2015届高考英语一轮复习课时作业3 Unit 3（人教版必修1）

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　　课时提升作业(三)

　　必修1　Unit 3

　　Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　A

　　To hitch-hike successfully in any country you must be able to do two things: attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. To fulfill the first requirement you must have some mark to distinguish you at once from all other hikers. A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform, and a student his red scarf. In a foreign country an unmistakable indication of your own nationality will also arrest a driver’s attention.

　　When I hitch-hiked 9, 500 miles across the United States and back recently I wore a well-tailored suit, a bowler hat and a trench coat, and carried a pencil-thin rolled black umbrella. My suitcase was decorated with British flags. Having plenty of luggage, moreover, I was not likely to be suspected of being a dangerous lunatic(精神病患者). I then had to get across to the driver the idea that I was a real traveler, and needed to get somewhere cheaply.

　　But even with careful preparation, you must not assume that the task will be easy. You should be prepared to wait a little, for there are drivers who confess to a fierce prejudice against, (not to say hatred of)hitch-hikers, and would no more pick up a hiker than march from Aldermaston to London. In America, my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day: they probably took less pains to make themselves easy to notice.

　　Nor must you assume that all the drivers who stop for you are nice, normal people. On one occasion I found myself driving with two boys of about nineteen who turned out to be on the run from the police, and were hoping to use me as an alibi. There are also lesser(较小的)risks: you may find yourself in the car of a Fascist fanatic, a Mormon missionary(传教士), or just a bad driver. You cannot tell, of course until you are in the car. But you soon learn the art of the quick excuse that gets you out again.

　　If the hitch-hiker in the US remembers that he is seeking the willingness of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, and not go to sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of American of the West. It will also help if he can drive—I think that I drove myself about 4, 500 of those 9, 500 miles I hitch-hiked in the States.

　　【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者如何搭乘便车的一些经验, 如装束、等车、遇到的司机, 还特别提及了在美国的一些有关搭乘便车的趣事。

　　1. A serviceman should wear his uniform　.

　　A. so as not to look too unusual

　　B. to attract attention

　　C. to show he is on duty

　　D. to put the driver at ease

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. . . A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform”可以得知答案。

　　2. In Paragraph 3, we learn that the writer　.

　　A. has sometimes failed to hitch a ride

　　B. has marched from Aldermaston to London

　　C. has been successful in hitching a ride

　　D. has had to wait for long hours for a ride

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句中my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day可知作者是比较成功的。

　　3. The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that　.

　　A. it is dangerous to be in a car with strangers

　　B. hitch-hiking may turn out to be risky sometimes

　　C. a hitch-hiker must also learn the art of quick excuse

　　D. hitch-hikers might come across bad drivers

　　【解析】选B。段落大意题。第四段的第一句是主题句。遇到的司机不见得个个都是正常人, 从后面的例子也得知乘便车是有危险性的。

　　4. A suitable title for the passage would be“　”.

　　A. The art of hitch-hiking

　　B. An Englishman’s view of the US

　　C. An English hitch-hiker

　　D. The joys and dangers of hitch-hiking

　　【解析】选A。主旨大意题。此处的art是“技巧”的意思。全文讲的是搭乘便车的一些经验和技巧, 故A是最佳答案。

　　B

　　“Children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的)to play with a dog. ”say experts in this week’s British Medical Journal. Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.

　　“Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children. ”write Marina Morgan and John Palmer. Every year 250, 000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls.

　　Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines.

　　Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病).

　　In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.

　　“Dog owners also need to change their behavior”, says Rachel Besser, a children’s doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article.

　　“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”, she says. Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs.

　　Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs.

　　【文章大意】狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注, 为此, 需要采取一定的措施。

　　5. Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem　.

　　A. doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to

　　B. happening only to a few children of the world

　　C. only boys may meet with

　　D. about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines

　　【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. ”可知, 专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题, 故答案选A项。

　　6. The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 4 refers to“　”.

　　A. doctors

　　B. parents

　　C. experts

　　D. dog owners

　　【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据“Based on the latest medical evidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断, 他们是指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们, 故选C项。

　　7. What are Rachel Besser’s words mainly about?

　　A. All the dog owners would like children not to be left unsupervised with a dog.

　　B. All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs.

　　C. Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision.

　　D. Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知, 雷切尔医生认为, 并非所有的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有大人的照看。由此判断选C项。

　　8. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Dogs, Dangerous To Children

　　B. Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs

　　C. Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly

　　D. Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs

　　【解析】选D。主旨大意题。狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重, 那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢? 这才是本文的写作重点, 而只有D项更能说明此问题, 故正确答案选D项。

　　Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　One famous artist Sheikh went back to his hometown. He hadn’t seen one of his friends for many years, who was a　1　and needy man. When Sheikh asked about him, he was told by people that the man he was　2　was a rich man and no longer poor. Sheikh　3　to pay a visit to his friend.

　　　4　talking with his friend, Sheikh asked him the　5　for the change in his situation. The man replied that he had been so poor that he was forced to　6　some properties(财产)that belonged to him, like furniture(家具). By selling these things, he had　7　some money enough to start a　8　with.

　　As he was on his way back to his house with the　9　, he saw a poor lady　10　by the road. The man asked the lady the reason, and she　11　that her husband died and her children were　12　. Hearing this, the man felt　13　for her, and on seeing that she　14　the money more than himself, he gave all the money to her. He　15　home and spent the night, sad and　16　for his family.

　　The next morning, 　17　he was summoned(召唤)to the house of a rich man. He was told by the rich man that he had six thousand bags of　18　which he wanted to sell quickly and the man could buy it at a　19　price on loan(借用)from him. The poor man did so and sold the rice　20　. He took some more bags several days later and in this way he was able to make much more money. Soon he became rich.

　　【文章大意】著名艺术家Sheikh的一个朋友曾经是非常贫困的人, 他卖掉家产想做一些小本生意。但他在途中遇到一个死去丈夫的妇人带着饥饿的孩子, 他把所有的钱都给了她。他的善心得到了一个富人的信任, 以低价借给他六千袋大米, 让他去卖, 不久他变得很富有。

　　1. A. cleverB. rich　C. lazy　D. poor

　　【解析】选D。词汇复现题。由第二段中The man replied that he had been so poor that he was forced to　some properties that belonged to him, like furniture. 可知他是穷人, 故选D项。

　　2. A. living with B. waiting for

　　C. asking about

　　D. listening to

　　【解析】选C。词汇复现题。由此句的前半句“When Sheikh asked about him. . . ”可知此处指Sheikh打听的人, 故选C项, ask about询问, 打听; live with和……住在一起; wait for等待; listen to听。

　　3. A. decided B. forgot

　　C. refused

　　D. tried

　　【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由后文可知, 他去了那个朋友家, 此处应该指他决定去拜访这位朋友, 故选A项, decide决定; forget忘记; refuse拒绝; try尽力。

　　4. A. Until B. Before

　　C. AfterD. While

　　【解析】选D。逻辑关系题。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知这两句应该是同时进行的, 故选D项, while当……的时候; until直到; before在……之前; after在……之后。

　　5. A. message B. reason

　　C. time

　　D. plan

　　【解析】选B。词义辨析题。由句意可知, Sheikh是问他状况改变的“原因”, 故选B项。message信息; time时间; plan计划。

　　6. A. sell B. make

　　C. keep

　　D. find

　　【解析】选A。词汇复现题。由下一句By selling these things, he hadsome money enough to start a　with. 可知他把属于他的财产, 像家具之类的卖(sell)了, 故选A项。

　　7. A. saved B. collected

　　C. paid

　　D. wasted

　　【解析】选B。词语辨析题。由句意可知, 卖了家具之后筹集了一些钱, 故B项合适。save节省; collect筹集; pay付款; waste浪费。

　　8. A. travel B. business

　　C. family

　　D. lesson

　　【解析】选B。背景常识题。由常识可知, 他卖了一些财产, 应该是想做一些小本生意来改变状况, 故选B项, start a business意为“开始做生意”。

　　9. A. money B. news

　　C. hope

　　D. furniture

　　【解析】选A。词汇复现题。由By selling these things, he had　some money enough to start a　with. 可知此时应该是带着钱回家, 故选A项。

　　10. A. crying B. walking

　　C. sleeping

　　D. standing

　　【解析】选A。前后照应题。由后一句提到的The man asked the lady the reason, and she　that her husband died and her children were　. 可知这个妇人丈夫死了, 这种情况应该是在路边大哭, 故选A项。

　　11. A. believed B. explainedC. shouted

　　D. imagined

　　【解析】选B。前后照应题。由此空前面的The man asked the lady the reason. . . 可知他问她原因, 这个妇人应该是给出解释, 故选B项, explain解释; believe相信; shout呼喊; imagine想象。

　　12. A. hungry B. dangerous

　　C. crazy

　　D. angry

　　【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由前文她在大哭, 她的丈夫死了, 及后文他给她钱可推知, 她的孩子们应该在挨饿, 故选A项, hungry饥饿的; dangerous危险的; crazy疯狂的; angry生气的。

　　13. A. sadness B. interest

　　C. shame

　　D. pity

　　【解析】选D。固定搭配题。feel pity for为固定搭配, 意为“怜悯某人”。sadness悲伤; interest兴趣; shame羞耻。

　　14. A. took B. needed

　　C. owned

　　D. earned

　　【解析】选B。词义辨析题。由句意可知, 他看到她比自己更需要钱, 于是把所有的钱都给了她, 故选B项。take意为“需要”时, 通常用it作形式主语, 指做某事需要多长时间; own意为“拥有”; earn意为“挣钱, 获得”, 均不合语境。

　　15. A. drove B. returned

　　C. left

　　D. stayed

　　【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。由时间发展的顺序及后面的“spent the night, sad”可知他应该是回到了家里, 故选B项。return返回; drive开车; leave离开; stay停留。

　　16. A. worried B. pleased

　　C. excited

　　D. frightened

　　【解析】选A。前后照应题。准备做生意的钱给了他人, 回到家后应该是为自己一家的未来感到担心, 故选A项, worried担心的; pleased高兴的; excited兴奋的; frightened害怕的。

　　17. A. happily B. surprisingly

　　C. carelessly

　　D. unluckily

　　【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。此处指他受到一个富人的召唤, 这件事情应该是“令人吃惊地”, 故选B项, surprisingly令人吃惊地; happily幸福地; carelessly粗心地; unluckily不幸地。

　　18. A. rice B. meat

　　C. vegetables

　　D. clothes

　　【解析】选A。词汇复现题。由本段倒数第三句中的“sold the rice”可知这个富人有六千袋大米要出售, 故选A项。

　　19. A. low B. fair

　　C. high

　　D. right

　　【解析】选A。前后照应题。由富人对他的信任, 以及后文他把大米卖了变富了, 可知这个富人应该是低价把大米贷给他卖, 故选A项, low低的; fair中等的, 公平的; high高的; right正确的。

　　20. A. slowly B. quickly

　　C. hardly

　　D. finally

　　【解析】选B。前后照应题。由后文的“He took some more bags several days later. . . ”可知几天后又多带了几袋大米, 可知他的大米卖得快, 故选B项。

　　【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着

　　阅读理解——如何辨别主旨大意题的错误选项

　　在阅读理解中, 主旨大意题的错误选项一般有以下几个特点:

　　1. 以偏概全。故意片面地理解文章, 把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。

　　2. 放大或缩小文章的主题。把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。

　　3. 偷换概念。把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。

　　请说出A篇阅读理解中三个错误选项分别属于哪种错误类型。