2017高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修五 Unit1　Great scientists

　　Unit1　Great scientists

　　1、conclude v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The story concludes with the hero's death.

　　(2)Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?

　　(3)He concluded that he would wait a little longer.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 决定　B. 结束　C. 推断出

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　conclude sth. from sth. 推断出，断定

　　conclude sth. with sth. 以……结束

　　conclusion n. 结论；结束

　　draw / arrive at /

　　come to /

　　reach a conclusion

　　得出结论

　　conclusive adj. 确实的；令人信服的

　　用conclude的正确形式填空

　　(1)I wish to conclude my speech with a prayer for the happiness of the newly married people.

　　(2)The debate did not come to a conclusion until midnight.

　　(3)Her fingerprints on the gun were conclusive proof of her guilt.

　　2、defeat vt.

　　& n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Although he has failed many times, he refused to admit defeat.

　　(2)The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle.

　　(3)By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 打败　B. 失败　C. 挫败

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　用defeat / beat / win的正确形式填空

　　(1)The army defeated the enemy in the end.

　　(2)Tom suffered the defeat in the English examination.

　　(3)The athlete defeated /

　　beat his competitors and won　 the gold medal.

　　(4)After his third election defeat he decided to retired from politics.

　　(5)Who do you think will win the next election?

　　(6)She's alive — her heart is still beating.

　　3、attend vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He did not attend the meeting yesterday.

　　(2)The school was attended almost entirely by local children.

　　(3)There was no one to attend him but Tina.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A．上学　B．照料；护理　C．出席；参加

　　(1) C　(2) A　(3) B

　　attend to sb. / sth. 注意；护理

　　attend on / upon 服侍；伴随

　　attendance n. 出席，到场，参加

　　attendant n. 服务员；侍者

　　单项填空

　　()(1) Thank you all for coming and ______ our camp.

　　A. attending

　　B. joining

　　C. participating

　　D. taking part in

　　()(2) I tried to persuade her from ______ the club.

　　A. attending

　　B. joining

　　C. participating

　　D. taking part in

　　()(3) I shall ______ the meeting.

　　A. attend

　　B. join

　　C. participate

　　D. take part

　　()(4) Everyone in the class is expected to ______ in the discussion.

　　A. attend

　　B. join

　　C. participate

　　D. take part

　　4、cure n. & vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)This medicine should cure you of your cold.

　　(2)Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 矫正，改正(某人的不良行为)　B. 治疗

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病

　　a cure for… ……的疗法

　　cure / treat / heal

　　cure侧重指治好的结果；

　　There is still no cure for the cancer.

　　treat侧重指治疗的过程。

　　This boy is being treated for a heart condition.

　　heal侧重指治愈伤口，伤痛如灼伤等，强调愈合，痊愈。

　　用cure/treat的适当形式填空

　　Tom had a cold, and he coughed badly. So he went to hospital to see a doctor. Now the doctor (1) is treating him. Tom asked whether there was a (2) cure for his cough. The doctor said, “ Don't worry. This medicine will (3) cure you of your cough. ”

　　5、absorb vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The surrounding villages have been absorbed by / into the growing city.

　　(2)Plants absorb sunlight which provides them with energy.

　　(3)So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once.

　　(4)The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 汲取，理解(知识等)　B. 合并(公司等)；吞并

　　C. 吸收(液体、气体、光、声等)

　　D. 使全神贯注；吸引

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A　(4) D

　　be absorbed in ＝ absorb oneself in 使全神贯注

　　absorbed adj. 全神贯注的，一心一意的

　　absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的

　　absorption n. 吸收

　　用absorb的适当形式填空

　　A teacher was doing an experiment. The experiment is “Dry sand (1) absorb water.” All his students were (2) absorbed in watching the experiment.

　　6、suspect n. & vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) He resigned after being suspected of theft.

　　(2) I suspect they are very disappointed.

　　(3) The police are questioning two suspects.

　　(4) His motives were suspect with others.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 怀疑　B. 嫌疑犯　C. 可疑的　D. 猜想

　　(1) A　(2) D　(3) B　(4) C

　　suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人做了某事

　　suspect sb. to be…疑心某人是

　　suspect that…疑心

　　用suspect的适当形式填空

　　A murder took place between 7：40 and 8：20 this morning. Tom was (1) suspected of the murder, so he was questioned by the policeman. “Where were you when the murder took place？” “At the time of the crime，I was on the 8 o'clock train to London as usual, I must be at work at 10 o'clock.”said Tom, the (2) suspect. “My boss can confirm that I was there. ” Tom was sure that the policeman shouldn't (3) suspect that he was the murderer. The policeman said, “Sorry, Sir. You told a lie. The 8 o'clock train didn't run at all.”

　　6、suspect n. & vt.

　　7、blame

　　vt. & n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Don't blame me. You are responsible for your own problems.

　　(2) My father always blames everything on me.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 指责，找……的差错

　　B. 归咎，把(某事)责任归于……

　　(1) A　(2) B

　　blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.

　　为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事

　　blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人

　　put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人

　　accept /

　　bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任

　　to blame

　　表示被动，意思为“某人应该被谴责；应负责任”。

　　The children were not to blame for the accident.

　　那次事故怪不着孩子们。

　　He is more to blame than you.

　　是他更应受责备，而不是你。

　　blame / fault / guilt

　　blame强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚。

　　The police laid the blame for the accident squarely on the driver's shoulders.

　　fault 是指引起或没能阻止某有害事件发生而应承担的责任。

　　The student failed the examination, but not through any fault of his teacher.

　　guilt 适用于情节严重、故意的不良行为并强调道德上的过失。

　　The case was dismissed because the prosecution did not have sufficient evidence of the defendant's guilt.

　　翻译句子

　　(1)看来霍乱(cholera)的流行要归罪于饮用水了。

　　It seemed that the drinking water was to blame for the cholera.

　　(2)这件事谁也不能怨。

　　Nobody is to blame for it.

　　(3)他指责你玩忽职守。

　　He blames you for neglect of duty.

　　8、instruct vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.

　　(2) My job is to instruct her in English.

　　(3) My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 通知，告知　B. 指示，命令，吩咐

　　C. 教授；训练；指导

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　instruct sb. (in sth.) 教， 教导，传授技能

　　instruct sb. to do sth. 命令， 指导某人做某事

　　instruct that­clause通知

　　instruction n. 说明；须知；指令；教学

　　instructive adj. 有益的；教育性的

　　用instruct的正确形式填空

　　(1)Prof. Zhang gave an instructive lecture at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University yesterday.

　　(2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.

　　(3)I lost the instruction book and so I had to find out how to use the machine by trial and error.

　　9、examine v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.

　　(2) The lawyer examined the witness.

　　(3) The teacher examined the students in physics.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 测验　B. 检查；细查；诊察　C. 审问；盘问

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　examination n. 考试； 检查；细查

　　take an examination 参加考试

　　medical examination 体检

　　under examination 在检查中；在审查中

　　用examine的正确形式填空

　　Recently, I felt I couldn't see things clearly. I decided to have my eyes (1) examined. The doctor gave me a careful (2) examination of my eyes. After that, the doctor asked me to take more care of my eyes, especially before the mid­term (3) examination.

　　10、contribute v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) We're trying to raise money for a new school, and we're hoping that everyone will contribute.

　　(2) Ten scientists contributed to the special edition of the journal.

　　(3) Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.

　　(4) Exercise contributes to better health.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 为造成某一结果而作出贡献， 促成……的因素

　　B. 捐献　C. 贡献　D. 投稿

　　(1) B　(2) D　(3) C　(4) A

　　contribute…to… 把……贡献给 / 捐献给 / 提供给……；把……投给……

　　contribute to… 有助于……； 导致……

　　make a contribution to 为……作出贡献

　　contribution n. 捐献， 贡献， 投稿

　　contributor n. 捐款人； 捐助者； 投稿者

　　用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空

　　(1)Everyone is encouraged to contribute to the discussion.

　　(2)Her work has contributed to our understanding of this difficult subject.

　　(3)She has contributed poems to literary magazines.

　　11、put forward

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.

　　你应该把表向前拨10分钟。

　　(2)He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.

　　他在会上提出一个很好的建议。

　　(3)We all put him forward for the position of club secretary.

　　我们一致推举他当俱乐部秘书。

　　come up / come up with / put forward

　　三个词组都有“提出”的意思。

　　come up 被提出，被讨论

　　A number of questions came up at the meeting.

　　come up with(针对问题等)想出；提供

　　He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.

　　put forward某人提出

　　Are you serious in putting forward such an idea?

　　用put的相关短语填空

　　(1)Try your best to put down what the teacher said in class.

　　(2)The sports meet was put off because of the rain.

　　(3)It's cold outside, put on more clothes.

　　(4)Let's put up a shed here for the time being.

　　(5)A big fire broke out last night and at last it was put out.

　　(6)I'm afraid we will have to put up with the loss.

　　11、put forward

　　12、apart from 除……之外，除了

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

　　________几处刮痕______，汽车没有什么损坏。

　　(2)This essay's good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.

　　________有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。

　　(1)除了……外　(2)除了

　　besides / except / except for / but / apart from / in addition to

　　besides 表示“除……以外还……”；后面的词表示的人或物包括在前面所谈到的人、物之内。

　　I have a few good friends besides Li Ying.

　　此外besides还可以作副词用，意思是“况且”，“此外”。

　　It's late to go out for a walk, besides, it's too cold outside.

　　except只作介词，表示“除去……没”，后面的词所表示的人、事物、动作等不包括在前面所涉及的人、物等之内。

　　I like all drinks except whisky.

　　except for表示“只是”，“除了……”，在说明整体基本情况后，对局部细节加以修饰；它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。

　　Your class is a good collective except for some shortcomings.

　　你们班是个好集体，只是还有缺点。

　　except that后面跟从句。

　　He has always been in good health except that he has

　　had a slight headache in the past few days.

　　but 作“除……之外”时，其后常用主格代词(有时也用宾格)。but常与 no one, none, nothing 等否定词连用，也与who等疑问词以及 all, every one连用。

　　No one but he (him) showed much interest in the proposal.

　　apart from其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides。

　　Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.

　　巧记：

　　except 用于同类之间。

　　except for 用于不同类的。

　　apart from 在同类或不同类都能用。

　　选用以上单词或短语填空

　　(1)We answered all the questions except the last one.

　　(2)We all went besides / apart from / in addition to our teacher. We had a good time with our teacher.

　　(3)I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

　　(4)Your composition is good except for / apart from some spelling mistakes.

　　(5)He did nothing all day except / but play computer games.

　　(6)We had no choice except (but) to obey his order.

　　13、make sense

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) This sentence doesn't make any sense.

　　(2) It would make_sense to leave early.

　　(3) Can you make_sense out of what this book says?

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 有道理；有意义；讲得通　B. 是明智的， 是合情合理的　C. 易于理解；道理明显

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) C

　　make sense of 理解，明白

　　make no sense 没道理，没意义

　　there is no sense in doing sth.… 做……没道理

　　in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说

　　in no sense 决不

　　make a difference紧要；有影响

　　翻译句子

　　(1)你能了解这个作家在讲什么吗？

　　Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?

　　(2)我们一直看到末尾，但看不懂是什么意思。

　　We read it through but could make no sense of it.

　　(3)你做这项工作必须十分严谨，因为一点小的失误也会造成很大影响。

　　You have to be very exact in this job, because a small mistake can make a big difference.

　　14、look into

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He looked_into the classroom and found nobody in.

　　(2)Thank you very much for the information，sir；I'll get one of our detectives to look_into the matter.

　　(3)I usually look_into a book before deciding whether to read it.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 浏览(书等)　B. 往爱上……内看　C. 调查

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　用以上词组填空

　　(1)The boy is old enough to look after himself.

　　(2)He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.

　　(3)We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.

　　(4)Join us. Don't just look on.

　　(5)They all looked on him as a member of their family.

　　(6)Look out！ There is danger ahead.

　　(7)I shall look out that I don't trust him again.

　　(8)He looked through his notes before writing the report.

　　(9)Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.

　　(10)I must look up the time of your train.

　　15、To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. (P3)

　　为了阻止这种事情再次发生，John Snow 建议所有的供应水的源头都要被检测过。

　　(1)I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.

　　(2)I suggested going for a walk.

　　(3)His pale face suggests bad health.

　　1. suggest表示建议：

　　(1)suggest＋ 名词 / 代词或suggest＋名词 / 代词＋to＋人，但不能说suggest sb. sth., 即不能加双宾语作宾语。

　　We suggest the plan to him. (√)

　　We suggest him the plan. (╳)

　　(2)suggest＋doing sth.

　　如例(2)

　　suggest 不可以加不定式。

　　(3)suggest ＋(that )＋主语＋(should) do＋sth. 其中的should 可以省略。

　　He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.

　　＝He suggested you go there tomorrow.

　　不可以这样说：He suggested you to go there tomorrow. 也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构。

　　(4)It is suggested that ＋主语＋(should)do sth.

　　It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.

　　(5)suggestion作主语时，其后的表语从句也用should＋do sth. 结构。

　　His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.

　　2.suggest 表示“暗示或表明”之意时，后面的从句用陈述语气，时态与主句保持一致。

　　Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy. 她哈欠连天表明她困了。

　　根据中文意思完成句子

　　(1)That girl's sun­tanned face suggests excellent health.

　　那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。

　　(2)I have written him a letter and suggested his sending it to the headmaster .

　　我给他写了一封信，并建议他把它寄给校长。

　　(3)It's suggested that we ( should ) put on a short play at the party.

　　有人建议我们在晚会上演一个短剧。

　　(4)The monitor's suggestion that she should come another day has not been accepted.

　　班长提出的她改天来的建议还是没有被接受。

　　16、Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (P7)

　　只有当你把太阳放在那个位置，其他行星在天空中的运动才有意义。

　　1. only if 表示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……”的意思。

　　I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.

　　我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。

　　2. only if 有时也写成only…if，表示唯一的条件，但是意思不变。

　　I will only come home if you come with me.

　　(＝ I will come home only if you come with me.)

　　只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。

　　3. 当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。

　　Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.

　　只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。

　　only if / if only

　　only if 意为“只要”，可视为 if 的加强说法，如放在句首，其后的主句要用倒装语序。

　　Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

　　if only表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”，此时多与虚拟语气连用。

　　It's a good plan, if only we could carry it out.

　　翻译句子

　　(1)只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题。

　　Only in this way can you deal with the problem easily.

　　(2)就在你失去时间的时候，你才会懂得它的宝贵。

　　Only when you lost it will you understand how valuable the time is.

　　17、He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. (P7)

　　他在太阳系的中间放了个固定的太阳，还有围着太阳转的几个行星和一个围着地球转的月球。

　　(1)Mary felt shy with_the_whole_class_looking_at her.

　　(2)With_the_machine_helping_us,_we could finish the work on time.

　　(3) She lives in the room with_the_light_burning.

　　“with＋sth.＋doing”是with的复合结构的一种，在句中可用作原因状语或伴随状语，也可用作定语。用现在分词时，表示分词动作与前面的名词或代词有主动关系，且动作正在进行。

　　除了非谓语形式doing, done, being done, to do外，还可以用形容词、副词或介词短语作宾语补足语。

　　单项填空

　　()(1) — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

　　— Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.

　　A. filled

　　B. filling

　　C. to fill

　　D. being filled

　　()(2)With so much homework ______， he couldn't come to the concert.

　　A. doing

　　B. done

　　C. to do

　　D. having done

　　()(3)The boy couldn't settle down ______ the noise outside so loud.

　　A. for

　　B. because of

　　C. with

　　D. as

　　()(4)You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.

　　A. the top is

　　B. with its top　

　　C. whose top

　　D. the top of which

　　完成下列句子

　　(5)With the old man leading the way，we started towards the forest.

　　在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。

　　(6)She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.

　　她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。

　　(7)With a group of children following， the teacher came into the classroom with smile.

　　老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友。

　　(8)With the test finished， we began our holiday.

　　随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。

　　() 1. (2009·江西)It is reported that the police will soon ______ the case of the two missing children.

　　A. look upon

　　B. look after

　　C. look into

　　D. look out

　　Next, John Snow looked_into the source of the water for these two streets.(P2)

　　C　look upon视作，看待；look after 照顾；look into调查；look out 小心，当心。

　　() 2. (2010· 湖北) Duty is an act or a course of action that people ______ you to take by social customs, law or religion.

　　A. persuade

　　B. request

　　C. instruct

　　D. expect

　　The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. (P3)

　　D　考查固定句型 expect sb. to do sth. “期待 / 希望某人做某事”。

　　() 3. (2008·福建)You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much.

　　A. for

　　B. when

　　C. with

　　D. while

　　He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with_the_planets_going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(P7)

　　C　with her foot wounded so much作状语。