2015届浙江省高考英语一轮复习训练：必修四 Unit 1《Women of achievement》

　　Unit 1　Women of achievement

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·阜新高三质检)Please ________ vocabulary about Market & Price if you want to know better about the article.

　　A．come to B．refer to

　　C．add to

　　D．get to

　　答案：B　考查动词短语。句意：如果你想更好地了解这篇文章，请查阅关于市场和价格的词汇表。refer to“参考；查阅”；come to“谈到”；add to“增添”；get to“到达”。

　　2．(2017·莆田高三质检)In 1863, President Lincoln issued a declaration calling for the last Thursday of November ______ as a day of Thanksgiving.

　　A．being observed

　　B．observed

　　C．observing

　　D．to be observed

　　答案：D　考查非谓语动词。句意：在1863年，林肯总统签署了一个宣言，主张把每年十一月的最后一个星期四定为感恩节。the last Thursday of Novemeber与observe之间是被动关系，又因所表示的动作是将来时，所以用不定式的被动语态作宾补。

　　3．(2017·杭州二中模拟)He is such an unselfish man. You can't help but ________ him.

　　A．respect

　　B．to respect

　　C．respecting

　　D．respected

　　答案：A　考查非谓语动词。句意：他是如此无私的人。你禁不住尊重他。can't help but do sth.“禁不住做某事”，与句意相符。

　　4．(2017·山东四市联考)Bob Geldof, who organized Live Aid, ________ to raise money for the famine and it ______ to be a great success.

　　A．intended; turned out

　　B．tried; turned over

　　C．hoped; turned in

　　D．wished; turned up

　　答案：A　考查动词及动词短语的含义。intend“打算”；turn out“结果是；最终是”。

　　5．(2017·东北四校模拟)When you stand on the top of the mountain and overlook the surrounding scenery, you'll find it is ________ to climb it up with effort.

　　A．worth

　　B．worthy

　　C．possible

　　D．worthwhile

　　答案：D　句意：当你站在山顶并俯瞰周围美景时，你会觉得尽力攀上来是值得的。It is worthwhile to do sth.“做……是值得的”；It is possible to do sth.“做……是可能的”。

　　6．(2017·南阳高三质检)The coach ________ the team to make even greater efforts.

　　A．admires

　　B．demands

　　C．inspires

　　D．respects

　　答案：C　考查动词词义。句意：教练激励球队更加努力。inspire sb. to do sth.“激励/鼓舞某人做某事”，符合句意。admire“羡慕”；demand“要求”，常用于“demand sb. of sth.”结构；respect“尊敬；尊重”。

　　7．(2017·江西盟校联考)The boy is naughty, but he always ________ himself as long as an elder is present.

　　A．behaves

　　B．believes

　　C．performs

　　D．conducts

　　答案：A　句意：男孩很调皮，但是只要长辈在场，他总是很有礼貌。behave oneself意为“表现得体；有礼貌”，为习惯搭配，符合句意。believe“相信”；perform“表演”；conduct“指挥”。

　　8．(2017·泉州五中高三质检)The victory against the terrorists is a great ________ in the global fight against terrorism.

　　A．progress

　　B．achievement

　　C．evidence

　　D．responsibility

　　答案：B　考查名词词义。句意：反对恐怖主义的这场胜利是全球反恐的一大成就。achievement“成就”，符合句意。progress“进步”，是不可数名词；evidence“证据”；responsibility“责任”。

　　9．(2017·山东实验中学诊断)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．had been

　　D．have been

　　答案：A　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：留学中国的外国学生的数目在稳定上升。the number of...作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

　　10．(2017·大连高三质检)I ________ a classmate while waiting for the bus, whom I hadn't seen for about ten years.

　　A．came across

　　B．came out

　　C．got through

　　D．turned into

　　答案：A　考查动词短语。句意：在等公共汽车时，我偶然遇到了一个大约十年没有见面的同学。come across“(偶然)遇见；碰见”，符合题意。come out“出现；结果是”；get through“通过；接通电话”；turn into“变成”。

　　11．(2017·九江一中月考)The shop owner will get all these ordered TV sets ________ to the customers tomorrow.

　　A．delivered

　　B．given

　　C．shown

　　D．worked

　　答案：A　考查动词词义。句意：店主明天会让人把所有预订的电视机送到顾客手中。deliver此处意为“递送”，符合句意。give“给予”；show“显示”；work“工作”。

　　12．(2017·青岛高三质检)Though the soldiers had been working for fifteen hours, they ________ looking for the survivors in the ruins.

　　A．relied on

　　B．carried on

　　C．lived on

　　D．looked on

　　答案：B　考查动词短语。句意：尽管战士们已经持续工作15个小时了，但他们仍继续寻找困在废墟中的幸存者。carry on“继续；坚持”，后接名词或动名词，符合题意。rely on“依靠；依赖”；live on“以……为生”；look on“旁观”。

　　13．(2017·宜春市五校联考)Unfortunately, all the equipment, the computers and printers included, ________ in the big earthquake.

　　A．was damaged

　　B．were damaged

　　C．has been damaged

　　D．have been damaged

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致。句意：不幸地是，所有的设备，包括计算机和打印机都在地震中遭到了破坏。句子的主语是all the equipment，所以用单数；再由句意可知，应该用一般过去时。

　　14．(2017·运城高三质检)There was ________ of old people at the pop concert.

　　A．many audience

　　B．a few audience

　　C．much audience

　　D．a large audience

　　答案：D　句意：流行音乐会上有大量老年听众。表示audience(观众)人数多或少时，通常用large或small，而不用many或few。

　　15．(2017·江西九校联考)They argued ________ each other ________ the matter the whole afternoon, and at last reached an agreement.

　　A．with; with

　　B．on; on

　　C．with; about

　　D．over; over

　　答案：C　句意：他们就那件事情彼此辩论了整个下午，最后终于达成了一致。argue with sb. about“就……与某人争论……”。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2017·南昌市一模)

　　Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own.

　　Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.

　　The new work by Sonya M.

　　Kahlenberg and Richard W．Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal's choice of playthings.

　　The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.

　　“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children's toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures，” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”

　　In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stick­carrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick.“We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls，” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child.

　　We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科普文。研究发现，雌性黑猩猩会把棍子当作自己的玩偶，直到它们有了自己的孩子。

　　1．What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?

　　A．She gives them to her child to play with.

　　B．She treats them as weapons.

　　C．She treats them as dolls.

　　D．She makes useful tools from them.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“... female Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls...”可知，雌性黑猩猩会把棍子当作自己的玩偶。故选C项。

　　2．What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?

　　A．Socialization.

　　B．Sex difference.

　　C．Environment.

　　D．Cultural difference.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。据第二段中的“as well as the first known sex difference...playthings.”可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。故选B项。

　　3．We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.

　　A．socialization has nothing to do with human's choice of playthings

　　B．the biology factor may also influence toy choice

　　C．sex difference is the only factor in human's choice of playthings

　　D．people choose different toys in different cultures

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第一句“our work suggests that biology may also have an important role in activity preferences.”可知，这两位科学家的研究表明：生物学因素也可能影响黑猩猩对玩具的偏好。A项与原文中的“While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation”不符，排除；C项过于绝对；D项文中未涉及。故选B项。

　　4．Wrangham probably believes that ________.

　　A．observing so many chimpanzees has been enough for them to make a conclusion

　　B．the study proves human beings have evolved (进化) from chimpanzees

　　C．all chimpanzees treat the sticks as dolls

　　D．children playing with sticks are abnormal

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”可推断，A项正确。

　　5．It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

　　B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings

　　C．only female chimpanzees have playthings

　　D．both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference

　　答案：D　推理判断题。综合文章内容可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。故选D项。

　　B

　　(2017·海淀区期末)

　　The early lack of exposure to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别) balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.

　　While at home, girls generally don't get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle, but it's the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women.

　　Boys, on the other hand, get on their path, and are encouraged to do so, generally earlier than girls. For example, boys are more often given science sets as toys, which spark an interest in these subjects.

　　In school, boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people, a country, and a planet, we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths, they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.

　　Our bias (偏见) toward girls, either from families or from schools, is so rooted in our culture that we often don't even recognize it. Although the situation has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years, there is still a sense, that girls aren't as good at math, for instance, even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.

　　It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them, we are limiting the potentials of our youth, both male and female. Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn't determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。由于受传统偏见的影响，女孩最终进入STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域的人数不多，直接导致了这些领域中男女比例失衡。作者呼吁，让更多的女性参与到STEM领域中去。

　　6．According to the passage, not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because ________.

　　A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys

　　B．girls do not like to take science classes

　　C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM

　　D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段可知，由于对女孩的偏见，无论在家还是在学校，女孩在了解STEM方面的机会比男孩要少，这就是女孩进入STEM领域人数很少的原因。故答案选C。

　　7．The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to ________.

　　A．our bias

　　B．our culture

　　C．the situation

　　D．a sense

　　答案：A　指代判断题。划线词前面提到，我们对女孩的偏见不是来自家庭，就是来自学校，在我们的文化中根深蒂固，而我们却经常对此不承认。由此可推知，不承认的内容是“我们对女孩的偏见”，因此，it指代的就是our bias。故答案选A。

　　8．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

　　A．show women's potentials in STEM fields

　　B．praise women's contributions to STEM fields

　　C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields

　　D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中的“... help young women understand that their gender shouldn't determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.”并结合全文可知，文章主要目的是为了呼吁更多的女性参与到STEM领域中。故答案选D。

　　9．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub­point (次要点)

　　C：Conclusion

　　答案：D　细节理解题。浏览全文可知，第一段是中心段，提出了问题，起到了总领下文的作用；而第二段和第三段分别谈到在家和在学校的情况，两段是并列平行关系；第四段是对第二段和第三段的总结；最后一段是文章的结论部分。因此，D项符合题意。故答案选D。