2017高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修一 Unit4 Earthquakes

　　Unit4　Earthquakes

　　1、rescue n．&vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.

　　(2) The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.

　　(3) Michael rescued a boy from drowning.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 营救　B. 救援

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) A

　　rescue sb. / sth. from sb. / sp. 把……从……营救出来

　　come to/ go to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb. 援救某人

　　a rescue team 救援队

　　a rescue mission 救援任务

　　rescue workers 救援人员用rescue的适当形式填空

　　(1) The mother, along with her two children, has been rescued from the sinking boat by a passing ship.

　　(2) The firemen rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.

　　2、judge n．&vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) His father used to be a judge.

　　(2) She's a good judge of wine.

　　(3) He was one of the judge in the final.

　　(4) Don't judge a man by his looks.

　　根据语义找匹配：

　　A. 判断　B. 鉴赏家　C. 法官　D. 裁判

　　(1) C　(2) B　(3) D　(4) A

　　judge sb. / sth. by/from 通过……判断……

　　judging from/by… 从……来看， 根据……判断

　　judge between right and wrong 判断是非

　　in one's judgement 依某人看；依某人判断as far as I judge 在我看来

　　Don't judge a book by its cover. 不可凭外表作出判断。

　　judging from/by…是一个独立成分句型，一般地说，它只用其v.­ing形式作状语。

　　Judging from the sky, it's likely to rain. 从天空中看，天好像要下雨了。用与judge相关的词汇填空

　　(1)Judging from his appearance, he must be a rich man.

　　(2)In her judgment， he must be from the south.

　　3、ruin vt.&n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) The hurricane ruined all the houses here.

　　(2) He ruined his prospects by carelessness.

　　(3)After the earthquake, all the buildings in the city were in ruins.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 断送　B. 摧毁　C. 废墟

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　be in ruins 呈一片废墟

　　fall into ruin 变成废墟

　　come to ruin 毁灭，落空

　　ruin oneself 自我毁灭

　　bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭ruin/damage/destroy

　　ruin 指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复；

　　damage主要用于无生命的东西，常指对价值和功能的损坏，可修复；

　　destroy意为“毁坏，消灭”，指不可修复的破坏。

　　根据语境使用ruin的正确形式填空

　　We visited the ruins of Yuanmingyuan last summer. It was ruined by the foreign invaders. Seeing the ruined palace we feel very pitiful.

　　4、 injure vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) They were slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash.

　　(2) This could seriously injure the school's reputation. 根据语义找匹配：A. 受伤　B. 损害

　　(1) A　(2) B

　　injured adj. 受伤的

　　injury n. 伤口，受伤处

　　do an injury to sb. 伤害某人

　　an injured look / expression 一副委屈的样子/神色

　　injured pride / feelings 受伤的自尊/感情 wound/harm/hurt/injure/spoil

　　wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。

　　In the modern war, not many soldiers were wounded or killed.

　　harm 指无形的伤害，“对……有害”。常指伤及一个人的健康、权利、事业等。

　　Don't often listen to the loud music. It will harm your hearing. hurt (肉体或精神上的)伤害；(身体部位)感到疼，强调疼痛。

　　Your words really hurt him a lot.

　　It hurts me to think that so many people died in the flood.

　　injure 常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害。多指事故中人或物的损伤，包括容貌、生理、身体等。

　　He fell from the second floor and was badly injured/hurt. spoil vt. 强调“元气上、价值上、或活力上的损坏”，也指日常生活中的某事“不顺利，碰钉子”。

　　Postcards always spoil my holidays.

　　明信片老是破坏我的假期。

　　巧记：根据语境用injure的恰当形式填空

　　(1)Most people protect themselves from injury to their self­esteem, for they think if their self­esteem was injured greatly, they will feel

　　injured. 单项填空

　　()(2) My chest ______ when I make a deep breath, doctor.

　　A. harms

　　B. wounds

　　C. hurts

　　D. injures

　　C　考查动词词义辨析。根据语境：我在深呼吸时会胸痛。其后没有宾语，只能用不及物动词hurt，所以答案是C。

　　5、the number of ＋ n．(pl.)

　　The_number_of the students standing outside is about twenty.

　　站在外面的学生的数目大约是20。the number of ＋ n．(pl.)表示“……的数量”。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。表示数量的多少，用large和small, 不用many和few。如：

　　表示“许多”的短语

　　(1)a large / great/ good number of

　　a great many

　　a good few / quite a few ＋ n. (复数)

　　(作主语，谓语动词用复数形式)(2)many a

　　more than one ＋ n. (单数)

　　(作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式)

　　(3)a great/ good deal of

　　quite a little＋ n. (不可数名词)

　　(作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式)(4)a large amount of

　　large amounts of ＋ n. (不可数名词)

　　(作主语，谓语动词根据amount的单复数决定)

　　(5)a large quantity of

　　large quantities of ＋ n. (复数)或＋ n. (不可数名词)

　　(作主语，谓语动词根据quantity 的数决定)the number of / a number of

　　a number of＋可数名词，意为“许多的、大量的……”，其后的谓语动词用复数；

　　the number of＋可数名词，意为“……的数目”， 其后的谓语动词用单数。单项填空

　　()(1) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since 2009.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　C　考查主谓一致和时态。主语是 the number of foreign students, 故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 2009，所以用完成时态。

　　() (2) With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.

　　A. is washing away

　　B. is being washed away

　　C. are washing away

　　D. are being washed away

　　D　考查主谓一致。quantities of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词，其谓语动词根据quantity的数确定，所以答案是D。() (3) Good amounts of sleep every night______ also important for your health.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　B　考查主谓一致和时态。amounts of 后只接不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词和amount的数保持一致，由于其时间是every night，要用一般现在时，所以答案是B。6、at an end

　　(1) Be patient, his speech will be at_an_end soon.

　　(2) The war was finally at_an_end. 根据语境，at an end意思是：

　　_________________________________________

　　_______________________________

　　at an end ＝ finished结束，终止(常作表语)at the end of 在……尽头(末)(指时间和空间)

　　by the end of 到……末为止(与过去完成时连用)

　　in the end 最后，终于

　　at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态

　　make ends meet 收支相抵

　　come to an end结束(用作谓语)

　　draw to an end 接近尾声

　　bring…to an end使……终止

　　put an end to 使……终止用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空

　　(1)How many English words have you learned by the end of last term?

　　(2)He became an outstanding doctor in the end.

　　(3)My uncle will fly to China at the end of this year. 你知道这道题的正确答案是什么吗？为什么？

　　()They walked and walked until they came ______ the end of the stream.

　　A. at

　　B. by

　　C. in

　　D. to

　　D　首先我们知道by the end of后不跟地点；in the end是一个独立使用的短语；虽然at the end of 后接地点，但它所表示的是“在……的尽头或末尾”，表示状态。而本题的语境所表示的是“来到了溪流的尽头”，所以答案是D。

　　7、In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26)

　　农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。(1)too…to…太……以至不能……

　　The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box.

　　这男孩太虚弱，举不起那个重箱子。

　　(2)当too…to…跟少数形容词(如ready，glad，pleased，apt，willing，inclined，eager, easy, satisfied等)搭配时，不定式无否定意义。

　　He is too ready to promise. 他轻于许诺。

　　Beginners are too apt to make mistakes. 初学者极易出错。

　　(3)too…to…的否定形式not too…to…的意思是“不是太……而不能”。

　　He is not too young to dress himself.

　　他不是小得连衣服都不会穿。

　　It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

　　(4)cannot(或can never)…too/enough…表示“怎么……也不会过分”、“越……越好”的含义。

　　One cannot be careful enough in making the decision as it was such a critical case. 因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。

　　I can't thank you too much for giving me so much help.

　　我对你给予我那么大的帮助感激不尽。

　　8、It seemed as_if the world was at an end! (P26)

　　世界似乎到了末日！

　　当as if引导从句时，我们一定要根据语境判断语义是否符合客观实际，符合客观实际就用陈述语气，即：该用什么时态就用什么时态；不符合客观实际就用虚拟语气，即：

　　as if ＋ 主语 ＋ had done sth. (从句谓语动词发生在过去)

　　did / were (从句谓语动词发生在现在)

　　would do sth. (从句谓语动词发生在将来)巧记：

　　had done　did/ were　would do

　　之前　谓语动词　之后(1)

　　as if/as though (似乎是，好像是)的功能

　　① 引导表语从句，常和动词look / seem 连用：

　　She looks as if she were ten years younger.

　　她看上去好像年轻了10岁。

　　It seems as if our team is going to win.

　　好像我们队会赢。

　　② 引导方式状语从句：

　　He treated her as if she were his daughter.

　　他对待她好像是自己的女儿。(2)

　　as if (as though)可用于省略句中：as if 引导的从句常可省略主语和系动词，这样其后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词(如文中例句)。

　　He acts as if (he were)a fool / mad.

　　他做事像个傻子 / 像疯了一样。

　　Tom raised his hands as if (he were going) to say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。 根据汉语提示完成句子

　　(1) There are masses of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it is going to (将要) rain.

　　(2) He talked as if he had known (知晓) everything in the world. (1)is going to　从“天空中乌云密布”，我们就可以判断出天要下雨的可能性相当大，所以我们用陈述语气，因是客观推测的将来，所以答案是is going to。

　　(2) had known　从语境：他说起话来就好像他穷知世界一切似的。“穷知世界”这是不可能的，所以我们要使用虚拟语气。根据本句语境know的动作应发生在talk之前，所以用had known。

　　9、All hope was not lost. (P26)

　　并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

　　All the students do not know how to deal with the problem.

　　＝Not_all the students know how to deal with the problem.

　　并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。1.all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容词与否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定。

　　巧记：

　　只要表示“全体”意义的词与否定词连用，都是部分否定。2.如果句子中出现下列词或短语则该句为全部否定：

　　none of＋n./pro.;

　　neither＋n./pro.;

　　no＋n.;

　　nothing; nobody; neither; never; nowhere; neither…nor等。翻译句子

　　(1) 并非这两个学生都喜欢这个故事。

　　Both of the students don't like the story.

　　(2) 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。

　　Neither of the students likes the story. ()1. (2006·全国Ⅰ)Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.

　　A. damaged

　　B. injured

　　C. hit

　　D. struckTwo­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. (P26)

　　B　本题考查动词词义辨析。damage指“破坏，损坏”；injure使……(肉体)受伤；hit击中，打中；strike指“击打，敲打”。句意为：Mike不能踢球是因为他的腿受伤了。故hurt符合要求。()2. (2006·全国Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.

　　A. was happening

　　B. happens

　　C. has happened

　　D. happenedIt seems as_if the world was at an end! (P26)

　　D　考查虚拟语气的用法。as if仿佛，好像，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事，仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。