英语北师大版一轮复习讲练：Part II 语法部分 专题14 强调句和省略句

　　专题十四　强调句和省略句

　　按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；按照考试大纲的要求，考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。

　　强调句

　　一、强调句句型

　　1．陈述句的强调句型：It is / was ＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋ that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分。

　　It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.

　　2．一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is / was提到it前面。

　　Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?

　　3．特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋ is / was ＋ it ＋ that / who ＋ 其他部分？

　　When and where was it that you were born?

　　I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.

　　强调主语：It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.

　　强调宾语：It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.

　　强调地点状语：It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.

　　强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.

　　注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that和who不可省略；强调句中的时态通常用两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...，其余的时态用It is...

　　二、not...until...句型的强调句

　　1．句型为：It is / was not until ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋其他部分

　　It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.

　　注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中It is / was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。

　　三、谓语动词的强调

　　1．It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do / does或did。

　　Do sit down.

　　He did write to you last week.

　　Do be careful when you cross the street.

　　注意：此种强调只用do / does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

　　省略句

　　为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：

　　一、简单句中的省略

　　1．省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。

　　(I) Thank you for your help.

　　(I) See you tomorrow.

　　(It) Doesn't matter.

　　2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

　　(There is) No smoking.

　　(Is there) Anything wrong?

　　Why (do you) not say hello to him?

　　3．不定式的省略

　　(1)使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。

　　I saw the boy fall from the tree.

　　The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

　　2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love...等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号 to, 但如果该宾语是动词 be 或完成时态的不定式时，则需在 to后加上be 或 have。

　　—Are you going there?

　　—Yes, I'd like to (go there)．

　　—Are you an engineer?

　　—No, but I want to be (an engineer)．

　　3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。

　　The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab)．

　　4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时， 第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示对比(照)等，则不省略to。

　　Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes.

　　It's better to laugh than to cry.

　　5)主 (宾)语补足语中的 to be 往往省略。

　　He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.

　　6)特殊结构中的省略

　　would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do but, can't help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。

　　He would sooner die than surrender.

　　I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.

　　7)主语部分有一个表“做”的 do 的各种形式时，表语不定式常省略“to”。

　　What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.

　　4．省略表语

　　—Are you thirsty?

　　—Yes, I am (thirsty)．

　　5．同时省略几个成分

　　Let's meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

　　—Have you finished your work?

　　—(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

　　二、并列句中的省略

　　两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

　　My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

　　I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

　　三、主从复合句中的省略

　　1．主句中有一些成分被省略。

　　(I'm) Sorry to hear that you are ill.

　　(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

　　2．从句的省略

　　(1)宾语从句

　　以 which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时，可省略全部谓语，甚至主语也省略，仅保留一个wh－词。

　　She will go to Beijing, but I don't know when (she will go to Beijing.)

　　(2)状语从句

　　在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致，或者主语是it，那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。常见的有以下几种：

　　时间状语从句： Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

　　条件状语从句： He won't go to the party unless (he is) invited.

　　比较状语从句： Country music today remains much the same as (it was) before.

　　让步状语从句： Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.

　　注意：though和as 引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装。从句倒装时， 如果从句的表语是可数名词单数， 将名词提前时，名词前面的冠词a / an须省略。

　　Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.＝ Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.

　　注意：有些由 if 构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so等。

　　If necessary, ring me at home.

　　—He may be busy.

　　—If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now?

　　(3)修饰名词way 的限制性定语从句常省略in which或that。

　　Is this way you talk to your parents?

　　(4)强调句It is / was...that...，当强调疑问句时，that 常可省略。

　　Why was it (that) you were ten minutes late?

　　用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。

　　—Is he coming back tonight?

　　—I think so.

　　—Is he feeling better today?

　　—I'm afraid not.

　　这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。(但I don't think so比I think not更常用)。

　　四、连词that的省略

　　1．宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况(参看“名词性从句”等有关部分)。

　　2．在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。

　　3．引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。

　　在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉。这就要求学生在复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握，深入研究。

　　具体把握强调句以下四大考点：

　　1．考查强调句式的基本结构

　　2．考查含有“not...until...”句型的强调句式

　　3．考查强调句式的疑问句

　　4．考查强调句式的正确判断

　　省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的语法项目之一，虽然不是每年必考项目，但不少省份有所涉及。从命题的趋势来看，更侧重考查省略在交际中的功能，考查语法知识间的交叉使用。2011四川卷15】Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　B

　　【考点】考查强调句。

　　【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”

　　2011陕西卷23】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do______benefits our work most.

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　C

　　【考点】考查强调句。

　　【解析】强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。

　　2011重庆卷32】—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

　　Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.

　　A.that

　　B.where

　　C.when

　　D.which

　　【答案】A

　　【考点】考查强调句。

　　【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。

　　2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently

　　A .which

　　B. that

　　C. how

　　D. when

　　B

　　【考点】本题考察强调句型。

　　【解析】本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。

　　2011江苏卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.

　　A. Otherwise

　　B. If not

　　C. But for that

　　D. If so

　　D

　　【考点】考查省略和替代。

　　【解析】句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。

　　10安徽〗It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　B

　　〖考点〗本题考查强调句型。

　　〖解析〗迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。

　　10湖南〗John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work

　　has made him what he is today.

　　A. why

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　D

　　〖考点〗考查强调句型。

　　〖解析〗题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。

　　10浙江〗The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if

　　regularly, can improve our health.

　　A. being carried out

　　B. carrying out

　　C. carried out

　　D. to carry out

　　C

　　〖考点〗本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。

　　the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。

　　09湖南〗Every evening after dinner, if not

　　from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

　　A. being tired B. tiring

　　C. tired

　　D. to be tired

　　C

　　〖考点〗省略句式。

　　〖解析〗在if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if am not tired from work, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。

　　09江西〗It was _____ he came back from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　C

　　〖考点〗强调句型。

　　〖解析〗根据It is ……that 结构可知。

　　09江西〗Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two.

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so

　　D

　　〖考点〗省略句的用法。

　　〖解析〗If so = If you have done that / so你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元, 如果是这样的话, 你们可以继续第二单元。

　　08全国〗It was in New Zealand

　　Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.

　　A.that

　　B.how

　　C.which

　　D.when

　　A

　　〖考点〗此题考查强调句

　　〖解析〗句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It+be+被强调成分+that句型为强调句。

　　08天津〗It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

　　A. how

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. where

　　C

　　〖考点〗此题考查强调句

　　〖解析〗此处构成It was…that…强调句式, 句中强调了介词短语along the Mississippi River。〖08重庆〗It was not until midnight

　　they reached the camp site.

　　A.that

　　B.when

　　C.while

　　D.as

　　A

　　〖考点〗考查强调句。

　　〖解析〗从not until在it was后可以判断这是一个强调含有not until的句子, 强调句型中只能用that。

　　08福建〗—Who should be responsible for the accident?

　　The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order

　　.

　　A.as told

　　B.as are told

　　C.as telling

　　D.as they told

　　〖答案〗A

　　〖考点〗此题考查状语从句的省略

　　〖解析〗as told=as they were told, 此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致, 且谓语动词含有be时, 将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系, 排除C、D。

　　07全国〗We all know that,

　　, the situation will get worse.

　　A.not if dealt carefully with

　　B.if not carefully dealt with

　　C.if dealt not carefully with

　　D.not if carefully dealt with

　　B

　　〖考点〗此题考查省略句式

　　〖解析〗that后跟宾语从句, 宾语从句中含有一个主从句, if从句使用了省略句式, 完整的形式应为if it is not carefully dealt with, it指代主句中的situation。

　　07安徽〗In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than

　　.

　　A.that used to be

　　B.it is used to 

　　C.it was used to

　　D.it used to be

　　D

　　〖考点〗不定式的省略。

　　〖解析〗表示

　　“过去常常……”用used to do……, 并且本题中动词原形be不能省略。

　　07重庆〗It is not who is right but what is right

　　is of importance.

　　A.which

　　B.it

　　C.that

　　D.this

　　C

　　〖考点〗此题考查强调句型

　　〖解析〗本句为It is...that...强调句型。

　　06全国〗It was not until she got home

　　Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

　　A.when

　　B.that

　　C.where

　　D.before

　　B

　　〖考点〗本题考查强调句。

　　〖解析〗强调句的基本结构为

　　“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。本题强调时间状语从句, 用that。

　　06辽宁〗It was after he got what he had desired

　　he realized it was not so important.

　　A.that

　　B.when

　　C.since

　　D.as

　　A

　　〖考点〗此题考查强调句。

　　〖解析〗该句为强调句, 强调句子的时间状语after he got what he had desired。强调句的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。

　　06山东〗I just wonder

　　that makes him so excited.

　　A.why it does

　　B.what he does

　　C.how it is

　　D.what it is

　　D

　　〖考点〗本题考查强调句。

　　〖解析〗本题题干相当于I just wonder what makes him so excited.的意义, 所以该题实际上为强调句型的特殊疑问句式, what为宾语从句的连接词且在从句中作主语。1．(2010湖南湘潭期末联考)—I hope he won't get ill during the examinations.

　　—________. He has been very well recently.

　　A．Certainly

　　B．No

　　C．Not

　　D．Yes

　　【答案与解析】　B　本题中的否定回答用no，而不是not，此题回答是省略的，完整形式为“No, he won't.”

　　2．(2010湖南雅礼中学月考) He is only too ready to help others, seldom，________， refusing

　　them when they turn to him.

　　A．if never

　　B．if ever

　　C．if not

　　D．if any

　　【答案与解析】　B　此处seldom，if ever 是if

　　there is ever 的省略形式，there is ever“如果有也是少见的；几乎从来不”。

　　3．(2010湖南师大附中月考)—Mum, I am afraid I won't do well in the coming test.

　　—Honey, ________ more careful, ________ you will make it.

　　A．is; so

　　B．be; and

　　C．be; then

　　D．being; and

　　【答案与解析】　B　祈使句用动词原形开头，祈使句＋ and ＋简单句相当于由if引导的主从复合句。

　　4．(2010河北唐山模拟)Was it near the white building, if I may ask, ________ Martin Luther King gave a speech “I have a dream”？

　　A．where

　　B．that

　　C．why

　　D．in which

　　【答案与解析】　B　题意：如果我们问的话，是不是在那座白色的楼房附近马丁·路德·金作了“我有一个梦想”的演说呢？if I may ask是插入语，此句考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋原句剩余部分。

　　5．(2010银川市期末联考)I just don't understand________ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.

　　A．why it does

　　B．what it does

　　C．what it is

　　D．why it is

　　【答案与解析】　C　本题是宾语从句中的强调句的使用。可以将原句恢复“It is what that prevents

　　so many Americans...”但是英语中疑问代词或副词须放句首。

　　6．(2010湖南雅礼中学月考) ________ find

　　my wallet, Tom?

　　A．Where did you that

　　B．Where was it you

　　C．Where have you

　　D．Where was it that you

　　【答案与解析】　D　考查强调句，强调地点状语。故选D项。

　　7．(2010安徽期末联考) — ______ the accident happened?

　　— It's said to happen on his way to work.

　　A．Do you know it is where that

　　B．Where is it that do you know

　　C．Do you know where it is that

　　D．Where do you know it is that

　　【答案与解析】　D　考查强调句型。题意：“你知道这事故是在哪发生的吗？”“据说是在他上班的路上。”

　　8．(2008山东青岛模拟)I can't remember how many days ago ________ a fight broke out between the husband and the wife.

　　A．which

　　B．why

　　C．that

　　D．where

　　【答案与解析】　C　题意：我不记得在多少天前这对夫妇曾经吵过一架。

　　9. (2010山东沂南一中高三) How long do you think ________ the computer company brings out a new product?

　　A．it will be before

　　B．will it be until

　　C．will it be when

　　D．it will be that

　　【答案与解析】　A　本题考查一个固定结构It will be ＋一段时间＋ before...，意为“要过(多久)才”，本句实际上是对其时间的提问，所以只有选A项。

　　10．(2010苏北四市二模) Read the passage and correct the mistakes, ________.

　　A．if not

　　B．if any

　　C．if ever

　　D．if never

　　【答案与解析】　B　if any 是if there are any mistakes 的省略句结构。

　　11．(2010河南实验中学一模) —Have you seen Rose recently?

　　—No. It's five years ________ I met her.

　　A．since

　　B．after

　　C．when

　　D．before

　　【答案与解析】　A　考查句型“It is / has been ＋一段时间＋ since ＋从句”结构。

　　12．(2010广东揭阳高三上学期期末)I don't think there will be more than 40 students left in the class, ________， because the environment is not fit for studying.

　　A．if any

　　B．if possible

　　C．if ever

　　D．if so

　　【答案与解析】　A　考查省略的结构。if any“如果有一些”； if possible“如果可能”； if ever“如果曾经”； if so“如果那样”。题意：我认为即使这个班还有学生的话也不会超过四十个，因为这儿的环境不适合学习。

　　13．(2009威海高三质检)I'm sure you'd rather she went to school by bus, ________？

　　A．hadn't you

　　B．wouldn't you

　　C．aren't I

　　D．didn't she

　　【答案与解析】　B　考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，believe，imagine，be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。

　　14．(2009大连、哈尔滨联考)—What should I do with this passage?

　　—________ the main idea of each paragraph.

　　A．Finding out

　　B．Found out

　　C．Find out

　　D．To find out

　　【答案与解析】　C　考查在具体语境中的省略，第2句补充完整应为“You should find out the main idea of each paragraph”。

　　15．(2009泰安高三联考)—________ that he managed to get the information?

　　—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

　　A．Where was it

　　B．What was it

　　C．How was it

　　D．Why was it

　　【答案与解析】　C　It was...that...引导强调句，对how进行强调。特殊疑问句，疑问词放在句首。