2017届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解18

　　2017届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解18

　　After years of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’ s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’ s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.

　　The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’ s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.

　　A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that is produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking” , because it generates electricity.

　　Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.

　　Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn’ t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a waming on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads，“YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS！” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.

　　[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了一种新型汽车hybrid cars的优点和生产这种汽车的原因。

　　1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. The hybrid car will be put on the market.

　　B. Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars.

　　C. When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning.

　　D. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution.

　　[解析]　细节判断题。根据第二段的“But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’s engine.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　D

　　2．According to the passage, the word “hybrid” refers to ________.

　　A. a hightech discovery

　　B. energy saving

　　C. a new invention

　　D. a combination of two things

　　[解析]　词义猜测题。由文章的第三段的第一句“A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　D

　　3．“Regenerative breaking” is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.

　　A. it allows the car to come to a quick stop

　　B. it gives the driver a smoother ride

　　C. it produces energy to charge the battery

　　D. it can control the speed of the car

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由文章的第三段的“The 144volt battery pack is...because it generates electricity.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　C

　　4．Which of the following is right about the EPA?

　　A. They designed hybrid cars.

　　B. They outlawed (宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.

　　C. They set important guidelines that help control pollution.

　　D. Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由文章的第二段的第三句可知答案。

　　[答案]　C

　　5．Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?

　　A. They use less gas than regular cars.

　　B. They’ re safer to drive than most cars.

　　C. They’re more modern than other cars.

　　D. They cost less than regular cars.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由第四段的第一句“Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time，this helps it use less gas than a regular car.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　A

　　Bananas are one of the world’ s most important food crops. They are also one of the most valuable exports. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets. However，some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant’ s leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week.

　　Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America.

　　The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas. The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.

　　The U．N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.

　　[语篇解读]　香蕉由于遗传性的抗病弱点，在不久的将来有的品种可能会消失。文章列举了两种威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌病，国际组织建议农民种植更多种类的香蕉。

　　1．What does this passage mainly tell us?

　　A. Bananas are the world’ s most important food crops.

　　B. The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.

　　C. There are five hundred different kinds of bananas.

　　D. How to grow bananas in different countries.

　　[解析]　主旨大意题。根据全文内容和结构判断，文章主要介绍威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌类疾病，进而显示出种植其他种类香蕉的必要性。故答案为B。

　　[答案]　B

　　2．Bananas are threatened by disease because ________.

　　A. they grow from seeds

　　B. they are one of the most valuable exports

　　C. the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leaves

　　D. they have genetic weaknesses against disease

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，香蕉易受病害威胁是因为其遗传上的抗病弱点。后文也有叙述。

　　[答案]　D

　　3．Panama disease________.

　　A. doesn’t belong to fungal disease

　　B. affects the leaves of banana plants

　　C. destroys bananas more seriously than Black Sigatoka disease

　　D. has spread to bananas all over the world

　　[解析]　细节判断题。根据第二段前两句可知A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知这种疾病威胁香蕉作物的根部，B项错误；根据第二段后三句可知，这种香蕉疾病已影响到东南亚、澳大利亚和南非，有可能传播到美洲，D项错误。由文章前两段分别对两种真菌病的描述可知，C项正确。

　　[答案]　C

　　4．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________.

　　A. the center of the group is in the US

　　B. the Cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananas

　　C. the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananas

　　D. each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas

　　[解析]　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The group has headquarters in France”可知其中心位于法国，A项错误；根据第三段第三句可知，应对这种疾病的办法是培育改良品种，而不是调查所有的品种，C项错误；根据第三段第四句可知D项错误。由第三段最后一句可判断B项正确。

　　[答案]　B

　　5．According to the passage, which information is right?

　　A. The Cavendish banana can mainly be imported from North America and Europe.

　　B. Panama disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants.

　　C. The Cavendish banana won’t die out in the future.

　　D. The Cavendish banana makes up only one tenth of world production.

　　[解析]　细节认定题。根据第一段中“the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets”可知这种香蕉在北美和欧洲市场最受欢迎，而不是从这两个地区进口，A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知B项错误；根据文章最后一段第三句可知C项错误；根据第三段最后一句可以判断D项正确。

　　[答案]　D

　　[长难句解读]　This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.由于天生的抗病弱点，另一种受欢迎的香蕉早些时候灭绝了。because of引导原因状语。注意this指代的是上一句所说的情况。

　　“Can I see my baby？” the happy new mother asked. When the bundle was in her arms and she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face, she gasped. The doctor turned quickly and looked out of the tall hospital window. The baby had been born without ears.

　　Time proved that the baby’ s hearing was perfect. It was only his appearance that was imperfect. When he rushed home from school one day and threw himself into his mother’s arms, she sighed, knowing that his life was to be misfortunate. He cried out the tragedy, “A boy, a big boy... called me a freak (怪人)．”

　　He grew up, handsome. A favourite with his fellow students, he might have been class president, but for that. He developed a gift, a talent for literature and music. “But you might communicate with other young people，” his mother blamed him, but felt a kindness in her heart.

　　Two years went by. One day, his father said to the son, “You’ re going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But it’ s a secret.” The operation was a brilliant success, and a new person emerged.

　　Later he married and entered the diplomatic service. One day, he asked his father, “Who gave me the ears? Who gave me so much? I could never do enough for him or her.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father, “but the agreement was that you are not to know... not yet.”

　　The years kept their secret, but the day did come. He stood with his father over his mother’ s casket. Slowly, tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish brown hair to reveal the mother had no outer ears.

　　“Mother said she was glad she never let her hair be cut，” his father whispered gently, “and nobody ever thought Mother less beautiful, did they？”

　　[语篇解读]　本文讲述了一个感人的故事。儿子天生没有耳朵，母亲将自己的耳朵捐献给了儿子。母亲去世后，父亲才将这个秘密告诉儿子。

　　1．Why did Mother gasp when she saw her newborn baby?

　　A. Because her son had a tiny face.

　　B. Because she saw her son crying.

　　C. Because her son was born imperfect.

　　D. Because her son was in her arms.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话“The baby had been born without ears.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　C

　　2．Which word can describe Mother’ s feeling when the son threw himself into her arms?

　　A. Nervous. B. Sympathetic.

　　C. Proud.

　　D. Angry.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段的“When he rushed home from school one day and threw himself into his mother’s arms，she sighed，knowing that his life was to be misfortunate.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　B

　　3．Who gave the son the ears?

　　A. A doctor.

　　B. His father.

　　C. His mother.

　　D. A stranger.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。从文章最后可知是母亲献出了自己的耳朵。

　　[答案]　C

　　4．The underlined word “reveal” in the last but one paragraph means “________”．

　　A. see

　　B. show

　　C. find

　　D. search

　　[解析]　词义推测题。父亲拨开母亲的头发，揭示了母亲将自己的耳朵捐给儿子的真相，因此，此处reveal是“显示”的意思。

　　[答案]　B

　　5．The best title for the passage would be ________.

　　A. Mother’s hair

　　B. An unforgettable memory

　　C. Who gave me the ears?

　　D. Who is my best respectable person?

　　[解析]　标题归纳题。是谁给了我耳朵？这是贯穿文章的线索。故选C。

　　[答案]　C

　　[长难句解读]　When he rushed home from school one day and threw himself into his mother’s arms，she sighed，knowing that his life was to be misfortunate. When he...arms是一个时间状语从句，主句是she sighed，knowing是现在分词作状语，表示原因，后面又跟了一个宾语从句，不定式短语to be misfortunate作表语，表示他的人生注定不幸。

　　When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.

　　One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’ s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.

　　I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum(课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(学分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting(稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.

　　In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’ s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(实习生)in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.

　　[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。

　　1．Which of the following can be the best title?

　　A. It’ s time to shorten the learning process

　　B. Best learning takes place over time

　　C. University education should be watered down

　　D. College education calls for reform

　　[解析]　主旨大意题。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，学好大学功课是需要付出时间的，故B项最佳。

　　[答案]　B

　　2．We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. most American universities are against the “three-year degree” model

　　B. many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” model

　　C. professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” model

　　D. The “three-year degree” model can make college learning more efficient

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model可知几乎没有几所美国大学认可“三年本科学位”模式。

　　[答案]　A

　　3．In most US universities，________.

　　A. college students are offered the co-op program

　　B. electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits

　　C. all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation

　　D. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段中的most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early可知特别优秀的大学生可以提前毕业。

　　[答案]　D

　　4．We can infer that________.

　　A. the author is a college professor

　　B. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford

　　C. the author considers the university education quality very important

　　D. the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students

　　[解析]　推理判断题。在第四段作者给出了自己的观点，从“A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major...”“It is not a good idea to water down education”等处可以看出作者非常看重大学教育质量。

　　[答案]　C

　　5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．

　　A. explanation

　　B. definition

　　C. introduction

　　D. comment

　　[解析]　篇章结构题。本题要求学生推断文章的结构。根据第一段的内容可知第一段是用来引入话题的，故C项最佳。

　　[答案]　C