2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 3 A healthy life（新人教版选修6）

　　Unit 3 A healthy life

　　6Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2015·山东省威海市二模)

　　Run, swim, lift weights, do yoga—do something, because it's good for you. Many studies tell us that regular exercise not only helps our bodies but improves memory, and eases anxiety. But what is happening to the mind during workout to create all these benefits?

　　A new study from Sweden suggests that a specific protein found in trained muscles might contribute to exercise's mental benefits. This protein, the researchers found, might help our bodies process molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振). The findings were published in the journal Cell.

　　To test this, the researchers kept attacking some mice with flashing lights, loud noises and interrupting their sleep for weeks. Predictably, this treatment makes the mice show signs and biochemical markers of depression.

　　But not all the mice showed those signs. One group, specially raised to have high levels of a protein called PGC­1alpha1 (the one in trained muscles), did not show those depression signs. PGC­1alpha1 increases production of an enzyme that breaks down a chemical called kynurenine. Kynurenine helps the body respond to an activated immune system(活性免疫系统), but it also plays a role in depression.

　　“Our original research assumption was that trained muscle would produce a substance(物质) with beneficial effects on the brain，” Jorge Ruas of the Karolinska Institute told Forbes.com. “We actually found the opposite: well­trained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body.”

　　This study was in mice, but it lines up nicely with all the other lines of evidence that exercise is good for mental health.

　　文章大意：体育锻炼有益身心健康，但是我们的大脑在锻炼过程中发生了什么变化从而有益于我们的身心的呢？本文给出了答案：锻炼的肌肉中产生了一种enzyme物质，它带走了我们身体里的有害物质。

　　1．According to the study, which of the following is bad for your mental health?

　　A．Protein.B．Molecule.

　　C．Enzyme.

　　D．Kynurenine.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话“...but it also plays a role in depression.”可知，Kynurenine会造成我们心情萎靡不振。该题易误选B项，由第二段倒数第二句话“molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振)”可知，该物质本身无害，只有当它在身体内失衡时才有害，所以不选。

　　2．What conclusion have the researchers drawn from the study?

　　A．Unbalanced exercise leads you to depression.

　　B．Well­fed mice survive better though being ill­treated.

　　C．Trained muscle produces a substance good for brain.

　　D．Regular exercise helps to clear rubbish away from body.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第五段最后一句话“...well­trained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body...”可知。

　　3．According to the last paragraph, the result of the study is ________.

　　A．reliable

　　B．doubtful

　　C．predictable

　　D．ambiguous

　　答案：A　推理判断题。该研究是在老鼠身上做的，但是它与其他研究非常吻合，所以该研究结果是可信的。

　　4．What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Why do you need regular exercise?

　　B．What matters most for your body?

　　C．How does exercise help your brain?

　　D．Why are mice chosen for the study?

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

　　(2015·北京市东城区第二学期综合练习一)

　　Anxiety is your mental watchman. Its fixed pattern is to search for what may be about to go wrong.It continually, and without your conscious permission, scans your life, even when you are asleep, in dreams and nightmares.__1__ When it finds one, it worries it.

　　Along with depression and anger, anxiety is one of the bad faces of worries. __2__ Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a lack of security and confidence. When anxiety is severe and pained, it can be a sign of a disorder, such as panic or terror.

　　Although anxiety seems to have a biological basis, it is habit­forming for many of us. Some of our anxious feelings are in fact wasted energy. Anxiety has gotten out of hand when it is pointless and repeated. When you are faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or making an important decision, you will feel anxious. When you are controlled by anxiety, you are unable to control your emotions(情感) to the point of it changing your daily routine and habits.__3__ Or you find you are usually anxious at work or around your family.

　　At times, you should listen to the message of your negative emotions, as uncomfortable as they may be, and change your outward life rather than your emotional life. __4__ If you are worried about the dangers of your brother's new hobby, sky diving, perhaps you ought to tell him so. Taking action may relieve your anxiety.__5__

　　By learning to stop always seeking guarantee, not only can you start to undo the automatic cycle of anxiety, but also you learn that you can manage just fine without the need for constant guarantee. This in turn creates a sense of self­confidence and self­respect, which is vital to overcome anxiety.

　　A．For these people, saying NO to others is often of much anxiety.

　　B．It reviews your work, your love, your play, until it finds an imperfection.

　　C．Comparing anxiety with depression helps to discuss possible cures for anxiety.

　　D．These three common emotions are considered the cause of most mental illnesses.

　　E．If that doesn't work, then it's time to deal with any automatic thoughts in yourself.

　　F．If you are anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day.

　　G．You find yourself waking up anxious, going through the day anxious and going to bed anxious.

　　文章大意：本文是说明文。该文章主要告诉我们如何摆脱焦虑这种情绪。

　　1．B　根据前文的go wrong和B项中的imperfection和下文的worries判断。故选B项。

　　2．D　根据前句的depression and anger, anxiety和D中的three common emotions。故选D。

　　3．G　根据前句unable to control your emotions(情感)和G中的anxious判断。故G正确。

　　4．F　根据前文的negative emotions, uncomfortable和change your outward life以及F中的anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day判断。故F正确。

　　5．E　根据前文的Taking action may relieve your anxiety和下文的By learning to stop always seeking guarantee和E中deal with any automatic thoughts in yourself判断。故选E。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·辽宁省重点中学协作体三模)

　　I have a daughter who just entered the 7th grade, which is known in our area __1__ one of the most awkward and socially difficult years for girls.

　　I did not want my daughter to be someone who did things just to be popular __2__ a person confident in her own shoes and following her own likes.

　　I have done activities for Awkward Years Project for __3__ website. Many women write a bit about themselves during the

　　__4__(embarrass) part of their lives—how their life was and how it's used out, always a positive inspiration.My daughter and her friends love checking the website and discuss __5__(happy)how they recognize the women who have shared.__6__ shared about the end of the 5th grade when my mother convinced me to cut my hair short...Oh, it turned out terribly awful just before I started middle school! I __7__(run) away at a few teases.

　　But many years later, I realized that it made me __8__(draw)to people who became my friends because of who I was and not __9__ I looked like and...them towards me, for the same reason!

　　I also became a mom who respected her daughter's likes and graded her towards __10__(decide) but never forced them on her, especially ones that had no effect on the type of person she would be.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：这篇文章主要叙述了自己教育女儿的心得体会，让孩子自由成长，不强加给孩子一些压力。

　　1．命题立意：考查介词。

　　答案：as　根据be known as作为……而闻名。判断填as。

　　2．命题立意：考查连词。

　　答案：but　根据空后是名词a person与前文的someone是转折关系，作be的表语。故填but。

　　3．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　答案：a　根据句意：我为一家网站做……。故填a。

　　4．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：embarrassing　根据空后的part判断应填embarrass的­ing形式，意为“令人尴尬的”，故填embarrassing。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词。

　　答案：happily　空前是动词discuss，应用副词修饰。因此答案填happily。

　　6．命题立意：考查代词。

　　答案：I　根据前文，是作者自己在分享……。故填I。

　　7．命题立意：考查时态。

　　答案：ran　根据整个语境应填一般过去时。故填ran。

　　8．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案：drawn　根据空前的me是draw的动作承受者，应用过去分词作made的宾语补足语。可知填drawn。

　　9．命题立意：考查名词性从句。

　　答案：what　根据空后的宾语从句缺少like的宾语，故填what。

　　10．命题立意：考查名词。

　　答案：decisions　根据空前是介词towards，应用名词形式，decision是可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式，故填decisions。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2015·开封市5月模拟)

　　Last week, when we learned the new word “slovenly”， we asked to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.” Hearing this, a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red. After class, I learned up from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped with others. My mindless words must have hurt him deeply. Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways. We should avoid hurt others if our words are not encouraging.

　　答案：

　　Last week, when we learned the new word “slovenly”， we

　　asked to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl

　　clothes never fit her.” Hearing this,

　　whole class burst into laughter and my

　　face turned red. After class, I learned up from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped

　　others. My mindless words must have hurt

　　deeply. Not until then

　　I realize words could be

　　in both positive and negative ways. We should avoid

　　others if our words are not encouraging.

　　1．命题立意：考查语态。

　　解析：asked前加were　根据该句的主语we是asked的动作承受者，应用被动语态。故asked前加were。

　　2．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　解析：who→whose　根据定语从句的先行词是girl，clothes需要作定语的引导词，只有whose可以在定语从句中作定语。故who→whose。

　　3．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　解析：a→the　the whole class“全班学生”。故a→the。

　　4．命题立意：考查名词所有格。

　　解析：deskmate→deskmate's　根据该单词前的my和后的face判断应用名词的所有格形式。故deskmate→deskmate's。

　　5．命题立意：考查固定短语。

　　解析：learn后的up去掉　learn from“向某人学习或从……中学”。故learn后的up去掉。

　　6．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：with→by　被动语态的动作执行者一般由by引出。

　　7．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：him→her　前文作者的同桌是女生。

　　8．命题立意：考查时态。

　　解析：do→did　上下文语境应用过去时。

　　9．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　解析：powerfully→powerful　be后应用形容词作表语。

　　10．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：hurt→hurting　avoid避免，后跟动词的­ing形式作宾语。