2016届高考英语二轮复习专项训练：专题限时检测（23）阅读理解词义猜测类之短语与句意理解题

　　专题限时检测(二十三)　阅读理解词义猜测类之短语与句意理解题

　　(加的为短语或句意理解题，本卷限时23分钟)

　　A

　　(2015·镇江市高三教学情况调研)Soda sales are falling, so Coca­Cola is getting ready to sell us a new drink. You may have heard of it. Its called milk. It comes from cows.

　　Coke’s new milk isn’t just plain old white stuff, though. Called Fairlife, the new drink is marketed as “premium” (优质的，高端的) milk with 50 percent more protein, 30 percent more calcium, half the sugar of typical milk — and a higher price tag.

　　So far, Fairlife is only sold in test markets. The soda giant plans to launch it nationally in the U．S. in March 2015, according to a statement from a Coca­Cola spokeswoman. The enhanced milk is a joint venture (企业) between Coke and Select Milk Producers dairy co­op, a collective of large dairy producers.

　　The dairy industry needs this to work. American milk consumption is declining, along with soft drink sales, as Americans increasingly swap cereal and milk for breakfast bars and fast food breakfast sandwiches. Retail sales of milk dropped 3 percent in 2017 after falling 2 percent the year before, according to data from Euromonitor. Competition from non­dairy milk alternatives, protein drinks and ready­to­drink teas may make it difficult for the milk industry to reverse the trend.

　　Fairlife hits on a couple of food fads that may help it succeed. The drink offers more protein than traditional milk. Fairlife contains dairy, but the fact that“there is something special about the product” makes shoppers think of it a bit differently than “the basic private­label milk that people buy in supermarkets，” said John Sicher, the editor of Beverage Digest, an industry newsletter.

　　Water is probably the best example. Once just something that you got from the tap or even a well in the ground, water was a more than $11 billion industry in 2011, according to the International Bottled Water Association. In addition to fancy water like Fiji and Voss, there are now websites dedicated to helping shoppers find the most luxurious types of watch. Coke is in the water business as well with Dasani, which contains filtered tap water and trace amounts of minerals.

　　For Coke, premium milk is part of a broader push to diversify as Americans tire of soda. Rival Pepsi, which owns Frito­Lay, has already done this. Coke?s biggest competitor is pushing into dairy as well, with a yogurt (酸奶) brand sold in stores nationwide.

　　Earlier this year, Coke capitalized (资本化) on the rising popularity of energy drinks by buying a 17 percent stake in Monster. Coke also will offer its brands in Keurigs single­serve cold brew machines next year. Honest Tea is the first Coke brand Keurig users will be able to brew in single­serve form.

　　The company reported a 14 percent drop in profit last quarter and announced a cost­cutting program aimed at reducing expenses by $3 billion a year by 2019.

　　The soda giant also reported a one­percent decline in carbonated drink volume in North America and it?s “very unlikely” it will see much growth in the USA soda business in the future, said Howard Telford, a beverage analyst at Euromonitor International, a market research firm. Shoppers, increasingly aware of high levels of sugar in soda, are opting for other drinks.

　　1．Why are soft drink sales declining?

　　A．Coke’s new milk is only sold in test markets.

　　B．Americans prefer cereal and premium milk to breakfast bars.

　　C．Protein drinks and ready­to­drink teas are not suitable for Americans.

　　D．Americans are becoming more and more conscious of sugar content in soft drinks.

　　★2.What do the underlined words “reverse the trend” mean in Paragraph 4?

　　A．Reduce the impact of the trend.

　　B．Change the trend to the opposite one.

　　C．Give a definition of the trend.

　　D．Arrange the trend in the right order.

　　3．We can conclude from the passage that ________.

　　A．Fairlife is being sold at all the supermarkets in the USA

　　B．Fiji and Voss are trying to find luxurious types of water for shoppers

　　C．Coke launched Fairlife without cooperating with any milk producer

　　D．Coke is trying to regain market share through making its products diverse

　　4．It can be inferred from what John Sicher said that ________.

　　A．rival Pepsi, which owns Frito­Lay, is pushing into dairy

　　B．traditional milk contains less protein and has the basic private­label

　　C．Fairlife containing more protein and calcium will probably be popular

　　D．Beverage Digest, an industry newsletter, adopts data from Euromonitor

　　B

　　(2015·泰州市高三第一次模拟考试)The Green movement is catching on in many parts of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today’s buzz words, which include global warming and zero emissions, are causing people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprints. Purchasing houses that are environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well­being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco­communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world?s first zero emissions neighborhood.

　　If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a self sufficient community along the harbor front of British Columbia?s capital city. The community will be home to 2,500 people and will consist of residential, office, and retail space. The plans describe a variety of environmental features, some of which are unprecedented.

　　Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non­toxic. Eco­conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it can last for a long time without breaking and does not require pesticides to grow.

　　Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space in the apartment building, residents will have individual utility meters (公用事业电表). Studies show that people use approximately one fifth less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused for flushing toilets.

　　Planners of eco­communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community?s car share program. Finally, plans are under way for a high­tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

　　5．What might be the best title for this passage?

　　A．A common city in Canada

　　B．A zero­emission building

　　C．An environmental charity

　　D．A future green community — Dockside Green

　　★6.The “buzz words” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to the words ________.

　　A．related to construction 　B．popular among people

　　C．difficult to pronounce

　　D．used by few people

　　7．Why is bamboo an environmentally friendly choice for builders?

　　A．It keeps pests out of the house.

　　B．It is very cheap.

　　C．It provides fresh air.

　　D．It is strong and easy to grow.

　　8．What major issue does Dockside Green hope to address in the future?

　　A．Fossil fuel alternatives.

　　B．Stopping water pollution.

　　C．Traffic jams.

　　D．Advocating eco­friendly houses.

　　C

　　(2015·无锡市普通高中高三期末考试)With a large part of the worlds population living close to the oceans, rising sea levels bring the potential for destructive (破坏性的) results. But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for people to plan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities expected over this century.

　　“We know sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast, and where, we really still don’t know，” said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.

　　The_ocean_isnt_like_water_in_a_bathtub. It doesn’t rise all the same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels, some places are expected to see higher­than­average increases, and a few places may even see decreases.

　　It’s reported that over the course of this century, sea levels will rise between 8 inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this increase will be driven by the expansion of water as it warms — warmer water takes up more space — and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water and melting ice on sea­level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And the melting of ice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest uncertainty for the future, but air, land and water also play roles in changes to sea level. For example, sea level near the ice getting melt actually decreases, because the ground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice disappears.

　　Climate change is expected to change ocean currents and the winds that help drive ocean currents. These changes will affect the distribution of heat within the oceans, and, as a result, affect changes in sea level.

　　Nowadays, scientists use two types of models to make predictions about the future of sea levels, but the two don’t agree. If scientists can’t accurately predict sea­level increase for the coming years, the least we can do is measure what is happening today with the help of the satellite, Jason­2, but it’s reaching the end of its operational life.

　　9．The first paragraph implies that ________.

　　A．the rising sea levels mainly happens near the coast

　　B．people living in coastal communities have to move

　　C．scientists have ways to handle the rising sea levels

　　D．coastal cities are easily affected by the rising sea levels

　　★10.What does the writer mean by saying “The ocean isn’t like water in a bathtub.” in the third paragraph?

　　A．The rising sea level is hard to tell.

　　B．The ocean can be easily controlled.

　　C．The ocean isnt equal to a bathtub in size.

　　D．There is too much water for us to

　　control.

　　11．According to the text, which of the following shows the right cause and effect?

　　①climate change; ②ocean currents; ③the winds; ④changes in sea level; ⑤the distribution of heat

　　A．①→②→③→④→⑤

　　B．①→③→②→⑤→④

　　C．③→④→⑤→②→①

　　D．①→⑤→③→②→④

　　12．What problems will scientists meet with in predicting future climate changes?

　　A．Its too difficult to measure what’s happening.

　　B．Types of models for prediction are difficult to set up.

　　C．There will probably be no satellites to help the scientists.

　　D．There arent enough scientists studying the changes of sea levels.

　　答

　　案

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。由于美国人意识到苏打饮料含糖量过高，所以很多人不愿购买苏打饮料，因此苏打饮料的销量开始下滑。可口可乐公司正准备生产不同的饮料以重新占领市场份额；其他饮料公司也纷纷转产，以适应人们的健康需求。1．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“... it will see much growth in the USA soda business in the future ... Shoppers, increasingly aware of high levels of sugar in soda, are opting for other drinks.”可知，由于美国消费者已经意识到苏打饮料含糖量过高，因此他们转而选择其他饮料。故苏打饮料销量下滑。故D项正确。

　　2．选B　短语理解题。根据该句中的difficult和trend表达的语境，并结合上文内容可知，来自脱脂奶、蛋白饮料、茶饮料行业的竞争使牛奶企业很难扭转销量下滑的趋势。由此可推知，画线短语意为“扭转趋势”，B项最接近该短语意义。故B项正确。

　　3．选D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，苏打饮料的销量下滑，致使可口可乐公司准备销售一种新的饮料；由此可推知，可口可乐公司准备生产不同的产品以重新占领市场份额。故D项正确。

　　4．选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“Fairlife hits on a couple of food ... protein than traditional milk.”及下文内容可知，富含蛋白质和钙的Fairlife饮料很可能会受到欢迎。故C项正确。

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。绿色行动环境保护行动是当今世界的一大流行主题。能否保护好环境决定了人类未来的发展。现在人们设计出一种环保型的生态社区，加拿大的Dockside Green就属于这种社区。本文主要介绍了Dockside Green生态型社区的建筑理念和相关措施。5．选D　标题归纳题。第一段以“The Green movement”开头引出Dockside Green社区。第二至五段介绍了Dockside Green社区的建设目标以及相关措施。故D项最适合作为文章标题，故选D项。

　　6．选B　短语理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，环境保护在世界上很多地区流行起来，由此结合下文中“... that are environmentally responsible”，“who are concerned about their own health and the well­being of the earth”可知，画线短语buzz words指的是像“全球变暖”、“零排放”这些人们现在常挂在嘴边的词。故选B项。

　　7．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，竹子可以很长时间都不断，而且不需要杀虫剂，易生长。故选D项。

　　8．选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Dockside Green将来要解决的主要问题是找到可以替代化石燃料的可再生生物量。故选A项。

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇科普文。全球变暖会导致海平面上升，这会给沿海地区的人们带来巨大灾难。本文主要介绍了海平面上升的现状及成因，及现在科学家们在预测海平面上升的具体情况中所遇到的难题。9．选D　推理判断题。根据第一段开头句子“With a large part of ... close to the oceans ... destructive (破坏性的) results.”可知，因为相当一部分的世界人口住在沿海地区，逐渐升高的海平面会给沿海居民带来潜在的破坏性的结果。因此可以推出，沿海城市很容易受到海平面升高的影响。故答案选D。

　　10．选A　句意理解题。根据画线句子并结合下文“It doesnt rise all the same as more water pours in.”可知，海洋不像浴缸里的水，向里注水时它的水位就会上升。因此，作者借此比喻来表明很难预测海平面的上升。故答案选A。

　　11．选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，气候变化改变了风向，风向会改变洋流的方向，这会影响海洋内部热量的分布，从而引起海平面的变化。故答案选B。

　　12．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，至少我们可以借助Jason­2号卫星来观测海洋现在正在发生着什么，但是Jason­2号卫星正在接近它的可使用期限。因此可以推断，Jason­2号卫星即将不能用了，可能就没有卫星来帮助科学家研究海平面上升的问题了。故答案选C。