山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《非谓语动词》学案

　　考查要点

　　1.不定式的时态和语态； 2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能； 3.不定式的省略； 4.不定式的否定形式； 5.不定式的搭配形式； 6.独立主格结构；

　　7.v-ing分词名词性功能； 8.v-ing分词形容词性功能； 9.v-ing分词副词性功能； 10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别； 11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别； 12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别

　　非谓语动词的做题步骤

　　1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

　　2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

　　3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

　　4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

　　高考例题：

　　【2017江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school

　　to the new students.

　　A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken

　　【答案】C

　　【考点】 非谓语动词。

　　【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。

　　【2017江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter

　　him it.

　　A．offered B．offering C．to offerD．to be offered

　　【答案】B

　　【考点】非谓语动词

　　【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。

　　【2017湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

　　A. starting B. being started C. to starD. to be started

　　【答案】A【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

　　【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B（being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态 现在分词作定语

　　【2017湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.

　　A. to use B. used C. usingD. use

　　【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。

　　【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动

　　【2017湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

　　A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do

　　【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。

　　【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态 作宾语 短语need to be done。

　　非谓语动词使用条件

　　一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

　　She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

　　She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

　　动词不定式

　　(1)作主语

　　Not to get there in time is your fault.

　　注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

　　It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.

　　It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains

　　(2)作宾语

　　want

　　decide

　　hope

　　agree

　　choose

　　wish

　　need

　　promise

　　口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择

　　B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

　　tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand)

　　He taught us how to use the tool.

　　No one could tell me where to get the book.

　　I hope you’ll advise me what to do.

　　注意下列动词

　　beginstart

　　continue

　　like love hate prefer learn

　　remember

　　forget

　　regret

　　try

　　mean

　　stop

　　go on

　　(3)作宾语补足语

　　.I wish you ___ come as soon as possible.

　　advise

　　allow

　　ask

　　beg

　　cause

　　expect

　　encourage

　　force

　　get

　　hate

　　invite order

　　wish 

　　oblige

　　want

　　warn

　　remind

　　promise

　　permit

　　persuade

　　request

　　5. (不定式作定语)

　　不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系

　　Do you have anything to wash today?

　　Do you have anything to be washed today?

　　(区别主被动）

　　不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容

　　I have no chance to go there.

　　3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语

　　She is the last to leave the room.

　　4) 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词

　　He is looking for a room to live in.

　　(5)作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

　　1) I came here to see you．

　　2) We were very excited to hear the news．

　　3) He hurried to the school to find nobody there .

　　4) To look at him，you would like him．三.动名词的功用

　　1.可作主语

　　Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge

　　2.可作宾语

　　①

　　S. + vt.+ doing

　　Have you finished reading the book?

　　在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：

　　避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone

　　建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise

　　喜欢想象 禁不住

　　enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help

　　承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny

　　envy

　　逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse

　　忍受 保持 (不) 在意

　　stand

　　keep / keep on

　　mind注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如

　　We don’t allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。

　　②作介词/短语动词的宾语:

　　e.g.

　　①She sat there without (speak)

　　②

　　I look forward to (see) him again.

　　③

　　Are you used to (live) there alone?

　　④

　　When my father heard the news, he couldn't help (laugh).

　　⑤

　　I don`t feel like (go) to see the film.

　　⑥

　　He was busy (prepare) his lessons.

　　③

　　主动表被动:

　　want

　　need / require

　　Sth. +

　　doing

　　　be worth

　　(值得)

　　d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。

　　I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

　　What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？

　　动名词的复合结构

　　动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语

　　1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语:

　　Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry.

　　Do you mind my smoking?

　　Do you mind my reading your paper?

　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

　　2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词在句中作宾语:

　　I’m sure of him coming on time.

　　He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.

　　I don’t mind Jack (him) going.

　　She hates young people (them) smoking.

　　3).在“There is no+主语” 句型中，常用动名词做主语。

　　There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion.

　　（无可否认，他策划了这次谋反.）分词1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现

　　在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。

　　2.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中

　　作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语

　　现在分词与过去分词的区别：

　　语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

　　The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

　　2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成

　　Developing country

　　boiling water

　　Developed country

　　boiled water

　　二、分词的作用

　　1.定语

　　He is a promising young man.

　　The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.  

　　Those wishing to join this club should sign here. 

　　注意:过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成

　　the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）

　　the fallen leaves落下的树叶  (只表示完成，不表示被动)

　　What you said is really inspiring.  

　　2、作表语

　　What you said is really inspiring. 

　　3、作宾语补足语

　　I heard them singing in the classroom.

　　我听见他们在教室里唱歌。

　　四、作状语

　　现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

　　1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.

　　(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

　　2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news,

　　they couldn’t help crying.

　　3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.

　　with + 复合宾语结构

　　（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词

　　The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.

　　（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词

　　The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.

　　（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词

　　He went out with his hat on.

　　4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词

　　Don’t speak with your mouth full.

　　5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词

　　With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

　　（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ed分词

　　All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

　　（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.

　　巩固练习

　　1. The next thing he saw was smoke

　　_____ from behind the house. (2011全国)

　　A.rose

　　B.rising

　　C. to rise

　　D.risen

　　2. The island,

　　to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011 全国)

　　A. joining

　　B. to join

　　C. joined

　　D. having joined

　　3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______

　　nothing about the argument. (2011全国)

　　A. says

　　B. said

　　C. to say

　　D. saying

　　4. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.

　　(2011 北京)

　　to be updated

　　B. to have been updated

　　C. to update

　　D. to have updated

　　5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,

　　on you feet. (2011北京)

　　A. to keep

　　B. keeping

　　C. having kept

　　D. to have kept

　　6. Passeagers are permitted

　　only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (2011天津)

　　A.to carry

　　B. carrying

　　C. to be carried

　　D. being carried

　　7. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津)

　　A. Translating

　　B. Translated

　　C. To translate

　　D. Having translated

　　8. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house,

　　newly cleaned and polished. (2011 上海)

　　looked

　　B. to look C. looking

　　D. to be looking

　　9. ______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.

　　(2011 上海)

　　A. Opened

　　B. Having opened

　　C. Opening

　　D. Being opened

　　10. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars

　　as a carpenter before. (2011 上海)

　　to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working

　　11. Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path

　　up to the house. (2011 山东)

　　A. leading

　　B. leads

　　C. led

　　D. to lead

　　12. Recently a survey

　　prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江苏)

　　A．compared

　　B．comparing

　　C．compares

　　D．being compared

　　13. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable

　　. (2011福建)

　　A. held

　　B. holding

　　C. be held

　　D. to hold

　　14. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _______into small pieces.

　　A. break

　　B. breaking

　　C. broken

　　D. to break

　　1.“______________________________（你有衣服要洗吗）?the maid asked.

　　2.________________________________ (没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.

　　3.______________ (正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.

　　4.______________________________(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited.

　　5.The difficult maths problem _____________________ (很难算出）.

　　6.She was angry for _____________________ (没有被邀请）to the ball.

　　7.The thief stole into the store_________________(没人看到）

　　9.The man who was on duty that day ___________ (应受谴责）