D. so that
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑤__
解析 when在此句中意为“倘若;如果”。
7.(2017·上海卷)The police officers in our city work hard ________ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
答案 __C__ 知识点 __①__
解析 主句的意思是“我们市里的警员努力工作”,从句要说明为什么他们努力工作,用in order that“为了;以便于”引导目的状语从句“为了让我们其余的人能过上安全的生活”。
第二组 语法填空
8.Ann is so talented and excellent an actor ________ many fans admire her.
答案 that 知识点 __③__
解析 句意:安是一个如此有天赋又优秀的演员以至于很多粉丝都很崇拜她。本题考查so ... that ...结构。
9.If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
答案 where 知识点 __④__
解析 句意:如果你在野外迷路了,最好原地不动,等待帮助。where引导的从句作stay的地点状语。
10.All the photographs in this book, ________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
答案 unless 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:书中所有的照片,除非另有说明,否则都是20世纪50年代的。unless stated是unless they are stated的省略。unless引导条件状语从句。
11.________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
答案 Once 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:一旦环境遭到破坏,恢复生态系统需要许多年。once引导条件状语从句。
12.If things are left ________ they are, the problems will never be settled, I'm afraid.
答案 as 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意:如果事情任其自然,恐怕什么问题都不能解决。as“如同……一样”,引导方式状语从句。
13.________ you use the Internet a lot, especially to download a large file, the increased speed may be a big benefit.
答案 If 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:如果你经常使用互联网,尤其是下载一个大文件夹,速度的增加可能是一个很大的好处。if引导条件状语从句。
四、状语从句的省略和判断
知识点讲解
1.状语从句的省略
①表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有动词be,主语又和主句主语一致,或其主语是it时,可将主语和be动词一起省略。
Though (it is) cold, he still wears a shirt.
Unless (you are) here, you can't find this kind of plants.
②if possible/necessary/so也运用了省略形式。
If (it is) so, you must go back and get it.
2.状语从句的判断
置于句首又没有逗号隔开的一定是主语从句。
Whether_we_will_go_for_an_outing_tomorrow remains unknown.
置于句首,有逗号隔开的一定是状语从句。
If_he_comes_back,_please let me know.
及物动词后面的从句一定是宾语从句。
I don't know if_there_will_be_a_bus_any_more.
不及物动词后面的从句一定是状语从句。
You will certainly succeed so_long_as_you_keep_on_trying.
紧跟在主语、宾语或名词表语后面的从句一定是定语从句或同位语从句。
A prosperity which/that_had_never_been_seen_before appears in the countryside.(定语从句)
He is the man whom/that_I_saw_yesterday.(定语从句)
We heard the news that_our_team_had_won.(同位语从句)
主语、宾语或名词表语后面有逗号隔开的从句是最难判断的,可能性有两个:一是非限制性定语从句,二是状语从句。与前面名词或代词有修饰、限制或指代关系的从句一定是定语从句,与前面的名词或代词没有修饰关系,而是修饰该从句后面的动词或宾语或表语前面的动词的从句一定是状语从句。
Mr Smith, who_has_just_come_from_abroad,_will give us a lecture tomorrow.(定语从句)
My teacher, although_he_is_strict_with_us,_will always help us when_we_are_in_trouble.(状语从句)
where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句则无先行词。
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(~)
1.We shouldn't drink ________ we drive and we mustn't drive if we've drunk.
A. unless
B. before
C. until
D. while
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:我们应该开车前不喝酒,喝酒了不开车。根据句意和常理,开车前不该喝酒,所以选用before。
2.(2017·东北三校二次联考)The new teacher was so well organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.
A. when
B. in which
C. how
D. where
答案 __D__ 知识点 __,__
解析 句意:这个新老师非常有条理,她从昨天停下的地方接着讲,所以一个要点都没有遗漏。where引导地点状语从句。
3.________ is surprising is that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto.
A. It
B. That
C. Which
D. What
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:让人惊讶的是,多伦多有如此众多的中餐馆。第二个is之前的部分是主语从句,该从句中又缺少真正的主语,再结合句意可知,应选D项。
4.(2017·北京卷)— Look at those clouds!
— Don't worry. ________ it rains, we'll still have a great time.
A. Even if
B. As though
C. In case
D. If only
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 答语句意:别担心。即使下雨,我们仍然会玩得很开心。even if引导让步状语从句。
5.The designer asked ________ we were getting on well with the project.
A. how
B. what
C. if
D. that
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:设计者询问我们这项工程进展是否顺利。动词asked后的宾语从句不缺主语和宾语,故排除B项;又因从句中well的存在而排除how;根据句意可知D项不正确。因此选C项, if (=whether)表示“是否”。
6.— Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?
— It was in the cinema ________ I regularly go.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. what
答案 __C__ 知识点 __,__
解析 句意:——你是在哪儿看的李安导演的电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》?——在我常去的那个电影院。答语是一个强调句的省略句式,完整句子应为“It was in the cinema ________ I regularly go that I saw the movie.”。“In the cinema ________ I regularly go”为被强调部分,空处引导的从句为the cinema的定语,根据句意,从句缺少地点状语,所以选where。
7.________ I can't fully understand what his music conveys, his performance is quite impressive.
A. As
B. Since
C. If
D. While
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:尽管我不能充分理解他的音乐所表达的东西,但他的表演确实让人印象深刻。while在此处引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”。
8.(2017·浙江卷)There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated
B. not being treated
C. not to be treated
D. not having been treated
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 treat与health problems为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式在句中作时间状语,该句为一般事实,故A项正确。
9.(2017·温州十校联考)________, I will help you with your work so that it could be done ahead of time.
A. If any
B. If ever
C. If possible
D. If not
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 If possible是If it is possible的省略,意为“如果可能的话”,符合句意。if any“如果有的话”; if ever“如果有过的话;很少”; if not“如果不是这样”,均不合句意。本题选择C项。
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