2016届高考英语二轮词法专题讲座素材：18 定语从句

　　英语词法专题讲座十八：定语从句

　　一、定语从句（一）：

　　1. 定语从句的概念：

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　2. 先行词：

　　被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

　　3. 关系词：

　　引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

　　4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。

　　关系词 指代 在定语从句中的作用

　　that 既指人也指物 作主语、宾语

　　which 指物 作主语、宾语

　　who 指人 作主语

　　whom 指人 作宾语

　　whose 既指人也指物 作定语

　　二、定语从句（二）

　　1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。

　　1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。

　　There is nothing ______ I can do for you.

　　2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。

　　This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.

　　3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。

　　This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school.

　　4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。

　　This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=

　　I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.

　　5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。

　　He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.

　　2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。

　　1). 关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。

　　This is the building in ______ he lives.

　　2). 先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。

　　The clock is that _____ tells the time.

　　3). 引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。

　　His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.

　　3. 先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。

　　1). 当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。

　　Those ______ are singing are all my classmates.

　　2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。

　　There is a girl ______ expects to see you.

　　3). 当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who。

　　He ______ plays with fire gets burned.

　　三、定语从句（三）。

　　由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。

　　where =

　　in / at +which

　　when = in / on / at +which

　　why = for + which

　　1. 由where引导的定语从句。

　　1). 先行词是表示地点的名词

　　2). 在定语从句中作地点状语

　　Is this the house ______ you lived? =

　　Is this the house _____ _____ you lived?

　　= Is this the house _____ you lived in?

　　2. 由when引导的定语从句。

　　1). 先行词是表示时间的名词

　　2). 在定语从句中作时间状语

　　I will never forget the days ______ I met him.

　　= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.

　　注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。

　　When was the last time you saw the parrot?

　　3. 由why引导的定语从句。

　　先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。

　　We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.

　　四、注意事项：

　　1. 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

　　The story _____ he told was very popular.

　　A. who

　　B. whom

　　C. whose

　　D.

　　/

　　2. that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

　　I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.

　　She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

　　3. 在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。

　　Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

　　A. which you bought

　　B. that you bought it

　　C. you bought

　　D. you bought it

　　4. 定语从句中whose 的确定：

　　无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。

　　判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。

　　The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate.

　　A. who

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　I know the boy. His handwriting is very good.

　　=

　　I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

　　五、定语从句的简化

　　把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。

　　1. She reveived a box which was full of presents.

　　She reveived a box _____ _____ presents.

　　2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

　　He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun.

　　3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it.

　　I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it.

　　4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.

　　Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.