2016届高考英语二轮复习练习：选修7（北师大版）

　　☆佳作诵读

　　Recently, the topic of whether English should be tested in a reformed way has been heatedly discussed. Many believe the current evaluation procedures hinder students' comprehensive abilities and therefore argue for a reform.

　　Personally, I am against this point of view. There are numerous reasons 1.why I think so, but today I would only explore some of them. Firstly, I don't think our comprehensive abilities are hindered. ②To my knowledge, many of my classmates are good at all the four skills of English. Moreover, the current testing system is nothing but the fairest way for students to get selected for college study. Admittedly, there is pressure nowadays. But who can guarantee a new testing method will spare us from pressure?

　　③As to the development of comprehensive language abilities, I believe the only solution is we students practice more, either listening and reading or speaking and writing. 2.Only in this way can we learn English in an effective way. That's all. I ④appreciate your attention.

　　☞好词积累

　　1．argue for辩护支持

　　2．to one's knowledge 就某人所知

　　3．as to关于

　　4．appreciate one's attention 感谢某人的关注

　　好句延展

　　1.请告诉我你为什么缺席。

　　Please tell me the reason why_(＝for_which)_you_were_absent.

　　2．只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。

　　Only_in_this_way_can_we wipe out the enemy troops.

　　1 单词拓展识记

　　一、单词与派生

　　1．________adv.真诚地→________adj.真诚的

　　2．________vi.& vt.加速→________n．加速→________n．加速器

　　3．________n．流利度，流畅度→________adj.流畅的

　　4．________n．缺乏；缺席→________adj.缺席的，不在场的

　　5．________n．(语言)习得→________vt.习得；获得

　　6．________vt.环绕，围绕→________adj.周围的

　　7．________vt.扩大→________adj.大的

　　8．________vt.调节；调整→________n．调节；调整

　　9．________vt.告知，通知→________n．信息

　　10．________n．通告；宣告→________vt.宣告；宣布

　　11________vt.祝贺→________n．祝贺

　　12．________vt.购买→________(同义词)

　　13．________vt.协商；谈判→________n．谈判；协商

　　14．________n．赞成；赞许；批准→________vi.& vt.赞成；赞许；批准

　　15．________n．申请人→________vi.申请→________n．申请书

　　16．________vt.使窘迫→________adj.感到窘迫的→________adj.令人窘迫的→________n．窘迫；尴尬

　　【答案】　1.sincerely；sincere　2.accelerate；acceleration；accelerator　3.fluency；fluent　4.absence；absent　5.acquisition；acquire　6.surround；surrounding　7.enlarge; large　8.adjust；adjustment　9.inform；information　10.announcement；announce　11.congratulate；congratulation　12.purchase；buy　13.negotiate；negotiation　14.approval；approve　15.applicant；apply；application　16.embarrass；embarrassed；embarrassing；embarrassment

　　二、典词语境填空

　　1．I shall go provided (假若) that it doesn't rain.

　　2．They resemble (相似) each other in shape but not in color.

　　3．He is very cautious of giving offense (冒犯) to others.

　　4．These pills should ensure (确保) you a good night's sleep.

　　5．It was transparent (明显的) that her pride was hurt.

　　6．She had adequate (充足的) grounds for a divorce.

　　7．She remained unconscious (无意识的) for several hours.

　　8．The factory is enlarged (扩大) to make room for more machinery.

　　9．It is impossible to say with any accuracy (精确) how many are affected.

　　10．I'm determined to attain (达到) my purpose at any cost.

　　2 短语多维运用

　　一、互译练习

　　1．合作__________________

　　2．出色；突出

　　__________________

　　3．取得成功；获得进步

　　__________________

　　4．依靠；依赖

　　__________________

　　5．采取……形式

　　__________________

　　6．调整……以适应……

　　__________________

　　7．通知某人某事

　　__________________

　　8．由……组成，构成

　　__________________

　　9．catch on

　　__________________

　　10．for ages

　　__________________

　　11．congratulate sb.on sth.

　　__________________

　　12．on purpose

　　__________________

　　13．regardless of

　　__________________

　　14．on the other hand

　　__________________

　　15．I bet

　　__________________

　　16．more than

　　__________________

　　【答案】　1.team up　2.stand out　3.get ahead　4.rely on　5.take the form of　6.adjust...to...　7.inform sb.of sth.　8.consist of　9.学会，受欢迎　10.很久，很长时间　11.就某事向某人祝贺　12.故意地　13.不管，不顾　14.另一方面　15.我肯定　16.不仅仅，超过

　　二、用上述短语的适当形式填空

　　1．He kept us waiting for_ages while he packed his luggage.

　　2．He did not want to team_up with anybody.

　　3．Further additions to your pay may take_the_form_of bonus payments.

　　4．I think the old fashion didn't catch_on with the teenagers.

　　5．It's tough for a woman to get_ahead in politics in ancient times.

　　6．He did it on_purpose,_knowing it would annoy her.

　　7．The medical team consists_of 5 men and 3 women.

　　8．She stood_out in the crowd, so I could pick her out easily.

　　3 句式高仿演练

　　1．(教材P6)This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.

　　它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。

　　[句式仿写]　这本书对你的研究工作将很有价值。

　　This book will be_of_great_value for your study.

　　2．(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.

　　良好的输入能确保良好的输出，无论是说还是写。

　　[句式仿写]　他要留下来还是要走，我真的不在意。

　　Whether_or_not_he_will_stay,_I really do not care.

　　3．(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.

　　第三，你们说如果我提前付费的话就可以优惠。

　　[句式仿写]　只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议。

　　Provided_that_circumstances_permit,_we shall hold the meeting next week.

　　4 课文语法填空

　　As is 1.________(predict)，English has been the global language, as the international companies grow and communications advance. Being able to speak more than one language can make you stand 2.________.However，it's difficult to learn English in the 3.________(absent) of a native language environment. So most of us have to rely on our school curriculum 4.________encourages teachers to create a rich language environment in the classroom.

　　Teachers must convey an adequate amount of input in English 5. ________ the students. 6.________to really get ahead，you need to do extra work outside of the classroom. Experts give some recommendations：7.________(set) achievable targets；Listening to an English song after reading the words；Reading the news in English 8.________watching it in your own language；Watching your favorite DVD；Studying with your friends and rewarding 9. ________ (you).These recommendations are easy to achieve and well worth the extra effort. Putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated，you need to 10.________in mind why you are learning English.

　　【答案】　1.predicted　2.out　3.absence　4.which　5.to

　　6．But　7.Setting　8.after　9.yourself　10.keep

　　1 高考真题演练

　　Ⅰ.完形填空——完成句子

　　　(2017·江西高考)Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much! I just adjusted_them_slightly!

　　爸爸把你脖子上的螺栓拧得太紧了。我只是轻微地调整了一下。

　　(教材P6)Watching a favourite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解——完成句子

　　1．(2017·湖北高考)There's an apparent laziness that surrounds_you here.

　　在这里你周围充斥着显而易见的慵懒。

　　(教材P6)Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.

　　2．(2017·广东高考)One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were_informed,_“Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”

　　一个接一个地，接下来的六个到达收费亭的司机被告知“某个女士已经支付了你们的费用”。

　　(教材P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.

　　2 核心单词突破

　　absence n．不存在；缺席；缺乏

　　(教材P6)However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.

　　然而，没有英语语言环境，学习英语是非常难的。

　　(1)absence from...缺席，离开

　　absence of mind心不在焉

　　in the absence of sth.由于缺少……，在缺少的情况下

　　in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence某人不在时

　　(2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的，走神的(反义词：present adj.出席的)

　　be absent from不在，缺席We were worried by the absence of definite figures in the report.

　　报告里缺少具体数字，这使我们担心。

　　②In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.

　　由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。

　　③How many students are_absent_from class today?

　　今天有多少学生缺席？

　　surround vt.环绕；围绕

　　(教材P6)Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.

　　一些备受推崇的关于语言习得的理论相信，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。

　　(1)surround sb./sth.(with sb./sth.)(使某人/某物)包围某人/某物

　　be surrounded by/with sb./sth.被某人(物)所包围

　　(2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的

　　surroundings n．周围的事物；环境，气氛

　　I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass­top wooden table.

　　我走进门口，看到一套棕色的沙发围着一张低矮的玻璃桌面的木桌子。

　　②He loves to be_surrounded_with his family and friends.他喜欢与家人和朋友在一起。

　　③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.

　　只有这样，我们才能生活在更加舒适优美的环境中。

　　adequate adj.足够的；充分的；胜任的

　　(教材P6)．..they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.

　　……他们确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。

　　be adequate for sth.……充足

　　be adequate to (doing) sth.胜任(做)某事

　　be adequate to do sth.足够做某事

　　①I hope you can prove adequate to the job.

　　希望你能证明自己能胜任这项工作。

　　②Are the parking facilities adequate_for

　　fifty cars?

　　停车设施能停放得下50辆汽车吗？

　　③Is your salary adequate to support yourself?

　　你的薪水够你一人生活吗？

　　[易混辨析]

　　enough/adequate

　　enough

　　足够的，可作adj.和adv.。

　　adequate 刚好足够，勉强够用的。只作adj.。

　　助记

　　ensure vt.确保，保证

　　(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.

　　良好的输入能确保良好的输出，无论是说还是写。

　　ensure that...确保……

　　ensure sb.sth.保证某人某事

　　ensure sb.against/from sth.确保某人不做某事

　　①Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off.

　　请务必将所有灯都关掉。

　　②All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure_their_safety.

　　已采取所有的措施来确保他们的安全。

　　③This pill will ensure you have a good night's sleep.

　　这颗药丸一定会使你好好地睡一夜。

　　adjust vi.&vt.调整，调节；使适合，使适应

　　(教材P6)Watching a favourite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.

　　观看一张你喜爱的光盘，但要把你熟悉部分的语言转换成英语。

　　(1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事

　　adjust sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己适应(做)某事

　　(2)adjustment n．调整，调节，适应

　　make an adjustment做出调整

　　She soon adjusted herself to the new life.

　　她很快适应了这种新生活。

　　②The seat can be adjusted to the height of the child.

　　这个座位可以按照孩子的高度进行调节。

　　③He made_an_adjustment_to ensure everybody has equal opportunity.

　　他做出调整以便人人机会均等。

　　inform vt.告知；通知；了解

　　(教材P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.

　　把你的目标告诉朋友，这样他们也能激励你。

　　(1)inform sb./oneself of sth.通知某人某事

　　inform sb./oneself＋that/what/where等从句通知某人……

　　keep sb./oneself informed of sth.使某人/自己了解某事

　　(2)well­informed adj.消息灵通的

　　The salesmanager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.销售部经理让他手下的人及时把关于销售量的情况报告给他。

　　②He informed the company that the ship arrived safely.

　　＝He informed the company of the ship's safe arrival.

　　他报告公司轮船平安抵达。

　　③The Internet can keep_us_informed_of the latest news in time.因特网能及时让我们了解最新的消息。

　　guarantee vt.保证

　　(教材P6)Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.

　　读前了解主要资讯内容会确保阅读时更透彻地理解所读的英语资讯。

　　(1)guarantee sth.against/from...保障某物免受……

　　guarantee to do sth.保证做某事

　　guarantee sb.sth.向某人担保某事

　　guarantee＋that从句　保证……

　　(2)guarantee n．保证书；担保；抵押品

　　under guarantee在保修期内

　　He guaranteed that he would not come late again.

　　他保证再也不迟到。

　　②The TV set is still under_guarantee. You can get it repaired free of charge.

　　这台电视机仍在保修期内，你可以免费修理它。

　　③A good education doesn't guarantee a good job.

　　学历高并不能保证有一份好工作。

　　congratulate vt.祝贺

　　(教材P10)You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well.

　　你可能认为父亲因他儿子做事优秀而在向他表示祝贺。

　　(1)congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺

　　congratulate oneself on庆幸，对……感到幸运

　　(2)congratulation n．庆祝，祝贺

　　congratulations (to sb.on/upon sth.)(为某事向某人)祝贺

　　Chinese government congratulated Obama on his winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　中国政府祝贺奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖。

　　②As she was congratulating herself on her escape, the police came to arrest her.

　　当她正暗自庆幸自己成功逃脱时，警察就来逮捕她了。

　　③Congratulations to you！祝贺你！

　　[易混辨析]

　　congratulate/celebrate

　　congratulate 其宾语是人。常搭配成congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事。其名词congratulation 多用复数形式。

　　celebrate 庆祝，庆贺，其宾语为事。

　　④They had a party to celebrate their parents' silver wedding anniversary.

　　他们举办宴会庆祝他们父母的银婚。

　　⑤He congratulated himself on his narrow escape.

　　他为自己幸免于难祝贺。

　　resemble vt.像；与……相似

　　(教材P10)They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human.

　　他们也可能交叉双臂，走起路来像机器人一样笨拙，而不像人。

　　(1)resemble sb./sth. (in)．..(在某方面)与某人/某物相似

　　(2)resemblance n．类似，相似

　　bear a resemblance to＝be similar to 与……相似

　　She resembles_her_sister_in appearance but not in character.

　　她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。

　　What happens in the film bears little resemblance to what actually happens.

　　电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。

　　enlarge vt.扩大，增大

　　(教材P6)For example，enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every day－five times a week－then revise the words on the weekend.

　　例如：为扩大词汇量，每天学10个生词——一周五天——周末复习所学生词。

　　enlarge one's horizons开阔眼界，开阔视野

　　enlarge one's vocabulary扩大词汇量

　　前缀en­常置于某些词前，使之成为相应的动词，如下：

　　enlarge vt.使变大(＝make large)

　　enrich vt.使富有(＝make rich)

　　enable vt.使能够(＝make able)

　　Surfing the Internet can enlarge our horizons.

　　上网可以开阔我们的眼界。

　　②He's working on_the_enlargement_of the business.

　　他正在努力扩展业务。

　　negotiate vt.谈判；协商

　　(教材P10)You can negotiate the price by using your fingers...

　　你可以用你的手指来协商价格……

　　(1)negotiate with sb. about/over sth. 与某人商谈某事

　　negotiate sth. with sb. 与某人商谈某事

　　(2)negotiator谈判者；谈判代表

　　the negotiating table谈判桌(指正式的谈判会议)

　　negotiation n．谈判；磋商，洽谈

　　under negotiation在商谈中

　　We should negotiate with the boss about our pay.

　　我们该给老板协商一下报酬问题。

　　②The contract is still under_negotiation.

　　这项合同仍在商谈之中。

　　[单词多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　enlarge，guarantee，adjust，adequate，absence，surround，ensure，inform，congratulate，negotiate

　　1．We've decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.

　　2．I asked the photographer to enlarge the picture.

　　3．We congratulated them on what they had achieved.

　　4．Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.

　　5．I wasn't informed of the decision until too late.

　　6．It took Wayne almost a year to adjust to army life.

　　7．The best way to ensure your success is to make sure to come in on the ground floor.

　　8．We took adequate food for the short holiday.

　　9．This is a house surrounded with trees and flowers.

　　10．She excused her absence by saying that she was ill.

　　Ⅱ.absence万花筒

　　1．完成句子

　　①因证据不足，疑犯被释放。

　　The suspect was set free ________definite evidence.

　　②老板告诉工人们在他不在时吉姆将负责管理公司。

　　The boss told workers that Jim would take charge of the company________.

　　【答案】in the absence of　②in his absence/in the absence of him

　　2．用absence的适当形式填空

　　③The reason for her absence was that she was ill.

　　④She is never absent from work without good cause.

　　Ⅲ.surround活学活用

　　1．用surround的适当形式填空

　　①At first my new________were difficult to tolerate.

　　②The ________villages have been flooded in the storm.

　　③People are________their homes with wire fences.

　　【答案】surroundings　②surrounding

　　③surrounding

　　2．完成句子

　　④她坐在地板上，周围都是书。

　　She was sitting on the floor surrounded_by_books.

　　⑤湖边树木环绕。

　　The lake is_surrounded_by/with trees.

　　Ⅳ.adjust用法荟萃

　　1．选词填空(adjust，adjustment)

　　①The company made an ________ in my salary.

　　②You must ________ yourself to new conditions.

　　2．完成句子

　　③他无法适应这个大都市的忙碌现代生活。

　　He can't ______ the whirl of modern life in this big city.

　　④她发现很难适应夜间工作。

　　She found it hard to ________ working at night.

　　⑤有必要调整价格。

　　It is necessary to ________ in price.

　　【答案】adjustment　②adjust　③adjust himself to

　　④adjust to　⑤make an adjustment

　　Ⅴ.guarantee活运用

　　完成句子

　　①拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。

　　The possession of a degree does not ________.

　　②我将保证证实我的每一项声明。

　　I will ________ every statement I made.

　　③我保证此类事情不会再发生。

　　I ________ this will not happen again.

　　④这辆汽车用了还不满一年，因此仍在保修期内。

　　The car is less than a year old, so it is still ________.

　　【答案】guarantee you a job　②guarantee to prove　③guarantee that　④under guarantee

　　3 精典短语研析

　　catch on学会；理解；变得流行

　　(教材P131)The more you hear different accents, the easier it is to catch on.

　　你听的不同的口音越多，你就越容易理解它(的意思)。

　　catch one's attention引起某人的注意；吸引某人

　　catch up with赶上

　　catch hold of抓住

　　catch sight of看见

　　catch sb.doing sth.发现(撞见)某人做某事

　　①My sister caught hold of my sleeve and pulled me back.姐姐抓住我的袖子，把我拉了回来。

　　②I caught_my_deskmate_reading my private letters.

　　我的同桌在阅读我的私人信件时被我撞见了。

　　stand out 引人注目，显眼；突出，杰出

　　(教材P6)In today's world, being able to speak more than one language, including English, is how you stand out and get ahead.

　　在当今世界，你能讲包括英语在内的一门以上的语言，就标志着你与众不同，比其他人进步。

　　stand out against在……衬托下很显眼；(公开)反对，对抗

　　stand out as...作为……而出色

　　stand for代表；象征

　　stand by袖手旁观；待命；支援

　　stand by sth.仍然遵守诺言(或协议等)

　　stand up起立；经久耐用；支持；对抗

　　①The new road sign is easy to read; the words stand out well.新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。

　　②She still stands by every word she said.

　　她依旧恪守她说过的每一句话。

　　③Always stand_up_for your friends.

　　任何时候都要支持自己的朋友。

　　keep to遵守，遵循，按……行事；坚持(做某事)

　　(教材P9)．..we have to keep to the timetable, sir.

　　……先生，我们必须遵守时间表。

　　①He always keeps to his promise.

　　他总是遵守诺言。

　　②Once having made a plan, you should keep to it.

　　一旦制订了计划，你就要按计划行事。

　　③Keep_to_it! You must not stop till the job is finished.

　　坚持！在工作完成前，你一定不能停下。

　　on purpose故意的，有意地

　　(教材P10)People often use body language on purpose.

　　人们经常故意用肢体语言。

　　for the purpose of...为了……的目的

　　with the purpose of...带着……的目的

　　serve one's/the purpose适合要求；令人满意

　　by accident无意地；偶然地

　　①Jack's been really annoying me and I think he is doing it on purpose.

　　杰克一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样做的。

　　②She went to Germany for_the_purpose_of research.

　　她为了研究去了德国。

　　be involved in牵涉在内的，卷入……的

　　(教材P17)But I was so involved in the story that I didn't want to stop to check its meaning.

　　但是我是如此地投入到故事中去，以至于我不想停下来查看它的意义。

　　be/get/become involved in...牵涉在内的；参与……；热衷于……，专心于……

　　be involved with sb./sth.与某人/某事有牵连/有关

　　involve doing...需要做……

　　involve sb. in sth.把某人牵涉到……中，把某人卷入……中

　　involve oneself in...参与到……中

　　①He was involved with the robbery.

　　他与抢劫案有关。

　　②The reporter is_curious_to know whether the official is involved in the case.

　　这个记者很想知道那位官员是否与此案有牵连。

　　[短语多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　on purpose，catch on，stand out，keep to，be involved in

　　1．We must keep_to the style of plain living.

　　2．His was the best drawing and it stood_out among the others.

　　3．Skateboarding catches_on among the kids real fast.

　　4．He often hurts my feelings on_purpose.

　　5．That she was_involved_in the matter was certain .

　　Ⅱ.写出下列句中catch on的含义

　　1．He invented an electric car, but it never really catches on.________

　　2．Sometimes I really can't catch on to your jokes.________

　　3．He is very quick to catch on to things.________

　　4．I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.________

　　5．If only this idea could catch on, we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.________

　　【答案】　1.流行起来　2.理解　3.学会　4.受欢迎　5.被接受

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　用stand短语完成句子

　　①你怎么可以看着国家将亡而无动于衷呢？

　　How can you ________ and watch the country go to ruin?

　　②他身体如此虚弱以至于几乎站不起来。

　　He is so weak that he can barely ________.

　　③这个代词代表什么？

　　What does the pronoun ________？

　　④在这枯躁无味的学校音乐会上，珍妮的演出是非常引人注目的。

　　In an uninteresting school concert, Jane's performance ________ a mile.

　　【答案】stand by　②stand up　③stand for

　　④stood out

　　2．用involve相关短语完成句子

　　①这一家族中有好几个人参与作案。

　　Several members of the family ________ the crime.

　　②我不想让我的儿子同罪犯来往。

　　I don't want my son to ________ criminals.

　　③你把自己牵涉入此事是不明智的。

　　It is unwise to ________ this matter.

　　【答案】got involved in　②be involved with　③involve yourself in

　　3．用purpose相关短语完成句子

　　①许多人为了减肥而跑步。

　　Many people run ________ losing weight.

　　②他们到这儿来就是为了找麻烦的。

　　They came here ________ making trouble.

　　③我敢肯定他是故意把我的书打掉的。

　　I'm sure that he knocked my book away ________.

　　【答案】for the purpose of　②with the purpose of

　　③on purpose

　　4 典型句式剖析

　　(教材P6)This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.

　　它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。

　　[句式分析]　of the highest quality属“of＋抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语。

　　(1)“of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value, use, importance, help, interest，benefit, honour, courage, fame, ability, nature, beauty, wealth等。

　　它们可用no, some, any, little, much, great等词修饰。

　　(2)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，为了表明主语的这类特征，我们只能用“be of＋抽象名词”的形式代替“be＋形容词”结构。

　　这类名词包括size, weight, height, length, width, age, opinion, colour, kind, price, type, shape, way等。这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。

　　①This question is of importance.

　　＝This question is important.

　　这个问题很重要。

　　②Each hour, each minute, each second is_of_great_value for us.

　　＝Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.

　　每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。

　　③The products are of first­rate quality.

　　这些产品的质量是一流的。

　　(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.

　　良好的输入能确保良好的输出，无论是说还是写。

　　[句式分析]　whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论是否”。另外，它还可以引导名词性从句。

　　引导让步状语从句的还有：

　　though, although虽然，纵然

　　as if/though

　　虽然……但是，纵使……

　　even if，even though

　　即使……，纵使……

　　no matter＋疑问词/疑问词ever...不管……都……

　　①Whether or not we're successful, we can be sure that we did our best.

　　不管成功与否，我们确实已尽了最大努力。

　　②Wherever_I_went,_my dog followed me.

　　无论我走到哪里，我的狗总是跟着我。

　　(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.

　　第三，你们说我如果提前付费的话就可以优惠。

　　[句式分析]　此句中的provided that为连词，引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that/so long as，provided可以换成providing。

　　在英语中类似的表示如果、假如的连词还有：

　　suppose that

　　supposing that

　　given that

　　assuming that

　　①Provided_that it's fine tomorrow, I'll go fishing with you.

　　如果明天天气好，我就和你去钓鱼。

　　②We'll buy everything you produce, provided of course the price is right.

　　当然了，倘若价格合适，我们将采购你们的全部产品。

　　[句式多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．我不想听你说的事情，我对此不感兴趣。

　　I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of_no_interest to me.

　　2．我们是否参加会议还未决定。

　　Whether_we'll_attend_the_meeting_or_not hasn't been decided.

　　3．如果明天天气好，我就和你去购物。

　　Provided_that_it's_fine_tomorrow,_I'll go shopping with you.

　　Ⅱ.句型转换

　　1．Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health.

　　＝Doing morning exercises will be_beneficial_to your health.

　　2．Coal is very important to the development of industry.

　　＝Coal is_of_great_importance to the development of industry.

　　3．Don't throw anything that may be of use.

　　＝Don't throw anything that may_be_useful.

　　通关微语法

　　名词性从句和非人称转述结构

　　复习名词性从句重点把握名词性从句的作用，以及引导名词性从句的引导词的用法区别，尤其注意that和what引导名词性从句的区别；复习非人称转述结构重点把握表达的意义，以及和一般宾语从句的转换。

　　Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空

　　1．We didn't have money.That was________we wanted to wait until our mother came back.

　　2．The fact is________I have lost his address.

　　3．Energy is________makes things work.

　　4．Go to the office and get your coat.It's________you left it.

　　5．Whether the sports meet will be held next week depends on________the weather will be fine.

　　6．I wonder________you are getting on with your studies.

　　7．The question is________can complete the difficult task.

　　8．It seemed________he was going to cry.

　　9．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was________he was late.

　　10．I have no idea________he will bring me tomorrow.

　　【答案】　1.why　2.that　3.what　4.where　5.whether

　　6．how　7.who　8.that/as if/as though　9.why　10.what

　　Ⅱ.将下列句子改写为非人称转述结构

　　1．He is known to be the kindest teacher in our school.

　　________________________________________________

　　2．The weather is predicted to be fine tomorrow.

　　________________________________________________

　　3．They are said to have a journey to the Galapagos Islands.

　　________________________________________________

　　4．The economics is supposed to get better this summer.

　　________________________________________________

　　5．The giant tortoise is expected to have lived for 1,000 years.

　　________________________________________________

　　【答案】　1.It is known that he is the kindest teacher in our school.

　　2．It is predicted that the weather will be fine tomorrow.

　　3．It is said that they will have a journey to the Galapagos Islands.

　　4．It is supposed that the economics is going to get better this summer.

　　5．It is expected that the giant tortoise has lived for 1,000 years.

　　谋篇微写作

　　话题19——语言学习

　　【写作素材】

　　1．为了实现目标，杰克尽快适应了新环境，使自己了解最新的信息。(attain; adjust; surround; inform)

　　2．他参加了英语夜校，但不久发现在没有英语为母语的环境下学英语很难。(in the absence of)

　　3．为了确保他能达到要求，他尽量多与外教交流。(ensure)

　　4．杰克工作很努力，使得工作进展顺利，使他更加突出。(stand out)

　　5．最终，他的努力得到了回报，他的朋友们向他表示祝贺。(pay off; congratulate)

　　【连句成篇】(将以上句子连成一篇英语短文)

　　________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________

　　【参考范文】　

　　To attain his goal, Jack adjusted himself quickly to the new surroundings, keeping himself informed of the latest news. He attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well in the absence of the native language environment. To ensure that he could meet with the approval, he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible. John worked hard and his work went along well, which made him stand out. At last, his hard work paid off and all his friends congratulated him on his progress.

　　课时提升练(十九)

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．You can't see through the telescope until it is________(adjustment) to your eyes.

　　2．Standing in the watchtower, we admired the________(surround) scenes.

　　3．He walked about the whole country in the next d________.

　　4．The twists and turns on the mountain road ________(与……相似)the shape of a huge snake.

　　5．I cannot g________ to deliver your goods within a week.

　　6．We were ________(激动的，兴奋的)to hear his exciting story.

　　7．After a long ________(absent)，she came back to work again.

　　8．I made some ________(购买物)in the supermarket yesterday.

　　9．Don't laugh at others，which ________(使窘迫)others.

　　10．She broke the dish on ________(目的，意图)just to show her anger.

　　【答案】　1.adjusted　2.surrounding　3.decade　4.resemble　5.guarantee　6.thrilled　7.absence　8.purchases　9.embarrasses　10.purpose

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．据说孙俪和邓超正在准备他们的婚礼周年庆。

　　________________ Sun Li and Deng Chao are preparing for their wedding anniversary.

　　2．无论你喜欢与否，将来某一天你不得不去面对它。

　　________________， you'll have to face it one day.

　　3．只要你开车小心，你就可以用我的车。

　　________________， you can use my car.

　　4．吸烟者有权吸烟，但是另一个方面，他们没有权利威胁别人的健康。

　　Smokers have the right to smoke, but________________，they do not have the right to endanger the health of others.

　　5．你在美国期间请随时告知我你电话的变化。

　　Please________________the change of your telephone while you are in America.

　　【答案】　1.It is said that　2.Whether you like it

　　or not

　　3．Provided that you drive carefully　4.on the other hand

　　5．keep me informed of

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　A king in Africa had a close friend whom he grew up with. The friend had a(n) __1__ of looking at every situation that had ever occurred in his life，no matter whether it was good or not，and __2__，“This is good！”

　　One day，they were out on a hunting expedition. The friend would load and __3__ guns for the king. The friend had apparently done something __4__ in preparing one of the guns，for after taking the gun from his friend，the king fired it and his __5__ was blown off.

　　Examining the __6__， the friend remarked as usual，“This is good！”The king was so angry that he sent him to __7__.

　　One year later，the king was hunting in an area that he had known to stay away from. Cannibals(食人部落) __8__ him. They piled up some wood, __9__ a stake (木桩) and bound him to the stake. When they came near to set fire to the wood，they __10__ the king was missing a thumb. Being superstitious(迷信)，they never ate anyone that was less than whole. So they set him __11__.

　　Returning home，he was __12__ of the event that had taken his thumb and felt sorry for his __13__ of his friend. He went __14__ to the prison. “You were right，”he said. “It was good that my thumb was blown off.” And he __15__ to tell the friend all __16__ just happened. “And I'm __17__ for putting you into prison for so long. It was __18__ for me to do this.”

　　“No，”his friend replied. “This is good！”

　　“What do you mean __19__ this？”

　　“__20__ I had not been here，I would have been with you then.”

　　[语篇解读]　文章叙述了一个国王和朋友之间发生的故事。

　　1．A.customB．habit

　　C．manner

　　D．experience

　　【解析】　根据后半句可推知他有这样一个习惯。custom指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节和风俗。habit通常指一个人长时间养成的自然“习惯”。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．A.remarking

　　B．complaining

　　C．explaining

　　D．announcing

　　【解析】　根据后文两次事情可知国王的朋友不管遇到任何事情都说“很好”以及第三段中可知答案。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．A.organize

　　B．repair

　　C．prepare

　　D．shoot

　　【解析】　根据The friend would load和下文的in preparing one of the guns可知，朋友为国王装弹药。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．A.special

　　B．strange

　　C．careful

　　D．wrong

　　【解析】　根据第二段最后的情节，显然是朋友在装弹药时出现了失误。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．A.hand

　　B．eye

　　C．thumb

　　D．arm

　　【解析】　根据第四段中the king was missing a thumb可知，这里是国王的一个大拇指被打飞了。

　　【答案】　C

　　6．A.position

　　B．direction

　　C．situation

　　D．condition

　　【解析】　结合上下文看，这里是国王的朋友看看什么情形(situation)。

　　【答案】　C

　　7．A.shelter

　　B．palace

　　C．hospital

　　D．prison

　　【解析】　根据第五段的内容尤其是to the prison可知，国王把自己的朋友送进了监狱。

　　【答案】　D

　　8．A.ran

　　B．seized

　　C．respected

　　D．followed

　　【解析】　联系本段的内容可知，食人部落捉住了国王。

　　【答案】　B

　　9．A.picked up

　　B．made up

　　C．took up

　　D．set up

　　【解析】　根据bound him to the stake可知，这里是竖起木桩。

　　【答案】　D

　　10．A.watched

　　B．observed

　　C．noticed

　　D．understood

　　【解析】　当他们靠近木桩要点火时，他们发现国王少根手指。

　　【答案】　C

　　11．A.free

　　B．useless

　　C．fresh

　　D．safe

　　【解析】　根据后文国王回到了自己的家可知，食人部落把国王放了。set free释放。

　　【答案】　A

　　12．A.remembered

　　B．reminded

　　C．made

　　D．thought

　　【解析】　回到家后，这让国王想起了失去手指的(那件)事。

　　【答案】　B

　　13．A.carelessness

　　B．treatment

　　C．punishment

　　D．way

　　【解析】　国王对自己对待朋友的方式感到很惭愧。treatment“待遇，对待”。

　　【答案】　B

　　14．A.immediately

　　B．casually

　　C．fortunately

　　D．hopefully

　　【解析】　国王感到愧疚就立刻去了监狱。

　　【答案】　A

　　15．A.wanted

　　B．decided

　　C．regretted

　　D．continued

　　【解析】　根据上下文可知，国王首先道歉接着说了事情的经过。

　　【答案】　D

　　16．A.what

　　B．which

　　C．why

　　D．that

　　【解析】　that引导定语从句，all作先行词，引导词必须用that。

　　【答案】　D

　　17．A.surprised

　　B．sorry

　　C．satisfied

　　D．glad

　　【解析】　根据前文“felt sorry for...”可知，国王在此表示歉意。

　　【答案】　B

　　18．A.foolish

　　B．clever

　　C．bad

　　D．kind

　　【解析】　国王认为自己这样做很差劲，他是在为自己的行为而自责。

　　【答案】　C

　　19．A.in

　　B．by

　　C．for

　　D．on

　　【解析】　你这样说是什么意思？by“依，按照”。

　　【答案】　B

　　20．A.Because

　　B．If

　　C．Since

　　D．Before

　　【解析】　这是一个虚拟条件句，意思是如果我不在这里，那天我就会和你一块儿在那儿了。言外之意是如果我也去的话，被吃的可能就是我了。

　　【答案】　B

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

　　A woman from Japan，who had visited major business and investment companies in New York City，was telling a friend about her trip to the U S．“I studied English before I left home. But I still was not sure that people were speaking English.”

　　Her problem is easy to understand. Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere. They have a language of their own. Some of the words and expressions deal with the special areas of their work. Other expressions are borrowed from different kinds of work such as the theater and movie industry.

　　One such saying is “get your act together”．

　　When things go wrong in a business，an employer may get angry. He may shout，“Stop making mistakes. Get your act together.”

　　Or，if the employer is calmer，he may say，“Let us get our act together.”

　　Either way，the meaning is the same. Getting your act together is getting organized. In business，it usually means to develop a calm and orderly plan of an action.

　　It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began. Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes. The director may have said，“Calm down，now. Get your act together.”

　　Word expert James Rogers says the expression was common by the late 1970s.He says The Manchester Guardian used it in 1978.The newspaper said a reform policy required that the British government get its act together.

　　Now，this expression is heard often when officials of a company meet. One company even calls its yearly report，“Getting Our Act Together”．

　　[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了“get your act together”这个短语的应用以及起源。

　　1．Paragraph 1 is written mainly to ________.

　　A．tell us the Japanese woman's English is poor

　　B．lead to the subject of the whole passage

　　C．tell us it is important to grasp spoken English

　　D．tell us traveling in the US is very difficult

　　【解析】　篇章结构题。第一段由一位日本女士在国内学习了英语之后，在纽约依旧会遭遇语言交流障碍的经历，引出文章的话题。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．The reason why the woman was not sure that people were speaking English was that ________.

　　A．they spoke too fast to follow

　　B．they didn't want the woman to learn their experience

　　C．they had some special words and expressions of their own in their field

　　D．they were from the theater and movie industry

　　【解析】　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这位日本女士依然会有语言交流障碍的原因是各个行业都有自己专门的词汇或表达。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．The saying “get your act together” in Paragraph 3 means “________”．

　　A．Don't do that again

　　B．You are dismissed

　　C．Calm down

　　D．Get organized

　　【解析】　细节理解题。根据下文尤其是第六段的前两句可知，该短语的意思是“有条理地筹划”。

　　【答案】　D

　　4．The best title for the passage is ________.

　　A．Different countries，different languages

　　B．The experience in the US

　　C．The expression and its story：get your act together

　　D．How to learn English well

　　【解析】　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述“get your act together”这一短语的应用和起源。

　　【答案】　C

　　Ⅴ.语法填空

　　Once there lived a rich man 1.________ wanted to do something for the people of his town. But

　　first he wanted to find 2.________ whether they deserved his help.

　　In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 3.________very large stone. Then he 4.________ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.

　　“Who put this stone in the centre of the road？” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. Another

　　man came along and did 5.________ same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained 6.________ the stone but not tried to remove 7.________. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, saying to himself: “The night 8.________ (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”

　　Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 9.________(strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 10.________ the stone, he found a bag of money.

　　【答案】　1.who　2.out　3.a　4.hid　5.the　6.about /of

　　7．it　8.will be　9.strength　10.Under

　　☆佳作诵读

　　With the development of science and technology, more and more intelligent robots are being used in industrial fields, ①taking the place of humans to do many dangerous tasks. Besides, 1.with the price of robots going down, they have begun to enter families, helping people do some housework and even ②care for patients or read books for babies.

　　All of these suggest that robots are ③playing a big part in our life. By using robots, people can save time to do what they like. Meanwhile, they reduce the rate of death and injury in dangerous work.

　　But can people be ④out of work because of the existence of robots? Certainly not! 2.However clever robots are, they are made by humans and whatever they do, they just follow the instructions given to them by humans. Therefore, robots will never completely replace humans.

　　Let's enjoy the convenience brought by robots.

　　☞好词积累

　　1．take the place of 代替

　　2．care for照顾

　　3．play a part in在……起作用

　　4．out of work失业

　　好句延展

　　1．因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

　　I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.

　　2．无论有多难，我都不会放弃直到成功。

　　However hard this work is, I will not give up until succeed.

　　1 单词拓展识记

　　一、单词与派生

　　1．

　　vt.拯救；救援→

　　n．救援者

　　2．

　　v．通信；符合→

　　n．通信；通信联系→

　　n．通信员

　　3．

　　vt.帮助；协助→

　　n．帮助；协助→

　　n．助手；助理

　　4．

　　adj.技术上的→

　　n．技术

　　5．

　　n．后者→

　　n．前者

　　6．

　　n．饥饿→

　　v．挨饿

　　7．

　　n．平等→

　　adj.平等的　v．等于

　　8．

　　vt.评价；评估→

　　n．评价；评估

　　9．

　　vt.捐赠；赠送→

　　n．捐赠；赠送→

　　n．捐赠者

　　10．

　　adj.电子的→

　　adj.电的；用电的→

　　adj.电的；电气科学的

　　11．

　　n．专家→

　　adj.专门的；特殊的

　　12．

　　n．毒药；毒物→

　　adj.有毒的

　　13．

　　vt.允许；准许；许可→

　　n．许可证→

　　n．允许；准许

　　14．

　　vt.宣告；宣布→

　　n．宣布

　　15．

　　n．检测，探险→

　　vt.探测，探险

　　【答案】　1.rescue；rescuer　2.correspond；correspondence；correspondent　3.assist；assistance；assistant　4.technical；technique　5.latter；former　6.starvation；starve　7.equality；equal　8.assess；assessment　9.donate；donation；donator　10.electronic；electric；electrical　11.specialist；special　12.poison；poisonous　13.permit；permit；permission14．declare；declaration　15.exploration；explore

　　二、典词语境填空

　　1．The outcome (结果) of the election was in doubt then.

　　2．He asked us to assist (协助) him in carrying through his plan.

　　3．In the meanwhile (期间) I'll visit an old friend of mine.

　　4．Does the name on the envelope correspond (与……一致) with the name on the letter inside?

　　5．What's the procedure (程序) for opening a bank account?

　　6．She was in a dilemma (困境) as to whether to stay at school or get a job.

　　7．The professor paid a return visit to his American colleague(同事)．

　　8．The success of our enterprise (企业) depended on everyone keeping to the plan.

　　9．He made a speech hitting out at racial discrimination(歧视)．

　　10．How do I update (更新) my businesss contact information?

　　2 短语多维运用

　　一、互译练习

　　1．发生冲突

　　2．预先

　　3．弥补

　　4．更不用说

　　5．捐……给……

　　6．下降；减少

　　7．以……结束

　　8．治好某人的病

　　9．shortly after

　　10．give away

　　11．take over

　　12．figure out

　　13．wrestle with something

　　14．be dedicated to

　　15．due to

　　16．rather than

　　【答案】　1.come into conflict　2.in advance　3.make up for　4.not to mention　5.donate...to...　6.drop off　7.end with　8.cure sb.of　9.不久后　10.泄露(秘密)　11.接收，接管　12.计算出；解决出　13.努力解决难以处理的事情　14.致力于；献身于　15.因为　16.而不是

　　二、用上述短语的适当形式填空

　　1．We can't afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage.

　　2．I'll drop off at the corner of Zhongshan Street.

　　3．It didn't take the children long to figure out the correct answer.

　　4．Yao Ming is nice that he gave away some money to the Charities.

　　5．Shortly after coming back from the hospital, Tom gave up smoking.

　　6．The bank has been taken over by the government.

　　7．The two sides came into conflict last week, causing 5 people dead and many injured.

　　8．He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before.

　　3 句式高仿演练

　　1．(教材P20)By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.

　　到2015年，服装行业将生产出新型的材料，不管你将什么东西洒在这些材料上，都不会留下污点。

　　[句式仿写]　八国集团领导人已同意努力实现在2050年前使全球碳排放量减半的目标。

　　The leaders of the Group of Eight Nations have agreed to work toward a target of halving global greenhouse­gas emissions by 2050.

　　2．(教材P25)Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.

　　没有这些先驱者在科学和技术领域的突破，无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的，我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。

　　[句式仿写]　你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？

　　Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?

　　4 课文语法填空

　　Nowadays, masses of people wonder 1.about the future. Some imagine 2.what the world will be like in the future. Some authors even predict things that have since happened. 3.However，for some people，4.thinking(think) about the future is not just for fun. They plan the future of the world for a living，who are called futurologists. A seminar will 5.be held(hold) at Newcastle this weekend. Lots of people will attend it 6.with the hope of starting new enterprises 7.based (base) on the predictions they will hear at the meeting. I clicked into the websites of a few futurologists and learnt some 8.predictions(predict). Here are some：

　　By the year 2025，no one will die of starvation because there will be food for everyone.

　　By the year 2030，people can live for at least 150 years. Tiny robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us 9.healthy(health)．

　　In the next few years，computers will become 10.handier(handy).

　　1 高考真题演练

　　Ⅰ.完形填空——完成句子

　　　(2017·江苏高考)They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began sticking around to chat.

　　他们放下毯子、蜡烛和工具，开始在此逗留与我聊天。

　　(教材P26)After this, interest faded and the number of manned flights dropped off.

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解——完成句子

　　1．(2017·四川高考)I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.

　　在妈妈救我之前我去了一趟监狱。

　　(教材P134)Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.

　　2．(2017·湖南高考)Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything.

　　技术是有帮助，但它并不能解决所有问题。

　　(教材P133)The new international crew are planning to take over...and assist with repairs on Alpha...

　　2 核心单词突破

　　assist vt.&vi. 帮助，协助；参与，出席

　　(教材P133)The new international crew are planning to take over...and assist with repairs on Alpha...

　　新的国际机组人员将接管……并在Alpha国际太空站上协助维修……

　　assist sb. with sth.在某方面给予某人帮助

　　assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事

　　assist sb. in (doing) sth.帮助某人做某事

　　assistance n．帮助，协助

　　come to sb.'s assistance援助某人

　　①The police will assist you in finding her address.

　　警察将帮助你找到她的地址。

　　②He will assist you with your project.

　　他将帮助你完成你的项目。

　　③A good dictionary can assist you to improve your English.一本好词典会帮助你提高英语。

　　dilemma n．困境，进退两难的窘境

　　(教材P24)If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands.

　　如果要选择二十世纪最重要的发现，你将面临一个真正进退两难的困境。

　　face a dilemma＝be faced with a dilemma面临左右为难的困境

　　be in a dilemma处于左右为难的境地

　　put/place sb. into a dilemma使某人处于左右为难的境地

　　on the horns of a dilemma进退两难

　　①Faced with a dilemma, he was determined to hold on.

　　面对进退两难的困境，他决定顽强地坚持下去。

　　②I'm in a dilemma about this job offer.

　　对于是否接受这份工作我感到左右为难。

　　③The bad weather put us into a dilemma.

　　糟糕的天气使我们进退两难。

　　correspond v．相一致；相联系；通信

　　(教材P24)．..the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.

　　……我们通信的方式从写信变成发电子邮件。

　　(1)correspond with sb.和某人通信

　　correspond to/with sth.与某物相一致，相当于

　　(2)hold/keep up correspondence with sb.与某人(保持)通信/联系

　　in correspondence with与……一致；与……有通信联系

　　①Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university?

　　大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？

　　②Your account of events does not correspond with/to hers.你对事情的陈述与她说的不符。

　　conflict n．战斗；冲突；争论；抵触 vi.冲突；争执；抵触

　　(教材P20)There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.所以将不会再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中生活在一起。

　　(1)A和B相冲突

　　(2)come into conflict with 与……冲突/争执

　　be in conflict with与……冲突/争执

　　①All these actions by the USA conflicted with the universally accepted international laws.

　　美国的这些行为都与公认的国际法相抵触。

　　②She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.

　　她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。

　　③Her husband often comes into conflict with her, which makes her angry.

　　她丈夫经常和她发生矛盾，这令她很气愤。

　　rescue vt.& n．拯救；救援

　　(教材P134)Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.

　　戴维也到轮船外面去营救法兰克，而HAL拒绝让他回去。

　　rescue sb./sth.from...从……拯救某人/某物

　　rescue workers救援人员

　　come to one's rescue来救援某人

　　go to one's rescue去救援某人

　　①His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.

　　他的父亲借钱给他从而救了他。

　　②What we must do is to rescue them from danger at once.我们必须做的是立刻营救他们脱险。

　　cure vt.治愈，治疗；解决 n．治愈，痊愈；措施

　　(教材P25)During the Second World War, when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.

　　第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现即青霉素第一次被用于人的治疗时，美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。

　　cure sb.of...治愈某人的……病；改掉某人的……恶习

　　a cure for对……的治疗方法；解决……的措施

　　①Jack's mother wanted to cure him of his bad habit of smoking.杰克的母亲想改掉他吸烟的坏习惯。

　　②My uncle was cured of his heart disease three years ago.我叔叔的心脏病三年前治好了。

　　[易混辨析]

　　cure/treat

　　cure 意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果

　　treat 只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病，人作宾语时，病名前加for。它强调“治疗”这一动作

　　　③The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him.

　　permit vt.允许，准许 n．许可证

　　(教材P27)You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.

　　如果你持有学生签证，是不会被允许工作的。

　　(1)permit doing sth.允许做某事

　　permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事

　　permit n．许可证，特许证

　　driving permit驾驶执照

　　(2)同义词：allow vt.允许；反义词：forbid vt.禁止

　　permission n．许可，允许

　　without permission未经许可

　　I'll come after the meeting if time permits.

　　如果时间许可的话，我开完会就来。

　　②Nobody can come in without permission.

　　未经许可任何人不许入内。

　　③We do not permit smoking in the cinema.

　　电影院内不准吸烟。

　　declare vt.宣告，宣布，声明

　　(教材P135)NASA declared that there had been.

　　(美国)国家航空和航天局宣称在火星上有生命……

　　declare that...宣布……

　　declare...to be...宣布……为……

　　declare war on...对……宣战

　　declare for/against sth.表态支持/反对某事

　　①He declared that he was innocent.

　　他声称自己是无罪的。

　　②The judge declared him to be the winner.

　　裁判宣布他获胜。

　　discrimination n．差别对待；歧视

　　(教材P20)No one will have to live on welfare as everyone will have jobs and discrimination will be a part of the past.

　　没有人会再依靠社会保障金生活，每一个人都会有工作，歧视将成为历史。

　　racial/sex discrimination种族/性别歧视

　　have a discrimination against...歧视……

　　without discrimination没有歧视，不歧视

　　discriminate v．歧视

　　discriminate against sb.歧视某人

　　Discrimination against blacks is still common.

　　歧视黑人仍是普遍现象。

　　donate vt.捐赠；赠送

　　(教材P24)Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.

　　人们在显微镜下看到了致病的原因，掌握了用捐献的器官来替换染病器官的外科手术程序，诸如此类都是医学取得的进步。

　　(1)donate sth. to…向……捐赠某物

　　donate sth. to do sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物

　　(2)donation n．捐赠

　　make a donation to charity 向慈善事业捐赠

　　Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。

　　②They gave a concert and donated the proceeds to charity.他们举办了一次音乐会，把收入捐给了慈善机构。

　　meanwhile adv.&n.同时

　　(教材P24)We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.

　　我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。

　　meanwhile＝meantime＝at the same time同时

　　in the meanwhile/meantime在此期间

　　①Mother went shopping; in the meanwhile/in the meantime, I cleaned the house.

　　妈妈出去购物的同时我打扫房间。

　　②Meanwhile they set aside part of their funds for the motorized boats.

　　与此同时，他们拨出一部分资金购买机动帆船。

　　[单词多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　dilemma，permit，conflict，cure，donate，rescue，discrimination，declare，correspond，assist

　　1．The rich man was praised as a humanitarian because he donated a lot of money.

　　2．He suffered all kinds of discrimination in those dark days.

　　3．The doctor cured him of his stomach trouble.

　　4．The young hero rescued ten people from the fire single­handed.

　　5．The two political parties have been in conflict since the election.

　　6．Britain declared war on Germany in 1914.

　　7．My work does not permit my calling on you.

　　8．The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said.

　　9．I am in a dilemma whether to do maths or English.

　　10．He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.

　　Ⅱ.assist万花筒

　　1．完成句子

　　①这些男孩每个星期天都帮助那些残疾人做家务。

　　The boys

　　the disabled men

　　their housework every Sunday.

　　②我认为他会帮助你完成这项任务的。

　　I think he will

　　you

　　the task.

　　【答案】assist；with　②assist；to complete

　　2．用assist的适当形式填空

　　③I will do everything in my power to assist you.

　　④Despite his cries no one came to his assistance.

　　Ⅲ.correspond活运用

　　完成句子

　　①这些货物与我的订货单不符。

　　These goods don't

　　my order.

　　②美国国会相当于英国议会。

　　The American Congress

　　the British Parliament.

　　【答案】correspond with/to　②corresponds to

　　Ⅳ.permit变形记

　　完成句子

　　①恐怕我不会允许我的女儿嫁给你。

　　I am afraid I can not

　　.

　　②如果天气好，我们将在树林里野餐。

　　We'll have a picnic in the woods，

　　.

　　【答案】permit my daughter to marry you　②weather permitting

　　Ⅴ.conflict活运用

　　完成句子

　　(1)他们的政治观点与我们的不一致。

　　Their political views

　　ours.

　　(2)这一陈述与其他证词不一致。

　　It is a statement

　　other evidence.

　　(3)她经常与婆婆发生争执。

　　She had often

　　her mother­in­law.

　　【答案】　(1)conflicts with　(2)in conflict with

　　(3)come into conflict with

　　3 精典短语研析

　　in advance预先

　　(教材P22)．..we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.

　　……我们提前把问题送到她的编程人员那里。

　　(1)in advance of在……之前，超过

　　on the advance(物价)在上涨

　　(2)advance on/towards/upon...朝……前进

　　advanced adj.先进的；高等的；晚期的

　　advancing adj.发展前进中的

　　Advanced countries should help advancing countries in education，medical care and agriculture.发达国家应该在教育、医疗和农业方面帮助发展中国家。

　　②When students were told my rule in advance of the class，some of them were not happy.

　　当学生们在上课之前被告知我的规定时，他们其中一些人不高兴。

　　give away捐赠；颁发(奖品等)；泄露(情报、秘密等)；丧失，错过

　　(教材P23)It is reported that the millionaire has decided to give away all his money to charities.

　　有报道说这位百万富翁已经决定将他所有的钱都捐给慈善事业。

　　give in to sb.对某人让步

　　give off放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音)

　　give out分发；用完，消耗尽，筋疲力尽

　　give up放弃；戒掉，停止；认输；把……送交

　　give over移交

　　①According to this speed of mining, the coal on the earth will give out in hundreds of years.

　　照这种开采速度，几百年后地球上的煤将消耗殆尽。

　　②Children who are always given in to by their parents soon become spoiled.

　　总是被父母迁就的孩子很快就被惯坏了。

　　③The keys were given over to our neighbours during our absence.外出时，我们把钥匙交给了邻居。

　　take over接收，接管，接任

　　(教材P23)His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.

　　他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。

　　take over from sb.从某人手中接管

　　take on开始雇用；呈现，具有

　　take away拿走

　　take back拿回，收回

　　take down记下，记录；拆掉

　　take in收容，吸收；欺骗

　　take off脱掉；起飞；(产品、观念等)突然大

　　受欢迎

　　take up拿起；占据；开始从事于……

　　①It was reported that Haier may take over New Zealand home appliance maker.

　　据报道海尔可能要接管新西兰家电制造业。

　　②It is true that the college will take in more new students this year.今年这所大学将招收更多的新生是真实的。

　　③I had to take on all her responsibilities because she was ill.由于她生病了，我不得不承担起她所有的责任。

　　drop off下降，减退；小睡，打盹

　　(教材P26)This marked the beginning of the“space race”between the US and the USSR，which ended with the US putting a man on the moon in 1969. After this，interest faded and the number of manned flights dropped off.

　　这标志着在美国和前苏联之间开始了“太空竞赛”，这场竞赛到美国于1969年把人送上月球为止。之后，(探索太空的)兴趣减弱，载人飞行器数量减少。

　　drop sb./sth.off让某人下车；中途顺便将某物送到某处

　　drop out退出；脱落

　　drop out of school辍学

　　drop in on sb./at a place偶然/顺便访问某人/某地

　　①He would drop off to sleep any time he sat in a chair.

　　他只要坐在椅子上，就会不知不觉地睡着。

　　②He had to drop out of the race because of injury.

　　他由于受伤不得不退出比赛。

　　on purpose故意地

　　for/with the purpose of 为了……的目的

　　on purpose for sth. 为了特定目的做某事

　　to the purpose中肯的

　　①You sometimes hurt yourself by accident but you don't hurt yourself on purpose.

　　你有时会不小心伤害自己，但你不会故意伤害自己。

　　②A meeting was calld for the purpose of appointing a new treasure.

　　为任命新司库而召开了一次会议。

　　[短语多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　give away，in advance，on purpose，drop off，take over

　　1．I had no doubt that she did this thing on purpose.

　　2．The business of the company was dropping off.

　　3．The Japanese have taken over many European ways of life.

　　4．The little boy gave away his hiding place when he coughed.

　　5．I like to map out the whole week in advance.

　　Ⅱ.写出下列句中give away的含义

　　1．Would they let Shay bet and give away their chance to win the game？

　　2．He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquake­stricken area.

　　3．Please don't give my secret away！

　　4．The university chancellor gave away our diplomas.

　　【答案】　1.错过，丧失　2.捐赠　3.泄露　4.颁发

　　Ⅲ.用take的短语填空

　　1．I can't

　　why you are angry.

　　2．Don't

　　more work than you can do.

　　3．They have

　　our company by buying up shares.

　　【答案】　1.take in　2.take on　3.taken over

　　Ⅳ.根据要求完成句子

　　1．用advance适当形式或恰当短语完成句子

　　(1)古埃及人曾经拥有高度文明。

　　The ancient Egyptians had

　　civilization.

　　(2)部队向进攻的敌人不停地射击。

　　The troops were firing away at the

　　enemy.

　　(3)我喜欢预先把一周的事做出安排。

　　I like to map out the whole week

　　.

　　(4)伽利略的思想超越了他生活的时代。

　　Galileo's ideas were

　　the age in which he lived.

　　【答案】　(1)advanced　(2)advancing　(3)in advance　(4)in advance of

　　2．drop短语荟萃

　　(1)我应该退出比赛，是不是？

　　I should

　　the competition, shouldn't I?

　　(2)他拣起信封时，一把钥匙掉了出来。

　　As he picked up the envelope, a key

　　.

　　(3)等你抽得出空时别忘了顺便来看看我。

　　Be sure to

　　me when you can spare a moment.

　　【答案】　(1)drop out of　(2)dropped out　(3)drop in on

　　4 典型句式剖析

　　(教材P20)By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.

　　到2015年，服装行业将生产出新型的材料，不管你将什么东西洒在这些材料上，都不会留下污点。

　　[句式分析]　by the year 2015是“by＋时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到……时候”，常与将来完成时和过去完成时连用。

　　①By four o'clock tomorrow afternoon, I will have already finished all the work.

　　到明天下午4点，我会干完所有的活儿。

　　②By the time he got here, Jane had left for London.

　　他到这儿的时候，简已经去伦敦了。

　　(教材P25)Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.

　　没有这些先驱者在科学和技术领域的突破，无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的，我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。

　　[句式分析]　without在本句中表示一个假设的条件，后面的主句中用“would＋have done”表示对过去的虚拟。

　　当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”构成。像这样表假设条件的介词还有but for，连词or, otherwise，它们引导的句子在英语中称为含蓄条件句。

　　①But for your kind help，I would not have succeeded in passing the driving test.

　　要不是你的好心帮助，我就不可能会通过驾驶考试了。

　　②We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.

　　如果我们周围没有植物和动物，人类就不能生存。

　　[句式多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．他推断到2020年能研究出治愈该病的方法。

　　He postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2020.

　　2．没有空气调节器，在这间屋里很难入睡。

　　It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room.

　　3．我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。

　　I

　　， but I don't know her address.

　　4．如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。

　　Born in better times, he

　　a scholar.

　　5．如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。

　　But for your help，we

　　in the experiment.

　　6．我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。

　　I didn't know that he was a cheat, or else I

　　him.

　　【答案】　3.would have written to her　4.would have been　5.couldn't have succeeded　6.wouldn't have believed

　　Ⅱ. 单句改错

　　1．Without electricity, there should not be modern industry.

　　2．By the time the ambulance arrived, a crowd of onlookers gathered.

　　【答案】　1.should→would　2.gathered前面加had

　　通关微语法

　　将来时和代词

　　复习将来时过程中重点把握将来时基本用法以及进行时表示将来时的用法。代词复习过程中重点把握不定代词用法、it的用法以及关系代词的用法。

　　Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

　　1．I

　　(do)my homework this time tomorrow.

　　2．The president

　　(meet) the foreign delegation at the airport tomorrow.

　　3．I

　　(finish) all the work by the time you are back this evening.

　　4．I am sure he

　　(leave) Paris by this time tomorrow.

　　5．I hope we

　　(get) all the information before you come tomorrow.

　　6．When he comes to my house tomorrow，I

　　(write) the report.

　　7．I

　　(have) a meeting at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.

　　8．Next Friday I will go to another concert.They

　　(play) something by Mozart at that time.

　　9．—Are you going to Richard's birthday party?

　　－Yes.By then I

　　(finish) my homework.

　　10．I hope that they

　　(repair)the road by the time we come back.

　　【答案】　1.will be doing　2.will be meeting　3.will have finished　4.will have left　5.will have got　6.will be writing　7.will be having　8.will be playing　9.will have finished　10.will have repaired

　　Ⅱ.用适当的代词填空

　　1．I got this bicycle for nothing.My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.

　　2．Surprisingly, Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made itself almost an overcoat for her.

　　3．Why don't you bring it to his attention that you're too ill to work on?

　　4．There is something in his words. We should have a try.

　　5．We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.

　　6．—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.

　　—What do you think of that over there?

　　7．We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on your own interests.

　　8．Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer any of them.

　　谋篇微写作

　　话题20——未来教育

　　【写作素材】

　　1. 没有人预先知道未来的学校会是什么样子，但是大部分的教育家认为未来的学校将会电子化。(in advance)

　　2．而且，他们利用电脑来查询他们所需要的信息。(moreover)

　　3．而老师通过查看语音信箱和一种特殊的电话系统来回复学生的电话。(meanwhile)

　　4. 当然，技术的发展已将教学的重点转为了学生的学而不是老师的教。(rather than)

　　【连句成篇】(将以上句子连成一篇英语短文)

　　【参考范文】　

　　What the school of the future will be like is unknown in advance，but most educators agree that the future school will go electronic.Moreover，they can use computers to find information they need. Meanwhile teachers check voicemail and return students' call on a special telephone system. Of course，the development of technology has changed the emphasis to the learning of kids rather than the teaching of teachers.课时提升练(二十)

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．You are not

　　(permission) to smoke here.

　　2．His expenses do not

　　(一致)to his income.

　　3．She was in a

　　(困境)as to whether to go or stay.

　　4．We must put an end to the pointless

　　(冲突)．

　　5．Do you need anybody to a

　　you in your work?

　　6．Racial

　　(歧视) still exists in the society.

　　7．His life's work centred in the search for a c

　　for the terrible disease.

　　8．Everyone was asked to d

　　a day's pay to the earthquake­hit areas.

　　9．The firemen r

　　three women from the burning house.

　　10．The doctor finally

　　(declare)that the man had died.

　　【答案】　1.permitted　2.correspond　3.dilemma　4.conflict　5.assist　6.discrimination　7.cure　8.donate　9.rescued　10.declared

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．他没穿鞋，看上去矮多了。

　　He seems much shorter without his shoes on.

　　2．他们昨天晚上就完成工作了。

　　They have finished their work by last night.

　　3．毫无疑问他参与了这桩抢劫案。

　　There is no doubt about his role in the robbery.

　　4．到达目的地时，我们又累又饿。

　　We reached our destination, tired and hungry.

　　5．没有好的设备，我们就不可能做得很好。

　　Without good equipment, we couldn't have done it well.

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·江淮十校联考)Older fathers have uglier children, researchers have claimed after linking age to genetic mutations(变异)．

　　The finding comes weeks after leading scientists reported children born to men over the age of 45 run a higher risk of having autism and mental disorders.

　　With age, sperm(精子)­producing cells do not copy a man's DNA as effectively, leading to genetic mutations.

　　Martin Fielder, an anthropologist(人类学家) at Vienna University, told the Sunday Times: Every 16 years the mutation rate doubles. Other researchers found 25 mutations per sperm in a 20­year­old, but at age 40 it is 65 mutations. By 56, it doubles again.

　　The effect is very visible—someone born to a father of 22 is already 5­10 per cent more attractive than those with a 40­year­old father and the difference grows with the age gap.

　　In contrast, women pass on a maximum of 15 mutations to their baby, regardless of age, according to the study published in the journal Nature.

　　Surveying a group of six men and six women, researchers showed them each 4,018 photographs of 18­20­year­old men and 4,416 of women the same age, and asked to assess their attractiveness.

　　Those with older fathers were consistently considered less attractive.

　　However, the children of older men, though less attractive, are likely to outlive their peers with younger fathers, it is claimed.

　　Professor Lee Smith, a geneticist at Edinburgh University, told the Sunday Times other research found such children have longer telomeres(端粒)—the caps on the end of chromosomes(染色体)—which are associated with longer life.

　　But the mounting research connecting parents' age with autism is cause for concern, experts warn.

　　Autism is an umbrella term for a range of developmental disorders that have a lifelong effect on someone's ability to interact socially and communicate openly.

　　In the UK, around one in 100 adults is thought to be affected by autism, mostly men, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

　　Researchers said men should be advised about the potential problems in order to help their personal decision­making when it came to having fathering children at older ages.

　　They warned that advancing paternal age faced a risk of ‘numerous public health and societal problems’．

　　Among well­known older dads are Simon Cowell, 54, whose son was born earlier this month, and comedian Frank Skinner whose first child was born in 2017 when he was 55.

　　[语篇解读]　文章主要介绍了科学家的最新发现——年龄大的父亲生的孩子丑的可能性更大。

　　1．From the passage, we know that

　　.

　　A．genetic mutations are caused by old age and physical disorders

　　B．when a man becomes older, sperm­producing cells copy his DNA less effectively

　　C．one of the advantages older fathers have is that their children can live a longer life

　　D．researchers advise men to avoid having fathering children at older ages

　　【解析】　推理判断题。根据第三段With age, sperm(精子)­producing cells do not copy a man's DNA as effectively一句可知B正确。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．What does the passage say about autism?

　　A．Genetic mutations inside a person cause autism.

　　B．Environmental factors contribute to autism.

　　C．In the UK, one percent of its population are affected by autism.

　　D．Autism prevents people from interacting socially and communicating openly.

　　【解析】　细节理解题。根据倒数第五段Autism is an umbrella term for a range of developmental disorders that have a lifelong effect on someone's ability to interact socially and communicate openly.可知选D。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Aging is the cause of genetic mutations.

　　B．Mothers have less effect on their children's appearance than fathers.

　　C．Children born to younger fathers are more attractive in looks than those born to older fathers and the difference grows with the age gap.

　　D．Simon Cowell and Frank Skinner are mentioned as an example to show that older fathers have uglier children.

　　【解析】　细节理解题。根据第五段The effect is very visible－someone born to a father of 22 is already 5­10 per cent more attractive than those with a 40­year­old father and the difference grows with the age gap.可知C正确。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．The whole passage is developed mainly by means of

　　.

　　A．showing examples

　　B．making arguments

　　C．presenting theories

　　D．providing data and facts

　　【解析】　推理判断题。文章通过列举一些数据和调查结果进行阐述，因此选D。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　What the school of the future will be like is unknown, but most educators and observers agree that the future school will go electronic with a capital E.

　　“This century, schools as we know them will no longer exist，” says a feature in The Age publication, based in Melbourne, Australia. “In their place will be community­style centers operating seven days a week, 24 hours a day.” Computers will become a necessary part for an effective school of the future.

　　Students, The Age says, will see and hear teachers on computers, with “remote learning”， the trend of tomorrow. Accessing “classrooms” on their home computers, students will learn at times most convenient for them. Yet some attendance at an actual school will be required to help students develop right social skills.

　　At Seashore Primary School, an imaginary school of the future created by the Education Department of Australia, technology is the thing that holds classes together. At the imaginary Seashore school：

　　◆all teachers and students have laptop computers.

　　◆teachers check voicemail and return students' calls on a special telephone system.

　　◆students use telephones to find information or speak to experts in subject areas they are studying.

　　◆all lessons are multidisciplinary.

　　◆all students have individual learning plans created by teachers.

　　As Seashore's acting headmaster says, a laptop computer is the students' “library, homework, data storage, and connection to the wider world. Technology has changed the emphasis(重点)to the learning of kids rather than the teaching of kids. ”

　　[语篇解读]　文章主要说明现在的学校模式在未来将不复存在，以及想象未来学校的样子。

　　5．

　　will be very popular in the future.

　　A．Classroom learning

　　B．Internet learning

　　C．Telephone learning

　　D．Remote learning

　　【解析】　细节理解题。从原文第三段中的“‘remote learning’， the trend of tomorrow”可知“远程学习将成为将来的流行趋势”。

　　【答案】　D

　　6．In the future, students should go to school sometimes to

　　.

　　A．hand in their homework

　　B．have an examination

　　C．develop right social skills

　　D．discuss problems with their teachers

　　【解析】　细节理解题。即使将来学生们可以在家学习，但有时还必须去现实生活中的学校去接受正确的社交技能的培养。这从原文第三段末的“Yet some attendance at an actual school will be required to help students develop right social skills.”可知。

　　【答案】　C

　　7．By saying “students will learn at times most convenient for them”， the writer means that

　　.

　　A．students can learn whenever they like best

　　B．students can learn only when their teachers are free

　　C．students have no right to choose when to learn

　　D．the teachers will begin their classes when the students are not busy

　　【解析】　细节理解题。要正确理解此句，首先要知道them指的是前面的students，而不是teachers，可排除D项。另外，此句中的most convenient for them作定语修饰times。此句意为“学生们将会在他们最方便的时候学习”，故A项正确。

　　【答案】　A

　　8．From the passage we can learn that

　　.

　　A．Seashore Primary School is a famous school situated in Melbourne

　　B．students will do their homework on the computers in the future

　　C．students have the same learning plans made by their teachers

　　D．students will have lessons from Sunday to Saturday

　　【解析】　推理判断题。根据原文最后一段a laptop computer is the students' “library, homework. . .”可知“笔记本电脑是学生的图书馆、家庭作业、数据存储器，以及与更广阔世界的联系(纽带)”，因此B项正确。根据原文第四段开头可知Seashore Primary School是所imaginary school(虚拟学校)，故A项不正确。根据“all students have individual learning plans created by teachers”可知学生们均有老师为他们制订的个人计划，故C项不正确。虽然未来的学校是全日制的，但由于学生们可以在他们最方便的时间学习，所以他们就不必天天上课了，故D项不正确。

　　【答案】　B

　　Ⅳ.阅读填句

　　Empathy

　　Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.

　　1

　　Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

　　Jennifer Freed, a co­director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.

　　2

　　There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature.

　　3

　　Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self­respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

　　Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in a new managers.

　　4

　　“Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life，” she says.

　　What's the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.

　　5

　　.

　　To really develop empathy, you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

　　A．Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

　　B．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

　　C．“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，” Freed says.

　　D．Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

　　E．Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

　　F．Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

　　G．Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

　　【答案】　1－5　BDGFC

　　Ⅴ.短文改错

　　Dear Li Mei，

　　With the mid­term exam come，you must get prepared for them. I think that you need is a right study method. As we all know，there are three stage in study—preview，study in class and review，among which review was the most important. You should first make a review plan，and then stick to it.

　　I follow my review plan strictly and have made a progress in my study. It turns out to be good enough. Of course，there are more than one way to review. So long as you review regular，I'm sure you can find more ways to study well.

　　If you have any question of subjects，you may ask me I'm glad to help you. We may meet in our school library every Friday afternoon.

　　Best regards.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear Li Mei，

　　Best regards.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　☆佳作诵读

　　Statistics show that there are 350 million smokers in China, ①making up about one third of all the smokers in the world. About 1 million people die from smoking­related diseases in China every year. 1.What is worse is that about 15 million of the smokers are teenagers and over 40 million teenagers attempt to smoke.

　　The number of teenagers who intend to experiment with smoking is ②on the increase. As is known, smoking does great harm 2. not only to our health, but also to our mind, especially for us teenagers. As the future builders of the world, we should treasure our life and ③keep off cigarettes. Let's reject tobacco and work together to create a tobacco­free campus!

　　Dear fellow students, let's ④take action now！

　　☞好词积累

　　1．make up占……

　　2．on the increase 增长中

　　3．keep off避开

　　4．take action 采取行动

　　好句延展

　　1．更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了。

　　What is worse is that it begins to rain.

　　2．他不仅以才能出名，而且是出名的好心。

　　He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness.

　　1 单词拓展识记

　　一、单词与派生

　　1．

　　vt.寻找→

　　n．寻找者；追求者

　　2．

　　vt.禁止→

　　n．禁止

　　3．

　　vt.使丧失；抢劫→

　　n．强盗→

　　n．盗窃

　　4．

　　n．最低，最小→

　　n．最高，最大

　　5．

　　vt.容忍→

　　adj.容忍的；宽容的→

　　n．容忍；忍受

　　6．

　　vt.反对→

　　n．反方；对立面→

　　adj.相反的；对面的→

　　adj.反对的

　　7．

　　vt.违反；违背→

　　adj.猛烈的→

　　n．暴力

　　8．

　　n．信心→

　　adj.忠诚的；忠实的→

　　adv.忠诚地

　　9．

　　vt.使有准备→

　　n．设备；装备

　　10．

　　n．大笔钱财，巨款；运气→

　　adj.幸运的→

　　adv.幸运地

　　11．

　　n．询问→

　　vt.询问；调查

　　12．

　　vt.提交→

　　n．提交

　　13．

　　n．延期→

　　v．延长

　　14．

　　n．担心；担忧→

　　adj.关心的；担忧的→

　　prep.关于；有关

　　【答案】　1.seek；seeker　2.prohibit；prohibition　3.rob；robber；robbery　4.minimum；maximum　5.tolerate；tolerant；tolerance　6.oppose；opposition；opposite；opposed

　　7．violate；violent；violence　8.faith；faithful；faithfully

　　9．equip；equipment　10.fortune；fortunate；fortunately

　　11．enquiry；enquire　12.submit；submission　13.extension；extend　14.concern；concerned；concerning

　　二、典词语境填空

　　1．The house has been given a thorough cleaning, inside and outside.

　　2．At worst, the storm will make us postpone the trip.

　　3．Crime rate in the white areas here is on the decline.

　　4．They refused to submit to the unjust decision.

　　5．We must introduce some system into our office routine.

　　6．Our politicians should learn to cater for the man in the street.

　　7．The two market reports contradict each other.

　　8．In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks.

　　9．They have docked us of two days of our annual leave.

　　10．Several of the children had been physically abused.

　　2 短语多维运用

　　一、互译练习

　　1．徒若无益；白费力气　

　　2．随便地；随意地

　　3．不管多大代价；无论如何

　　4．立刻；马上

　　5．彻底消失

　　6．终止；消灭

　　7．无论如何；至少

　　8．put off

　　9．get down to

　　10．bring up

　　11．go through

　　12．get through

　　13．focus on

　　14．for good(and all)

　　15．miss out

　　【答案】　1.in vain　2.at random　3.at all costs　4.straight away　5.wipe out　6.stop sth.in its tracks　7.at any rate　8.推迟　9.开始做　10.教育；养育；呕吐；引述　11.经历；通过　12.通过(考试等)；完成　13. 聚焦；集中；对准　14.长期地；永远地　15.遗漏；遗忘；错过机会

　　二、用上述短语的适当形式填空

　　1．I rang you several times but couldn't get through.

　　2．The librarian took a book at random from the shelf.

　　3．I must get down to study tonight, as I will take an exam next week.

　　4．The women's volleyball team put up a desperate fight to win the world championship at all costs.

　　5．We may miss the next bus, but at any rate we'll be there before midday.

　　6．The government is trying to wipe out the illegal activities.

　　7．Do remember：“Don't put off what you should do today until tomorrow.”

　　8．It's a shame that all her efforts are in vain.

　　3 句式高仿演练

　　1．(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　[句式仿写]　大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。

　　Most people prefer to buy their own houses rather than rent them.

　　2．(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.

　　对于获胜者可以强迫其进行检测，而对其他参赛选手，则只能随意抽测。

　　[句式仿写]　他不可能解除契约对自己的束缚。

　　It is impossible for him to get off the contract.

　　4 课文语法填空

　　Years ago when we talked about “cheating”， an exam would occur 1.

　　to

　　our mind. However，cheating is now used not only in exams 2.but in sports or games. When referring to “cheating” in the games，we come 3.across the issue of performance­enhancing drugs. The drugs are 4.originally (origin) developed to help people with illnesses，but now they also create supreme athletes 5.making (make) them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.

　　Taking these drugs is known as “doping”， 6.which can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them, but some athletes seek to achieve 7.beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. The sports world doesn't tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating. To our surprise，some athletes,8.including (include) some world­record keepers or breakers violated the rule，such as Ben Johnson in 100 metres in the 1988 Olympics. Floyd Landis in the annual cycling race in 2006 and American athlete Marion Jones in the Olympics.

　　Unfortunately，it is not easy 9.to catch (catch) athlete using illegal drugs because it is compulsory for winners to be tested，but others only at random. 10.However，doping is not the only thing we need to worry about. “gene­therapy” will be the next big threat. If gene­therapy were used now，it would be almost impossible to find out.

　　1 高考真题演练

　　Ⅰ.完形填空——完成句子

　　　(2017·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)Then it hit me—I had been giving all of my strength to what was going wrong with my experience rather than what was right!

　　那时我突然想起——我一直把我所有力量放在我经历的错的事情上，而不是正确的事情上。

　　(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解——完成句子

　　1．(2017·北京高考)Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination.

　　另外一个品牌商店设法使自己不仅仅是一个商店，而是顾客喜欢去的地方。

　　(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.

　　2．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons.

　　1897年，密歇根州通过了一项法律禁止捕杀旅鸽。

　　(教材P38)．..，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.

　　2 核心单词突破

　　seek(sought，sought)vt.寻找；探求；追求；征求；试图

　　vi.寻找；探求；追求

　　(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.

　　服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是有些运动员想试图取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的任何一项体育项目的问题。

　　seek sth.(from sb.)(向某人)请求/寻求某物

　　seek after/for sb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)

　　seek one's fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会

　　seek out找出；寻出

　　seek to do sth.试图做……

　　①The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on the future of youth and education.这次活动是为来自世界各地的年轻人举办，寻求他们对未来的青年和教育的看法。

　　②We are seeking to attain the most advanced technology level in the world.

　　我们正设法达到世界最先进的技术水平。

　　③Why do modern people seek after material possessions?

　　为什么现代人追求物质财富？

　　tolerate vt.容忍，忍受

　　(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.

　　由于它是十分重大的舞弊形式，所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。

　　tolerate常用于否定句；后接动名词，不接不定式；表示容忍某人或某行为，不能用于表示忍受痛苦。

　　tolerate sb. doing sth. 容忍某人做某事

　　tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的

　　be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 容忍某人/某事

　　tolerance n．宽容；忍受

　　The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.

　　学校不容许考试作弊。

　　②I can not tolerate your carelessness.

　　我不能容忍你的粗心大意。

　　③We cannot tolerate smoking in the hospital.

　　我们不能容忍在医院里抽烟。

　　oppose vt.反对

　　(教材P34)Gene­therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对对它做进一步研究。

　　(1)oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事

　　oppose sb's doing sth.反对某人做某事

　　(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的

　　be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立

　　Most Americans opposed/were opposed to Syria war.

　　大部分美国人反对叙利亚战争。

　　②I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.我一贯反对定时喂孩子。

　　③She is very much opposed to your going abroad.

　　她很反对你出国。

　　postpone vt.推迟；延期

　　(教材P37)Example 1 postpone

　　例1“推迟”

　　postpone sth.推迟某事物；使某事物推迟

　　postpone doing sth.推迟做某事

　　be postponed for...(时间)被推迟了……

　　postpone sth.to/until...推迟到……

　　①We are postponing our trip to/until the weather is fine.我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。

　　②Our school has decided to postpone holding the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.

　　我们学校已决定推迟运动会，因为雨太大。

　　prohibit vt.禁止；阻止

　　(教材P38)．..scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.

　　……科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。

　　prohibit sth.禁止某事

　　prohibit...from doing sth.禁止……做某事

　　prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事

　　prohibit smoking禁止吸烟

　　prohibition n．禁止，禁令

　　We are prohibited from drinking during working hours.

　　工作时间内我们禁止喝酒。

　　Smoking is prohibited in the office building.

　　办公楼内禁止抽烟。

　　③His small size prohibits him becoming a policeman.

　　个子太小使他无法当警察。

　　decline v．下降；婉拒 n．下降；减少

　　(教材P40)Even though doctors don't fully understand comas and process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.

　　虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。

　　(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事

　　(2)decline in/of sth.在某方面减少/下降

　　on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中

　　fall/go into (a) decline开始衰落，陷入衰退

　　①The stock market has declined by a few hundred points.

　　股票市场降了几个百分点。

　　②They declined my invitation to the party.

　　他们婉言谢绝了我的聚会邀请。

　　③The number of tourists to the place declined by 10% last year.

　　去年到这里旅游的人数减少了10%。

　　[易混辨析]

　　decline/refuse/reject

　　decline 作“拒绝”之意时，常指有礼貌地回绝，婉言谢绝，其主语只能是人。

　　refuse 语气比decline重，主语可以是人也可以是物。

　　reject 比refuse语气更重，意为“抛弃，拒收，不采纳”。

　　submit vt.递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输

　　(教材P137)You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.

　　你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。

　　submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出

　　submit sb./oneself to使某人/自己甘受，服从

　　submit to服从于，屈服于

　　①They had to submit themselves to his judgement.

　　他们不得不服从他的判决。

　　②Completed projects must be submitted to the manager by 10 March.

　　完整的方案必须在3月10号前交给经理。

　　③He submitted to the headmaster's order finally that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster.

　　他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。

　　contradict v．与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳

　　(教材P34)However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.

　　然而，如果造出一代有强化基因的运动明星，这将有悖于整个运动精神。

　　contradict sth.同……矛盾/抵触

　　contradict sb.顶撞/反驳某人

　　contradiction n．反驳；矛盾

　　in contradiction to...与……互相矛盾

　　The two statements contradict each other.

　　两种说法相互抵触。

　　②She doesn't like to contradict her husband in public.

　　她不愿在众人面前反驳她丈夫。

　　[单词多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　former，abuse，oppose，equip，contradict，tolerate，postpone，submit，decline，prohibit

　　1．The book is about the use and abuse of power.

　　2．The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.

　　3．Our teacher won't tolerate any cheating on exams.

　　4．We should submit our plans to the council for approval.

　　5．The decline of sales embarrassed the company.

　　6．The traffic police prohibit cyclists from riding on the sidewalk.

　　7．Lacking money, they had to postpone their plan.

　　8．We hold that these two orders contradict each other.

　　9．He is not so strongly opposed to the idea as the others.

　　10．The poor girl found it hard to throw off her former boy friend.

　　Ⅱ.tolerate万花筒

　　1．用所给单词的适当形式填空

　　①I can't tolerate my son talking (talk) at table.

　　②Perhaps you need to be more tolerant(tolerate) of your neighbours.

　　③He has a very tolerant (tolerate) attitude towards her religions.

　　④There was no tolerance (tolerate) for anyone who broke ranks.

　　2．完成句子

　　⑤我再也不能忍受你没有礼貌了。

　　I won't tolerate your bad manners any longer.

　　⑥这些植物耐霜。

　　The plants are tolerant of frost.

　　Ⅲ.prohibit多面体

　　完成句子

　　①在处理易爆物时，严格禁止吸烟。

　　in the process of handling explosive materials.

　　②这机器价格昂贵，很难普及使用。

　　The high cost of the machine

　　being widespread.

　　【答案】Smoking is strictly prohibited　②prohibits it from

　　Ⅳ.seek活学活用

　　完成句子

　　①我们不应该贪图安逸，追名逐利。

　　We

　　comfort，personal fame，or gain.

　　②我试图改变她的心意。

　　I

　　change her mind.

　　【答案】shouldn't seek after/for　②sought to

　　Ⅴ.oppose变形记

　　1．用oppose的适当形式填空

　　①The populace at large are

　　to sudden change.

　　②I must say, in common with Helen, that I strongly

　　the proposal.

　　2．完成句子

　　③总统拒绝向该国提供军事援助。

　　The president

　　military aid to this country.

　　④许多人根据自己的是非观反对出售武器。

　　Many people

　　the sale of arms on principle.

　　【答案】opposed　②oppose　③opposes giving

　　④are opposed to

　　Ⅵ.decline活运用

　　完成句子

　　(1)上个月失业率降至百分之四。

　　Unemployment level

　　4 percent last month.

　　(2)他对农业的兴趣大大下降。

　　He has had a sharp

　　interest in farming.

　　(3)这地区的劫案在减少。

　　The number of robberies in the area is

　　.

　　【答案】　(1)declined to　(2)decline in　(3)on the decline

　　Ⅶ.absorb用法集锦

　　完成句子

　　(1)很多村庄被洪水吞没。

　　A lot of villages

　　the flood.

　　(2)威尔非常专心读书，以至于没有吃晚餐。

　　Will was so

　　reading that he went without dinner.

　　【答案】　(1)were absorbed into　(2)absorbed in

　　3 精典短语研析

　　at all costs不惜任何代价；无论如何

　　(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　at a cost (of) 以……代价，花……

　　at all costs＝at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何

　　at the cost of以……为代价，用……换来

　　to one's cost 付出了代价才……；吃亏后才……

　　①Zhang Lili, a brave woman teacher, saved her students at all costs/at any cost.

　　张丽莉，一位勇敢的女教师，不惜任何代价救了她的学生。

　　②The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library at the cost of his own life, which was put up at a cost of one million dollars last year.

　　英雄牺牲了自己的生命从着火的图书馆里救出了那个男孩，该图书馆是去年耗资100万美元建起来的。

　　at any rate无论如何，至少

　　(教材P137)If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes—in developed countries at any rate.

　　在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的——至少发达国家是这样。

　　at this/that rate 照这/那种情况继续下去

　　at a rate of以……的速率/比率

　　①We may miss the next bus, but at any rate we'll be there before midday.

　　我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车，但无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里。

　　②At this rate, we will soon be bankrupt.

　　照这样下去，我们很快就会破产。

　　wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁

　　(教材P38)Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.

　　流行病能毁灭城市地区的一半人口。

　　wipe away 擦去，消除

　　wipe off擦掉，除掉

　　wipe up擦净，打败，消灭

　　wipe sth. from/off sth. 从……上擦去某物

　　①A summer fire can wipe out all the grass.

　　夏季的一场火可以把草都烧光。

　　②He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car.

　　他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍。

　　out of the question不可能；根本谈不上

　　out of question毫无疑问；没问题，一定，当然

　　①For the moment it was out of the question to attempt to persuade him.

　　目前想把他说服是万万不可能的。

　　②They never too weak and returning to school was out of the question.

　　他们太虚弱了，再返回学校是不可能了。

　　③Her kindness was out of question.

　　她的善心是毫无疑问的。

　　on balance总而言之；总的来说

　　keep the balance of...保持……的平衡

　　break the balance打破平衡

　　keep sth. in balance使……平衡

　　lose one's balance失去平衡

　　weigh sth. in/on the balance用秤称东西

　　keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡

　　a balanced diet均衡的饮食

　　Despite some failure, our firm has had quite a good year on balance.

　　我们公司尽管存在某些不足之处，总的来看这一年还是相当不错的。

　　[短语多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.选词填空

　　at any rate，on balance，out of the question，wipe out，at all costs

　　1．On balance, we have a good chance of winning the race.

　　2．You should wipe out the unpleasant memory.

　　3．At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week.

　　4．It is out of the question for him to stay in office so late.

　　5．The government wanted to avoid war at all costs.

　　Ⅱ.用cost的相关短语完成句子

　　1．他救了溺水的儿子，自己却丢了性命。

　　He saved his son from drowning

　　his own life.

　　2．无论如何不要让任何人离开这所房子。

　　You're not to allow anyone to leave the house

　　.

　　【答案】　1.at the cost of　2.at any cost/at all costs

　　Ⅲ.用rate的相关短语完成句子

　　1．我们干得太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活儿。

　　We're working so slowly that

　　，we'll never finish the job.

　　2．无论如何，我们必须在天黑以前赶到那里。

　　，we must get there before dark.

　　【答案】　1.at this rate　2.At any rate

　　Ⅳ.用balance相关短语完成句子

　　1．他失去了平衡，在地上跌了个四爪朝天。

　　He

　　and measured out his length on the ground.

　　2．确保使事物平衡和现实。

　　Be sure to

　　and be realistic.

　　【答案】　1.lost his balance　2.keep things in balance

　　4 典型句式剖析

　　(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　[句式分析]　rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。

　　(1)常用句型

　　宁愿做……而不愿做……

　　(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。

　　①If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.

　　如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是行动，而不是抱怨。

　　②She preferred to stay at home rather than go shopping with him.

　　她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。

　　③Mary，rather than you，is to blame for not finishing the work on time.

　　是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作受责备。

　　(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.

　　对于获胜者可以强迫其进行检测，而对其他参赛选手，则只能随意抽测。

　　[句式分析]　for winners to be tested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式to be tested的逻辑主语，winners与test之间为被动关系，因此，使用不定式的被动形式。不定式的被动形式为“to be＋过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。

　　在下列结构中，虽为被动意义，却应使用主动结构：

　　(1)在“主语＋be＋easy/difficult/interesting/heavy/nice/fit＋to do sth.”结构中。

　　(2)在find/make/feel/think/suppose/expect＋宾语＋宾补＋to do sth.结构中。

　　(3)在“疑问代词＋不定式”的结构中。

　　①It was impossible for lost time to be made up.

　　要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。

　　②The man is easy to deal with.

　　这人容易对付。

　　③I don't know what to do.

　　我不知道该怎么做。

　　[句式多维演练]

　　—————————————————————————

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．晚上听音乐真有趣。

　　It is amusing to listen to music in the evening.

　　2．他喜欢当外科医生而不愿做内科医生。

　　He prefers to be a surgeon rather than a physician.

　　3．是你而不是我要去野营。

　　You rather than I

　　go camping.

　　4．与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

　　The sweater she bought was beautiful

　　.

　　5．我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

　　We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than

　　.

　　6．与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

　　， he would give up.

　　【答案】　3.are going to　4.rather than cheap　5.in the great hall　6.Rather than work in such bad condition

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．I find English not so difficult to be learnt.

　　2．I，rather than you, are to blame.

　　【答案】　1.be learnt→learn　2.are→am

　　通关微语法

　　错综虚拟句和情态动词

　　复习错综虚拟句的过程中重点把握主句和从句分别指代的时间，进行对比；情态动词关键把握其具体用法，不同语境中表达的不同意义，尤其注意“情态动词＋have＋done”的用法。

　　Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　1．If you

　　(study) the problem carefully, you

　　(find) it difficult now.

　　2．If I

　　(have) a bike, I

　　(lend) it to you yesterday.

　　3．You

　　(be) much better now if you

　　(take) my advice.

　　4．If you had studied hard, you

　　(be) a college student now.

　　5．If I

　　(earn) some money last summer, I

　　(go) on vacation next month.

　　6．If you

　　(follow) the doctor's advice, you

　　(be) all right now.

　　7．If Mary

　　(be)

　　a girl of strong character, she

　　(say)“No” to her boss yesterday.

　　8．If he

　　(receive) six more votes in the election last week, he

　　(be) our monitor now.

　　【答案】　1.had not studied；would find　2.had；would have lent　3.would be；had taken　4.would be　5.had earned；would go　6.had followed；would be　7.were；would have said　8.had received；would be

　　Ⅱ.选词填空

　　1．Everything

　　going perfectly for the twenty­five­year­old Texan cyclist.(must be/must have been)

　　2．He

　　earlier，but he had ignored the pain so that he could continue racing.(should go/should have gone)

　　3．When he went to the doctor that day，he

　　what was about to happen to him.(could not have known/could not know)

　　4．There was a 40% chance he

　　and a 60% chance he might die.(would survive/would have survived)

　　5．By the summer of 1999，he

　　take any more medication.(did not need to/need not have had to)

　　6．Many people doubted Armstrong's ability to become a top cyclist again but they

　　.(did not need to worry/need not have worried)

　　【答案】　1.must have been　2.should have gone　3.could not have known　4.would survive　5.did not need to

　　6．need not have worried

　　谋篇微写作

　　话题21——滥用毒品

　　【写作素材】

　　1．青少年吸毒已成为人们关注的问题。(abuse)

　　2．为了禁止他们这么做，人们每年都要寻找不同的方法。(prohibit; seek)

　　3．专家建议青少年用知识武装自己。(equip)

　　4．青少年应该将学习作为自己的常规事务。(routine)

　　5．他们在任何情况下都不应该失去信心。(lose faith in)

　　【连句成篇】(将以上句子连成一篇英语短文)

　　【参考范文】　

　　Drug abuse among teenagers has become a concern of the public. To prohibit them from doing so, people seek various ways annually. Experts suggest that teenagers should equip themselves with knowledge. Teenagers should make it a routine to study hard and under no circumstances should they lose faith in themselves.课时提升练(二十一)

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．The local people are

　　to building the new hotel because of the great cost. (oppose)

　　2．We should be

　　to our friends. (faith)

　　3．It is a

　　to be invited to speak here. (privileged)

　　4．The sports meeting of our school is held

　　. (annual)

　　5．Our English teacher won't

　　any cheating in exams. (tolerate)

　　6．The boy didn't go home at the usual time and his parents were

　　about his safety. (concern)

　　7．Smoking is strictly

　　in the process of handling explosive material. (prohibit)

　　8．The driver was punished for

　　the traffic rules. (violate)

　　9．They can't have

　　how things will turn out. (foresee)

　　10．The sports meeting was

　　because of rain. (postpone)

　　【答案】　1.opposed　2.faithful　3.privilege　4.annually

　　5．tolerate　6.concerned　7.prohibited　8.violating

　　9．foreseen　10.postponed

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．李娜被认为是中国最优秀的运动员之一。

　　Li Na

　　one of the best players of China.

　　2．当今掌握一门外语对我们学生来说很重要。

　　Nowadays

　　to master a foreign language.

　　3．交作业之前应该先检查一遍。

　　Before handing in your home work, you should

　　.

　　4．与其说这本书重要不如说它有用。

　　The book is useful

　　.

　　5．如果你昨天保持冷静的话，所有事情都会很顺利的。

　　If you had stayed calm yesterday, everything

　　.

　　【答案】　1.is considered to be　2.it is important for us students　3.have it checked　4.rather than important

　　5．would have gone smoothly

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　The teacher sat cross­legged in front of the gathering of fourth grade students. She asked them what kinds of things would

　　1

　　world peace. Immediately they began offering such

　　2

　　as “Get rid of all the bombs.” “There ought to be a

　　3

　　against war.” The teacher rose to note each offering on the board. Once the list was

　　4

　　, she sat again with the children and asked them if there was anything

　　5

　　war in their lives.

　　They were

　　6

　　at first but eventually they seemed to begin to

　　7

　　that the teacher meant “war” as a metaphor (暗喻). One student said, “My brother declares war on me when I

　　8

　　his things.” “My dad blows up at bad drivers，” offered one girl.

　　9

　　said she had war with one of her dishonest friends.

　　10

　　the thought appeared that all violence was in conflict with the idea of

　　11

　　. Through the discussion the teacher

　　12

　　the concept that they could decrease violence and increase peace in their own lives by giving up the idea of

　　13

　　with others. She asked them to

　　14

　　the rest of the week keeping track of the times when they would choose to carry out peace

　　15

　　violence.

　　By the end of the week the students had experienced dozens of examples

　　16

　　violence and conflict had been avoided in their

　　17

　　lives.

　　Eventually the class created a peace movement in the school. They helped rewrite school

　　18

　　that decreased conflict. Homework became more inventive and

　　19

　　. Parent­teacher meetings always

　　20

　　activities of the students (a dance, or an art or science exhibit). Cooperation became the primary path to peace.

　　[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍的是老师如何向学生解释“war”这个词的含义，并使学生们明白在生活中他们应该减少冲突，加强合作。

　　1．A.breakB．ignore

　　C．increase

　　D．witness

　　【解析】　由第一段第三句中学生们的回答可知，老师问的是如何能促进世界和平，故C项正确。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．A.cases

　　B．events

　　C．chances

　　D．suggestions

　　【解析】　根据该空后面学生们的回答可知，这是学生们根据老师提出的问题说出的一些解决“建议”，故选D项。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．A.law

　　B．will

　　C．deal

　　D．duty

　　【解析】　制定一部“法律”来制止战争。故选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．A.missing

　　B．necessary

　　C．simple

　　D．complete

　　【解析】　根据空处后的内容可知，老师已经把清单列完了，故选D项。complete表示“已完成的，已结束的”。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．A.but

　　B．like

　　C．against

　　D．after

　　【解析】　根据第二段第一句中的“the teacher meant ‘war’as a metaphor(暗喻)”可知，老师问学生在他们的生活中有没有遇到“像”战争一样的事情，故用like。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．A.puzzled

　　B．frightened

　　C．excited

　　D．encouraged

　　【解析】　刚开始学生们感到很“困惑”，但是最终他们“意识到”老师说的“战争”是一个暗喻。故选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　7．A.state

　　B．prove

　　C．realize

　　D．guess

　　【解析】　参见上题解析。realize意为“意识到”。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．A.receive

　　B．bother

　　C．collect

　　D．reserve

　　【解析】　一个学生说：“当我打扰我哥哥做事情时，他就向我宣战。”bother表示“打扰，烦扰”，符合语境。

　　【答案】　B

　　9．A.Each

　　B．Another

　　C．The one

　　D．The other

　　【解析】　由“One student said” 和 “offered one girl”可知，此处是指又一个女孩说，故选B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　10．A.Luckily

　　B．Suddenly

　　C．Hopefully

　　D．Finally

　　【解析】　由第二段中学生们的回答可知，任何暴力都是与和平理念相冲突的，这也是对上文的总结，故用副词finally。

　　【答案】　D

　　11．A.peace

　　B．power

　　C．culture

　　D．wealth

　　【解析】　peace与上半句的violence相对应，任何暴力都与“和平”相冲突，故A项正确。

　　【答案】　A

　　12．A.returned

　　B．passed

　　C．introduced

　　D．moved

　　【解析】　根据学生们的谈论，老师进行总结，并且“引出”了一个理念，故选C项，其他三项均不符合语境。

　　【答案】　C

　　13．A.joking

　　B．fighting

　　C．discussing

　　D．working

　　【解析】　根据该空前面的“decrease violence and increase peace in their own lives”可以推知是通过放弃武力的方式来减少暴力，增加和平，故选B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　14．A.waste

　　B．appoint

　　C．spend

　　D．finish

　　【解析】　她要求学生记录下在这周余下来的时间里用和平而不是暴力的方式来处理问题的次数。spend some time doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，故C项符合语境。

　　【答案】　C

　　15．A.aside from

　　B．away from

　　C．regardless of

　　D．instead of

　　【解析】　见上题解析。instead of表示“而不是”。前三项分别表示“除了”“远离”“不顾，不管”，均不符合语境。

　　【答案】　D

　　16．A.that

　　B．where

　　C．whether

　　D．whose

　　【解析】　where引导定语从句修饰先行词examples，且where在从句中作状语，故选B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　17．A.political

　　B．traditional

　　C．personal

　　D．natural

　　【解析】　由第三段第二句中的“in their own lives”提示可知应选C项，此处表示“个人生活”。

　　【答案】　C

　　18．A.rules

　　B．decisions

　　C．records

　　D．introductions

　　【解析】　根据该空后面的“that decreased conflict” 可知，应该是重新制订了学校“规则”，故选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　19．A.similar

　　B．familiar

　　C．confusing

　　D．interesting

　　【解析】　句意：家庭作业变得更加有创造性和趣味性。故D项正确。其他三项分别表示“相似的”“熟悉的”“令人迷惑的”，均与语境不符。

　　【答案】　D

　　20．A.started with

　　B．belonged to

　　C．put up with

　　D．came up to

　　【解析】　家长教师交流会也总是以学生们的活动开始的，故选A项。其余三项分别表示“属于”“忍受”“达到”，均不符合语境。

　　【答案】　A

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

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　　The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

　　The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

　　The EP comes with a 3­year warranty(保修) and a 60­day no questions asked satisfaction guarantee If you are not totally satisfied, return it to our expertise and your money will be given back to you.

　　Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

　　Take action right now!

　　[语篇解读]　文章介绍了一种新型的便携式暖风机。

　　1．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

　　A．The heat of the EP.

　　B．The appearance of the EP.

　　C．The safety of the EP.

　　D．The material of the EP.

　　【解析】　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，这种暖风机不会引起火灾，不会烫伤孩子和宠物，显然在讲它的安全性。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．From the passage, we can learn that the EP

　　.

　　A．doesn't burn up oxygen

　　B．runs without any noise

　　C．makes people get sleepy

　　D．is unsuitable for children and pets

　　【解析】　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，这种EP暖风机是不会降低室内的氧气含量的，就是说暖风机不会消耗氧气。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means

　　.

　　A．continuously

　　B．separately

　　C．equally

　　D．quickly

　　【解析】　词义判断题。根据第四段可知，此处把EP暖风机和其他类似产品比较，这种暖风机能够把墙、门、天花板都加热，不像以前的产品，只加热附近小片区域，因此表示“均匀地”。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．The main purpose of the passage is to

　　.

　　A．advise people to save on heating bills

　　B．persuade people to buy the product

　　C．report the new development of portable heaters

　　D．compare the functions of different heater brands

　　【解析】　写作意图。根据文章内容可知，向大家介绍了一种新型的暖风机，有自己独特的优点，目的是让读者买他们的产品。

　　【答案】　B

　　Ⅴ.书面表达

　　随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出了两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。

　　学生 观点

　　赞同者 1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具；

　　2．反映出国民生活条件提高，国家富强；

　　3．带动其他行业发展。

　　反对者 1.废气污染严重；

　　2．汽车过多影响交通，导致更多事故；

　　3．停车问题日益突出。

　　注意：1.词数100左右。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　Dear editor，

　　I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.

　　Yours truly，

　　Li Hua

　　【参考范文】　

　　Dear editor，

　　I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.

　　With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more people have their own cars. Some of us think it's good to own a car. Firstly, it's a convenient, fast, and comfortable means of transportation. Secondly, it shows that people are becoming richer, and the country much more stronger. It also makes relative businesses and industries develop faster.

　　Others have different opinions. They think that cars give off waste gas and pollute the environment. Too many cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents. Besides, overloaded parking cars is another big problem.

　　In my view, people should think carefully before they buy a car.

　　Yours truly，

　　Li Hua