2016届高考英语（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）二轮复习课件：专题5 定语从句

　　栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题5　定语从句 2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅰ 专题5　定语从句 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 定语从句 全国卷Ⅰ64题[关系代词that/which] 全国卷Ⅰ67题[关系代词that/which] 未考 高考对定语从句的考查集中在关系代词(that，which，who)及关系副词(when，where)的选用上,且在语篇型语法填空中的考查形式为无提示型。 1．(2015·高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)Some experts think

　　reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school

　　education depends. 2．(2015·高考四川卷，单项填空，改编)The books on the

　　desk，____________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3．(2015·泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of

　　teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others. 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 which whose who/that 4．(2015·河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，____________was

　　just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5．(2015·济宁模拟)____________is expected，the air quality

　　in the city has improved in the past two months. which As 1．which指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以 省略。 2．that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语 时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 3.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1)先行词为不定代词all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代词修饰时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。 (4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人 和事。 4．关系词只用which而不用that的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that) (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T－shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤，这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。 (2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 5．who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 6．whose的用法 whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.　 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 7．as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such...as...，the same...as...等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。” 单句语法填空 1．(2015·河北邢台高三摸底考试)Officer：I’m afraid I

　　can’t do that，Madam.In school zones，I’m required to

　　give tickets to all drivers____________break the rules.It’s the law in this county.

　　2．(2015·烟台模拟)Those____________want to go to the

　　museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. who/that who 3.I’m glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_______ consideration our project would have ended in failure.

　　4．____________is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. whose As 1．(2015·滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day__________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a

　　smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your

　　basket is free.”

　　2．Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city___________ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a

　　house from which he could get to his office in the city early

　　every day. 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 when where 3．(2015·江西鹰潭二模)The police must give the reasons ____________they are arresting him and tell him his rights

　　under the law. 4．(2015·高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)As the

　　smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the

　　time____________he should be able to be independent. why when 1．where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的 地方。 2．当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。 (2015·高考浙江卷，单项填空，改编)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。 3．why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？ 特别注意 在非限制性定语从句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 4．when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。 (2017·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。 单句语法填空 1．(2015·高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)Opposite is St.Paul’s

　　Church，____________you can hear some lovely music.

　　2．(2015·湖南怀化一模)Almost every teenager will experience

　　a period in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents. 3．(2015·山师大附中模拟)It would have turned into another

　　one of those moments____________the thought of sending a

　　card crossed my mind but never actually happened. where when when 技法1　识别定语从句、并列句 在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是：抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。

　　(2015·泰安检测)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of____________looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of____________jumped the queue. 【解析】　此题考查定语从句和并列句的区别。第一空为定语从句修饰先行词people，第二空由but可知为并列句应用them。句意：许多人都在公共汽车站等，一些人看起来很焦虑又很失望，但是没有一个人插队。 whom them 技法2　分析先行词，确定引导词 首先确定先行词，然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分：作主语、宾语、表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语则用关系副词when/where/why；作介词宾语则用关系代词which/whom。 另外，考生应考虑特殊情况：只用that的情况、只用which的情况、as引导的定语从句等。

　　(2017·高考福建卷，单项填空，改编)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_________ lives were affected. 【解析】　句意：这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整，先行词those，引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives，作定语，因此用whose。

　　whose

　　(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空，节选)I’d skipped

　　nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the

　　limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese

　　paintings. 【解析】　句意：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。 that/which 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题5　定语从句