2017届高考英语一轮复习学通语法课件：第3讲 介词与介词短语（新人教版）

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　　介词与介词短语 突破常考点 演练大冲关

　　把脉易错点 介词 用法 示例 at 一般指在较小的地方 I met him at the shop. in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内 They arrived in Beijing yesterday. Shandong Province lies in the east of China. 介词 用法 示例 on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域 The picture is hanging on the wall. Vietnam is on the south of China. to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置 Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.

　　beside/by “在……的旁边” She was standing beside her mother. There is a small house by the river. near “接近；靠近” There is a supermarket near my home. 介词 用法 示例 between 在两者或每两者之间 I sat down between Sue and Jane. among 在三者或三者以上之间 The teacher was standing among the students. 介词 用法 示例 across 从……的表面穿过 He walked across the square to meet us. through 从……的内部穿过 The guide led us through the forest. over 从……的上面跨过 The thief jumped over the fence and fled away. past 从……的旁边经过 She walked past the shop. 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日 at 9：00; at noon; at daybreak; at Christmas in 表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the 21st century; in September; in the morning on 表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May 介词 用法 示例 for “for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语 He has lived in the small village for five years. I studied in Peking University for 4 years. since “since＋时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语 He has worked in this company since graduation. Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o’clock. 介词 用法 示例 by “by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词 My brother usually goes to school by bike. in/on in/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰 My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle. 介词 用法 示例 by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词 He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young. in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前 All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink. with 多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前 They are busy digging with spades. 介词 用法 示例 except 表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除 All my friends took part in the party except John. except for 其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. besides 表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的 He has learned German, French besides English. 含义 示例 (表示态度)反对 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. (表示对比)以……为背景 The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. (表示方位)倚靠着…… The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded. 含义 示例 (表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town. (表示时间)晚于…… He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time. (表示程度)超出，非……所能及 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 含义 示例 (表示方位)越过 The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance. (表示等级或数目)高于，在……之上，超过 He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages. (表示时间或过程)在……期间 I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 含义 示例 (表示方向、距离)到，向，去 It was on the way to the railway station. (表示时间)直到……为止，到 He wakes at a quarter to six every morning. (表示比较、比例、参照)与……相比，相对于……而言 I prefer oranges to apples. (表示对象关系)属于，对，给 The hospital is attached to the university. 达到(某一点或某个限度) Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero. 含义 示例 在……下面，在……之下 She placed the ladder under the window. 在……过程中 The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion. (数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在……以下 These toys are not suitable for children under five. 受……影响 She’s been under a lot of pressure at work. 含义 示例 和……一起，和，同，跟 Would you like to go shopping with me？ (表示同时或同一方向)随着 With time going by, the little tree has grown up. 具有，带有 The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money with me. 由于，因为 He trembled with fear. (表示方式)用 He cut it with a knife.