2016届高考英语二轮复习精讲学案：专题02 代词（原卷版）

　　【2016考纲解读】

　　高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力，以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等题型中，侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。其考点主要包括：

　　1．考查替代词的用法。常考的替代词有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。

　　2．考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any，some，all，none，other，another, every, nothing等。

　　3．考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。

　　4．考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法； it的实指用法； it的虚指用法，如：can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。

　　201年高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进：加强语境的真实性和复杂性； 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。

　　一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法

　　1．both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：

　　Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。

　　Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。

　　Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。

　　2．all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。

　　All of the students are there.

　　All (of) the milk is there.

　　Every student in our school works hard.

　　我们学校的学生都很用功。

　　Each student may have an e­dictionary./Each of the students has an e­dictionary./The students each have an e­dictionary.

　　每个学生都可有一本电子词典。

　　二：some和any的用法

　　1．表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：

　　If you have any questions, please ask me.

　　2．在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：

　　Would you like some coffee?

　　3．some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：

　　I remember having read this article in some magazine.

　　Here are three novels.You may read any.

　　三：复合不定代词的用法

　　由some，any，no，every加上­body，­one，­thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。

　　1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：

　　Somebody is waiting outside.

　　I have something for you.

　　She thinks she's something since she won the prize.

　　获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。

　　2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：

　　Does anybody else want to go?

　　There isn't anything in the box.

　　If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!

　　有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：

　　Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.

　　You can take anything you like.

　　3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：

　　I know nothing about it.

　　There is nobody here.

　　4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：

　　Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.

　　She does everything to help her mother.

　　Her son is everything to her.

　　对她来说儿子就是一切。

　　四：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别

　　the other/

　　other the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义

　　another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”

　　others/

　　the others others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others

　　He is willing to help others/other people.

　　Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.

　　Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.

　　We need another five chairs/five more chairs.

　　五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别

　　none 既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 —How much money do you have?

　　—None.

　　no one/

　　nobody 只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数 —Who is in the room?

　　—Nobody./No one.

　　nothing 只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 —What are you doing

　　now?

　　—Nothing.

　　考点六：替代词的用法和区别

　　it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 —Have you found your pen?

　　—No, I haven't found it.

　　one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.

　　These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.

　　that/

　　those that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.

　　考点七：it的用法

　　1．it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：

　　It is getting warmer and warmer.

　　It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.

　　It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.

　　It's very quiet at the moment.

　　2．it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：

　　It's important for us to learn a second language.

　　We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

　　3．熟记下列有关it的固定句型

　　make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it

　　考点一、考查代词。

　　例1．.(2015·2)The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.

　　A.everybody

　　B.nobody

　　C.anybody

　　D.somebody

　　【变式探究】（2017江西卷）32. ---When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon?

　　----___. I’ll be in all day .

　　Any

　　B. None

　　C. Neither

　　D. Either

　　考点二、考查不定代词

　　例22. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.

　　everybody B. nobody

　　C. anybody

　　D. somebody

　　【变式探究】（2017福建卷）21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in

　　, knives and forks.

　　A. another

　　B. others

　　C. both

　　D. all

　　考点三、考查it作形式宾语的用法

　　例3. (2015·浙江，12)How would you like

　　if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

　　【变式探究】（2017陕西卷）21. I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether

　　or not you will come.

　　A. it

　　B. you

　　C. one

　　D. this

　　考点四、考查代词的用法

　　例4．（2017大纲卷）28. I think Mrs. Stark could be ______ between 50 and 60 years of age.

　　A. anywhere

　　B. anybody

　　C. anyhow

　　D. anything

　　【变式探究】They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of________ carried out in their work.

　　A. which

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．them

　　1.(2015·浙江，12)How would you like

　　if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

　　2.(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but

　　knows the

　　date for sure.

　　3.(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the

　　.

　　4.(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but

　　is useful to my knowledge.

　　5.(2015·天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than

　　in some larger schools.

　　6.(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but

　　contained any useful suggestions.

　　（2017安徽卷）24．You can ask anyone for help.

　　here is willing to lend you a hand.

　　A. One

　　B. No one

　　C. Everyone

　　D. Someone

　　（2017江苏卷）34. Good families are much to all their members, but

　　to none.

　　A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

　　2017山东卷）4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

　　A. that

　　B. this

　　C. it

　　D. her

　　（2017四川卷）1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge.

　　A. both

　　B. neither

　　C. none

　　D. either

　　（2017浙江卷 ）3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

　　A. each

　　B. it

　　C. this

　　D. one

　　6. （2017重庆卷 ）1.A smile costs ______ ,but gives much.

　　A. anything

　　B. something

　　C. nothing

　　D. everything

　　【2017高考真题精选】

　　（2017·浙江）11.Half of _____surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.

　　A.these

　　B. some

　　C. ones

　　D. those

　　（2017·江西卷)26.There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty.

　　A. as few as

　　B. as little as

　　C. as many as

　　D. as much as

　　（2017·山东卷)21. I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ____ of them very much.

　　A. either

　　B. any

　　C. each

　　D. another

　　（2017·四川)2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the small ones.

　　A. one

　　B. this

　　C. that

　　D. it

　　（2017·天津卷)12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine.

　　A. them

　　B. these

　　C. those

　　D. ones

　　（2017·辽宁卷)29.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and

　　of her collegues.

　　A.that

　　B.one

　　C.ones

　　D.those

　　（2017·重庆卷)31. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.

　　A. another B. the other C. one another D. one

　　（2017·安徽卷)2. This project requires close teamwork.

　　Will be achieved unless we work well together.

　　A. Nothing

　　B. Anything

　　C. Something

　　D. Everything