2015届广东省韶关市高考英语一轮课外自练（6）及答案

　　短文语法填空【1】

　　广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history, Albert Einstein is perhaps the __1__ (great). An American university president once commented that Einstein had created __2__ new view of the universe. His theory has completely changed the way scientists understand time and space. Now, more and more people agree that the universe is something more complicated than __3__ they have ever thought before.

　　Einstein __4__ (bear) in Germany in 1879. In 1914, young Einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. However, __5__ peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War.

　　Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war; he sat __6__ (happily) in his office doing nothing and __7__ (lose) interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.

　　In the years __8__ (follow) the First World War, people showered honor upon him. He became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Noble Prize __9__ Physics and was greatly honored and respected in Germany. However, his life was again disrupted. The Second World War broke out and Einstein had to move to the US，__10__ he lived until his death in 1955.

　　1．[解析]　结合语境考查形容词的最高级。由上文信息可知此处表示三者以上的人之间的比较，所以用最高级。句意：在为数不多的对科学和历史有重大影响的科学家中，爱因斯坦是最伟大的。

　　[答案]　greatest

　　2． [解析]　结合语境考查冠词。a new view of...“看待……的一种新观点”。结合语境可知，应用a，因为不定冠词可以表示泛指。

　　[答案]　a

　　3． [解析]　结合语境考查名词性从句。此处what相当于the universe that。句意为“现在越来越多的人赞同这个说法：宇宙要比他们以前想象的复杂得多”。

　　[答案]　what

　　4． [解析]　结合语境考查动词的时态和语态。表示人的出生常用was born。句意：爱因斯坦于1879年生于德国。

　　[答案]　was born

　　5． [解析]　结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。名词前设空，答案首选限定词；结合语境可知，此处应填his。句意：然而，很快第一次世界大战把他平静的生活打破了。

　　[答案]　his.

　　6． [解析]　结合语境考查词形转换。由文章中的“Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war”可知此处用happily不合适，应用它的反义词unhappily。

　　[答案]　unhappily

　　7． [解析]　结合语境考查动词的时态。本题易误用losing，认为其与前面的doing nothing并列。实际上doing nothing在此处作动词sat的伴随状语，动词lost表示的动作与前面的sat表示的动作并列。

　　[答案]　lost

　　8． [解析]　结合语境考查非谓语动词作定语。此处意为“在第一次世界大战以后的日子里”。years与动词follow之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。

　　[答案]　following

　　9． [解析]　结合语境考查介词的用法。表示获得某方面的诺贝尔奖时常用介词for。句意：1921年他荣获诺贝尔物理学奖，深受德国人民的爱戴。

　　[答案]　for

　　10． [解析]　结合语境考查定语从句。表示地点的名词后设空时，很多情况下选用where引导定语从句。此处用where指代先行词the US，在定语从句中充当地点状语。

　　答案]　where

　　【由云南省昆明市2017一模试卷改编】

　　完形填空阅读下面短文,

　　从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,

　　选出最佳选项,

　　并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Six continuous days of spring rain had created a fierce and rapid river running by Nancy Brown's fam. As she tried to drive her

　　1

　　to higher ground to escape the disastrous flood, she

　　2

　　and hit her head on a

　　3

　　tree trunk. The fall knocked her

　　4

　　for a moment or two. When she came to, Lizzie, one of her oldest and

　　5

　　cows, was licking her

　　6

　　. The water was constantly

　　7

　　. Nancy got up and began walking

　　8

　　with Lizzie. The water was now waist high. Nancy's

　　9

　　got slower and slower. Finally, all she could do was to throw her anus

　　10

　　neck and try to

　　11 . About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to

　　12

　　herself and Nancy out of the rough water and onto a bit of high land, a small island now in the middle of acres of

　　13

　　water.

　　However, even though it was about noon, the sky was so _14_ and the rain and lightning so bad that it took

　　15

　　another two hours to discover Nancy and her cows. A(n)

　　16

　　lowered a paramedic (医务辅助人员) , who

　　17

　　Nancy to a life-support hoist (吊架). They raised her into the helicopter and took her to the school gym, where the Red Cross had

　　18

　　an emergency shelter.

　　When the flood died down several days later, Nancy immediately

　　19

　　the island. Lizzie was

　　20

　　. She was one of the 19 cows that Nancy lost. "I owe my life to her," said Nancy sobbingly, knowing Lizzie, which rescued her, left helplessly, leaving her a new hope to live on, for which even thanks or miss seemed "unnecessary".

　　11. A. sheep

　　B. cows

　　C. horses

　　D. cattle

　　12. A. shouted

　　B. stood

　　C. stopped

　　D. slipped

　　13. A. fallen

　　B. grown

　　C. hidden

　　D. spread

　　14. A. out

　　B. in

　　C. away

　　D. down

　　15. A. last

　　B. first

　　C. favorite

　　D. best

　　16. A. body

　　B. head

　　C. face

　　D. mouth

　　17. A. increasing

　　B. flowing

　　C. running

　　D. rising

　　18. A. easily

　　B. slowly

　　C. hardly

　　D. hurriedly

　　19. A. move

　　B. breath

　　C. pace

　　D. action

　　10. A. above

　　B. around

　　C. over

　　D. into

　　11. A. hang on

　　B. hold back

　　C. stretch out

　　D. take off

　　12. A. pull

　　B. push

　　C. carry

　　D. force

　　13. A. clean

　　B. blue

　　C. white

　　D. green

　　14. A. bright

　　B. dark

　　C. clear

　　D. rainy

　　15. A. rescuers

　　B. villagers

　　C. soldiers

　　D. policemen

　　16. A. lifeboat

　　B. helicopter

　　C. plane

　　D. ambulance

　　17. A. sent

　　B. attached

　　C. connected

　　D. dragged

　　18. A. worked out

　　B. got into

　　C. put down

　　D. set up

　　19. A. ran out of

　　B. went away from

　　C. went back to

　　D. reached out for

　　20. A. gone

　　B. existed

　　C. disappeared

　　D. approached

　　【参考答案】完形填空1—20、BDAAC

　　CDBCB

　　AACBA

　　BBDCA

　　阅读理解【1】

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The 2017 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added—a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

　　After a period of calm within the Sun,scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2017,just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

　　Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth,causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.

　　“The Sun’s activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites,“ said Professor Richard Harrison,head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

　　At the peak of the cycle,violent outbursts calledcoronal mass ejections(日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun’s atmosphere,throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. “A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount,can disable satellites,cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,” Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

　　Next week in America,NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO),which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

　　The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of thesolar flares(太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

　　Professor Richard Holdaway,the lab’s director,said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth. “If we have advance warning,we’ll be able to reduce the damage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s caused the problem,” he said.

　　1. The phrase “communications blackout” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to　during the 2017 Olympics.　

　　A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

　　B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

　　C. the transportation breakdown in London

　　D. the destruction of weather satellites

　　2. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

　　A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.

　　B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

　　C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

　　D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

　　3. According to the passage,NASA will launch a satellite to　.　

　　A. take images of the solar system

　　B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

　　C. keep track of solar activities

　　D. improve the communications on Earth

　　4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Solar Storms:　An Invisible Killer

　　B. Solar Storms:　Earth Environment in Danger

　　C. Solar Storms:　Threatening the Human Race

　　D. Solar Storms:　Human Activities to Be Troubled

　　【参考答案】1—4、BDCD

　　阅读理解【2】

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The term“multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.

　　In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain seans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex“moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed(拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that“moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.

　　Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.

　　We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.

　　1. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?

　　A. To make them more productive.

　　B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.

　　C. To develop their communication skills.

　　D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily.

　　2. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called?

　　A. He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.

　　B. He is probably interrupted by another task.

　　C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.

　　D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.

　　3. People tend to make mistakes when　.　

　　A. they perform several challenging tasks at a time

　　B. new messages are processed one after another

　　C. their relationships with others are affected

　　D. the tasks require little thought

　　4. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Multitasking has become a way of life.

　　B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.

　　C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.

　　D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.

　　【参考答案】1--4 、ABAB

　　短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding or birthday party. I still remember clear one day last year when Tom, a disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude for her. He owing his entire life to his mother’s kind and care. With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight his disability. As a result the great effort he has made, he was finally admitted to a key university.

　　【答案】

　　改错

　　第一行 flowers 改为 flower; 去掉been

　　第二行 visiting 改为 visit

　　第三行 clear 改为 clearly

　　第五行 for 改为 to; owing 改为 owed; kind 改为 kindness; With 改为 Without

　　第七行 result 与the之间加of; has 改为 had