2017高考英语冲刺讲义：三 形容词和副词

　　三、形容词和副词

　　I. 形容词

　　1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置

　　1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible

　　2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible

　　3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake

　　4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long

　　5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful

　　6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with

　　7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a

　　lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)

　　A.Brave enough students

　　B.Enough breave students

　　C.Students brave enough

　　D.Students enough brave

　　注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序

　　熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。

　　规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。

　　▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)

　　A. pretty little Spanish

　　B. Spanish little pretty

　　C. Spanish pretty little

　　D. little pretty Spanish

　　2.复合形容词的构成

　　1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous

　　2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving

　　3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered

　　4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged

　　5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year

　　3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语

　　As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。

　　Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于怕困难，他们宁愿走的路。

　　II.soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never

　　2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why

　　3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile

　　4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why

　　III. 形容词和副词的比较等级

　　形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

　　项

　　目 例

　　句

　　同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother.

　　I am not as/ so good a player as you are.

　　双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”

　　的结构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one.

　　I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).

　　表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one.

　　表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make

　　用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day.

　　我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。

　　（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）

　　倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

　　The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

　　这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍。

　　A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

　　Asia is four times as large as Europe.

　　亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

　　Your school is three times bigger than ours.

　　你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

　　用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

　　. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；

　　2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。