2016届高考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：专题2 代词与语篇衔接（新人教版）

　　一 二 三 四 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词在语篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于语篇层次上的一个语法范畴。语篇的连贯依靠衔接关系来建立,而代词在语篇中的上下文照应关系是语篇衔接的最重要手段之一。 二 三 四 一 一、误用与漏用 代词要和所指代的名词在性、数、人称上保持一致。有些动词有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代词或反身代词,此时不能漏用。 1.物主代词 英语中的物主代词根据句法功能分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。前者只能在句中作定语,后者可以在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 The room isn’t ours.It’s theirs. My car is under repair.May I use yours? 注意:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Look at the two pencils.The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. =Look at the two pencils.The red one is your pencil and the blue one is my pencil. 二 三 四 一 2.物主代词的漏用 有些在英语中必须要用的物主代词在汉语中往往无须表达,注意此时不要漏掉英语中的物主代词。如: 她做晚饭时弄伤了手指。 误:She cut finger while cooking supper.正:She cut her finger while cooking supper. (3)有无物主代词意思的区别 有些表达用不用物主代词都可以,但是意思不一样,此时注意不要受相似结构和短语的影响而用错物主代词。如: 不管你做什么你都不要灰心。 误:Don’t lose your heart whatever you do.正:Don’t lose heart whatever you do. lose heart 与 lose one’s heart仅差一个物主代词,意思截然不同:前者意为“灰心、泄气”;后者意为“爱上、钟情于”。 二 三 四 一 二、反身代词 1.作动词的宾语 常跟在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,behave等动词后作宾语。如: He is teaching himself English.他在自学英语。 He seated himself by the window. 他在窗子旁坐下。 Help yourself to some fruit.吃点水果吧。 与反身代词连用的常见动词搭配如下: absent oneself from 缺席 accustom oneself to 热心于 adapt oneself to 适应于 addict oneself in 沉溺于 二 三 四 一 amuse oneself with/by 以……自娱 apply oneself to 致力于 bend oneself to 热衷于 break oneself of 去掉……习惯 charge oneself with 承担 concern oneself with 关心;忙于 confine oneself to 局限于 devote oneself to 致力于 dress oneself in 穿着 engage oneself in 从事于 engage oneself to 同……订婚 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 free oneself of 摆脱 二 三 四 一 give oneself to 热衷于 help oneself to 随意吃 lose oneself in 入迷 occupy oneself with 从事 prepare oneself for 准备 rid oneself of 除去 expose oneself to 暴露于;遭受 throw oneself to 投身于 二 三 四 一 2.作介词的宾语 常在by,for,to,of等介词后作宾语。 by oneself单独地;独自地;靠自己 to oneself独自享用,不与他人共享 for oneself为自己,代表自己;独自地 of itself自动地 in itself本身;本质上 between ourselves咱们私下说说(不足为外人道) come to oneself苏醒;恢复情绪 say to oneself 心里想 talk to oneself自言自语 二 三 四 一 3.作主语或宾语的同位语,主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如: The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语) Did you see Mr.Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗?(himself作宾语Mr.Wang的同位语) 4.作表语:在be,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如: I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。 I am feeling myself again. 我觉得健康如昔。 二 三 四 一 5.用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如: Help yourself!请随便吃吧!请自己去取吧! Make yourself at home!别客气! Don’t upset yourself!别自寻烦恼! Make yourself heard/understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。 二 三 四 一 二 三 四 一 I can’t find my pen.Have you seen it? 我找不到我的钢笔了,你看到过它吗? I can’t find my pen.I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的钢笔了,我想我得去买一支。 I want very much to see these films,especially the one you mentioned. 我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。 You’re the one who knows where to go. 只有你知道该到哪里去。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州的冷。 Do you know the ones who moved here recently? 你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗? 二 三 四 一 It’s up to us to help those in need. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。 二 三 四 一 四、it的用法 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1.代指前文已提到过的一个事物。如: That vase is valuable.It’s more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。 2.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用it来表示。 如: It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? 3.it作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如: It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 二 三 四 一 4.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如: How is it going with you?你近况如何? When it comes to saving energy,big changes start with small steps,like turning off the lights. 当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯。 5.it充当形式主语或形式宾语。 it充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、v.-ing或名词性从句。 如: It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to make a living. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。 (it作形式主语) We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 (it作形式宾语) 二 三 四 一

　　it充当形式宾语的句型结构 主语+consider,regard,suppose,think,believe,make,feel,find,know+it+宾语补足语(名词或形容词)+to do sth. it充当形式主语的常用句型 It takes sb.some time/money/trouble to do sth. It costs sb.some money/time/energy/labour to do sth. It is adj.for sb.to do sth.(形容词用来指明某事) It is adj.of sb.to do sth.(形容词用来指明人的情况) It is no good/no use/useless/worthwhile/fun/a waste of time+v.-ing It+be+过去分词+that... It+seems/appears/happens 等不及物动词及短语+that... 二 三 四 一 6.it用于强调结构。其基本句型为:It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他...。 It is I who have done it. 是我做的这件事。 It was at that time that I thought of giving him a call. 直到那时我才想起要给他一个电话。 7.it还可在介词后作宾语,再通过that引导宾语从句。常见的动词短语有see to,rely on,depend on等。如: You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他们会支持你的。 They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。 二 三 四 一 8.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(词组),尤其是表示“好恶”等的心理方面的动词后。如:enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate等。即这些动词(词组)后的宾语从句前要加it。如: I like it when the sky is clear and bright in autumn. 我喜欢秋高气爽的时候。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.You can ask anyone for help.

　　　 here is willing to lend you a hand.  2.—Who’s that at the door? —　 is the milkman.  3.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in 　,knives and forks.  4.—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? —　.I’ll be in all day.  5.Susan made　 clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.  6.I’d appreciate 　if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.  7.She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked 　and moved to Cambridge.  Everyone/Everybody

　　It

　　others

　　Either

　　it

　　it

　　neither

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ 8.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making 　the driest year since California became a state in 1850.  9.A smile costs 　,but gives much.  10.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then 　of her colleagues.  it

　　nothing

　　that

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.单句改错 1.I dream constantly that I,along with mine classmates,will study happily with the help of the respectable professors.   2.I sincerely hope you can give us a chance.I’m looking forward to your early reply.   3.The cost of renting a house in central Beijing is higher than it in any other area of the city.   4.Every year,millions of people visit the Palace Museum,and many of those are foreigners.   答案:mine→my　

　　答案:us→me　

　　答案:it→that　

　　答案:those→them

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ 5.People say money is the root of all evils,but I believe money himself is not bad.   6.We enjoyed very much at the party last night.   7.Various animals have shells that keep themselves from being hurt.   8.There is a pity that she is going to leave,which makes us all very sad.   9.Yes,what is difficult to find a job nowadays,but what is more difficult is to try to find such a good one.   10.You may depend on that he will turn up in time.   答案:himself→itself　

　　答案:enjoyed后加ourselves　

　　答案:themselves→them　

　　答案:There→It　

　　答案:第一个what→it　

　　答案:on后加it

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