五年高考（2011-2015）英语试题分项精解：专题18 完形填空之说明文类（解析版）

　　1.【2015·重庆】B

　　Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28

　　, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are

　　29

　　jet lag（时差反应）.

　　Travelers have traditionally fought this

　　30

　　with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.

　　For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start

　　32

　　your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay

　　33

　　. Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight,

　　34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new

　　35of sleep and wakefulness.

　　28. A. flight

　　B. change

　　C. demand

　　D. climate

　　29. A. suffering from B. working on

　　C. looking into

　　D. leading to

　　30. A. danger

　　B. problem

　　C. waste

　　D. fear

　　31. A. briefly

　　B. slowly

　　C. suddenly

　　D. effectively

　　32. A. checking

　　B. sending

　　C. adjusting

　　D. stopping

　　33. A. awake

　　B. alone

　　C. hungry

　　D. calm

　　34. A. though

　　B. so

　　C. whole

　　D. or

　　35. A. understanding B. cycle

　　C. research

　　D. trend

　　【考点定位】日常生活类短文

　　【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手，根据常识能够得出答案如28，33空。29和31根据语境得出答案，做此类题目时，考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这样有的放矢，大大提高阅读的效率，不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读，文中的每句话都有其出现的意义，上下文的联系是十分重要的。

　　2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.

　　51

　　, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

　　In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more

　　52

　　in people’s lives. The

　　53

　　is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.

　　Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be

　　54

　　. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that

　　55

　　attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.

　　First Impression

　　To help determine the

　　56

　　of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to

　　57

　　what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

　　As it turned out, their

　　58

　　judgments often held true. Students seemed to

　　59

　　at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.

　　The

　　60

　　Knows

　　Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling

　　61

　　to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as

　　62

　　as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

　　Face Value

　　Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for

　　63

　　. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we

　　64

　　attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.

　　When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to

　　65

　　words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.

　　51. A. Instead

　　B. Therefore

　　C. Moreover

　　D. Otherwise

　　52. A. romantic

　　B. stressful

　　C. central

　　D. artificial

　　53. A. priority

　　B. proof

　　C. possibility

　　D. principle

　　54. A. tested

　　B. impressed

　　C. changed

　　D. created

　　55. A. appearances

　　B. virtues

　　C. similarities

　　D. passions

　　56. A. illustrations

　　B. implications C. ingredients

　　D. intentions

　　57. A. predict

　　B. investigate

　　C. diagnose

　　D. recall

　　58. A. critical

　　B. initial

　　C. random

　　D. mature

　　59. A. memorize

　　B. distinguish

　　C. negotiate

　　D. question

　　60. A. Nose

　　B. Eye

　　C. Heart

　　D. Hand

　　61. A. open

　　B. alert

　　C. resistant

　　D. superior

　　62. A. disappointed

　　B. amazed

　　C. confused

　　D. gifted

　　63. A. emotion

　　B. attractiveness C. individuality

　　D. signals

　　64. A. enhance

　　B. possess

　　C. maintain

　　D. assess

　　65. A. familiar

　　B. plain

　　C. positive

　　D. irritating

　　54. D

　　考查动词以及对语境的理解

　　tested 意为测试，imposed意为强加，changed  意为改变，created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。

　　55. C

　　考查名词以及对语境的理解

　　appearances 意为外表，virtues  意为美德，similarities意为相似，passions 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。

　　56. C

　　考查名词以及对语境的理解

　　illustrations 意为说明，implications 意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响，ingredients 意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Impression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。

　　57. A

　　考查动词以及对语境的理解

　　predict 意为预测，investigate  意为调查，diagnose  意为诊断， recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后

　　62. D

　　考查形容词以及对语境的理解

　　disappointed 意为失望的，amazed  意为惊奇的，confused  意为困惑的，gifted 意为有天赋的。根据In contrast（相反）以及后文“Although we may not be aware of chemicals 尽管我们没有意识到”， 结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。

　　63. B

　　考查名词以及对语境的理解

　　emotion意为情感，attractiveness 意为吸引力，individuality  意为个人的 ，signals意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive，结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive是同根重现，所以答案是attractiveness.

　　64. D

　　考查动词以及对语境的理解

　　enhance 意为加强，possess 意为拥有，maintain  意为维持， assess 意为评定。该句是本段的总结，前面提到的是研究者做的吸引力实验，最后得出的结论就是我们评估吸引力的方法自动的。这是评估的方法，而不能是拥有，维持，或者是加强，所以答案为assess.

　　65. C

　　考查形容词以及对语境的理解

　　familiar  意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的， positive 意为积极的， irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive积极的。

　　【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？

　　【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58题和59题；要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。

　　wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.

　　Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”

　　Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.

　　Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.

　　. A. reject

　　B. recite

　　C. respect

　　D. remove

　　. A. plans

　　B. tips

　　C. arguments

　　D. choices

　　. A. unsafe

　　B. excited

　　C. satisfied

　　D. awkward

　　. A. relief

　　B. belonging

　　C. humor

　　D. direction

　　. A. but

　　B. for

　　C. so

　　D. or

　　. A. forbidden

　　B. allowed

　　C. expected

　　D. tolerated

　　. A. emotions

　　B. concern

　　C. interest

　　D. views

　　. A. natural

　　B. advisable

　　C. unwise

　　D. unnecessary

　　【答案】

　　C

　　B

　　D

　　C

　　B

　　A

　　A

　　C

　　考点：完形填空。

　　2017

　　【2017重庆卷】B

　　It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情绪). When you are

　　49

　　, you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.

　　One way to improve your mood is

　　50

　　. Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for

　　51

　　goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your

　　52

　　. That is why exercise has been shown to

　　53

　　your self-respect.

　　You do not have to train yourself

　　54

　　to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is

　　55

　　, not intensity(强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.

　　49. A. ill

　　B. poor

　　C. unhappy

　　D. unsuccessful

　　50. A. play

　　B. communication

　　C. sleep

　　D. exercise

　　51. A. clear

　　B. present

　　C. common

　　D. early

　　52. A. ability

　　B. relationship

　　C. confidence

　　D. business

　　53. A. tear down

　　B. build up

　　C. set aside

　　D. give out

　　54. A. hard

　　B. everywhere

　　C. carefully

　　D. late

　　55. A. time

　　B. length

　　C. form

　　D. frequency

　　【2017广东卷】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　, experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not

　　3

　　.However, if you remove two, the bird

　　4

　　leaves. This means that the bird knows the

　　5

　　between two and three.

　　Another interesting experiment showed a bird's

　　6

　　number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow（乌鸦）that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not

　　7

　　until the man left the tower. The man had an

　　8

　　.He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not

　　9

　　the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was

　　10

　　with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were

　　11

　　.It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were

　　12

　　able to fool the crow.

　　How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a

　　13

　　group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are

　　14

　　fooled.

　　It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human

　　15

　　is not much better than a crow's.

　　1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend

　　2. A. Importantly

　　B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately

　　3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice

　　4. A. generally

　　B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately

　　5． A. distance

　　B. range C. different D. interval

　　6． A. amazing

　　B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing

　　7. A. relax B. recover

　　C. react D. return

　　8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation

　　9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill

　　10. A. reported B. repeated C. designed D. approved

　　11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk

　　12. A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally

　　13. A. single B. small C. local D. new

　　14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often

　　15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief

　　本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用，依法追责！

　　【官方标准答案：】

　　1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

　　A卷 C B D A C A D C A B B D B D C

　　B卷 A D B C A C B A C D D B D B A

　　【文章出处：】出处：www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/snumbers.html

　　出处2：www.nytimes.com/books/first/d/dehaene-number.html‎

　　【考点定位：】考察六个动词，四个副词，二个形容词，三个名词

　　其中运用重现策略解题的题目有七道题。分别是

　　备考提示：副词这两年都考查了较多（往年要么一个或者没有），重现依然占有一定的比例。所以在平时的复习中选题或编题，应该按照这种情况作相应的调整。

　　从AB卷的选项比例来看，各选项符合

　　2017年

　　（2017·课标全国卷）

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks

　　__36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more

　　__37__

　　than we realize. In fact, non­verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really

　　__38__. And body language is particularly

　　__39__

　　when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so

　　__40__

　　a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.

　　__41__， different societies treat the

　　__42__

　　between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having

　　__43__

　　contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with

　　__44__. People from Latin American countries,

　　__45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in

　　__46__， it may look like a Latino is

　　__47__

　　a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving

　　__48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep

　　__49__

　　—which the Latino will in return regard as

　　__50__.

　　Clearly, a great deal is going on when people

　　__51__. And only a part of it is in the

　　words themselves. And when parties are from

　　__52__

　　cultures, there's a strong possibility of

　　__53__

　　. But whatever the situation, the best

　　__54__

　　is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be

　　__55__.

　　36．A.straighter

　　B．louder　

　　C．harder　D．further

　　37．A.sounds

　　B．invitations

　　C．feelings

　　D．messages

　　38．A.hope

　　B．receive

　　C．discover

　　D．mean

　　39．A.immediate

　　B．misleading

　　C．important

　　D．difficult

　　40．A.well

　　B．far

　　C．much

　　D．long

　　41．A.For example

　　B．Thus

　　C．However

　　D．In short

　　42．A.trade

　　B．distance

　　C．connections

　　D．greetings

　　43．A.eye

　　B．verbal

　　C．bodily

　　D．telephone

　　44．A.strangers

　　B．relatives

　　C．neighbours

　　D．enemies

　　45．A.in other words

　　B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means

　　46．A.trouble

　　B．conversation

　　C．silence

　　D．experiment

　　47．A.disturbing

　　B．helping

　　C．guiding

　　D．following

　　48．A.closer

　　B．faster

　　C．in

　　D．away

　　49．A.stepping forward B．going on

　　C．backing away

　　D．coming out

　　50．A.weakness

　　B．carelessness

　　C．friendliness

　　D．coldness

　　51．A.talk

　　B．travel

　　C．laugh

　　D．think

　　52．A.different

　　B．European

　　C．Latino

　　D．rich

　　53．A.curiosity

　　B．excitement

　　C．misunderstanding D．nervousness

　　54．A.chance

　　B．time

　　C．result

　　D．advice

　　55．A.noticed

　　B．treated

　　C．respected

　　D．pleased

　　There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see

　　there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21____home from work in the evenings. A man will be__22____the newspaper, and seconds later it __23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so ___28____that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of

　　the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the movement carries the__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36_____ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, ___38____ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. When

　　people are really ___40_____，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-----no matter where they are.

　　21. A. way

　　B. track

　　C. path

　　D. road

　　22. A. buying

　　B. folding

　　C. delivering

　　D. reading

　　23. A. acts

　　B. shows

　　C. appears

　　D. sounds

　　24. A. open

　　B. eat

　　C. find

　　D. finish

　　25. A. lying

　　B. waiting

　　C. talking

　　D. sitting

　　26. A. Next

　　B. Every

　　C. Another

　　D. One

　　27. A. goes on

　　B. ends up

　　C. lasts

　　D. returns

　　28. A. bravely

　　B. happily

　　C. loudly

　　D. carelessly

　　29. A. leave

　　B. shake

　　C. keep

　　D. watch

　　30. A. size

　　B. shape

　　C. weight

　　D. strength

　　31．A. cushion

　　B. desk

　　C. shoulder

　　D. book

　　32. A. action

　　B. position

　　C. rest

　　D. side

　　33. A. memory

　　B. reason

　　C. question

　　D. purpose

　　34. A. thinking

　　B. working

　　C. walking

　　D. driving

　　35. A. changes

　　B. events

　　C. ideas

　　D. accidents

　　36. A. up

　　B. off

　　C. along

　　D. down

　　37. A. lucky

　　B. awake

　　C. calm

　　D. strong

　　38. A. in time

　　B. at first

　　C. as usual

　　D. for example

　　39. A. dust

　　B. water

　　C. grass

　　D. bush

　　40. A. tired

　　B. drunk

　　C. lonely

　　D. lazy

　　21----25ADCBD

　　26---30 CACBC

　　31----35BCADD

　　36---40BADBA