2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（新人教版必修3）

　　Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·福建)

　　SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR “FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”

　　AND ENJOY A FREE* FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!

　　With a registration fee of just $50 per child，children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways' FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.

　　They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing­797 to any destination in the world!

　　BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS!

　　•A free* flight to any destination in Asia

　　•30% off any course at Tanya Language School

　　•20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore

　　•A free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight Stationery

　　•A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don's Diners with every set dinner ordered

　　•A birthday gift on your child's birthday

　　•A free album containing pictures taken during the journey

　　All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family！**Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.

　　10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS

　　for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015

　　*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.

　　**Terms and conditions apply.

　　文章大意：这是一则广告，航空公司成立的“飞向月球俱乐部”招募成员，广告主要介绍加入俱乐部后成员及家长可以享受的优惠政策。

　　1．One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is ______.

　　A．a free flight to any destination in the world

　　B．30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore

　　C．a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport

　　D．a discount on any course at Tanya Language School

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据30% off any course at Tanya Language School可知D项正确。

　　2．Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits？

　　A.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　September 13 September 18

　　B.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　September 2 September 12

　　C.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　August 15 September 4

　　D.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　August 16 September 8

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据文中All bookings made before 12 September will receive...以及10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015可知D选项符合条件。

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?

　　A．You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.

　　B．Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.

　　C．The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.

　　D．Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据文中All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance...可知，并不是所有的航程都享受免费保险服务，故排除B项；由首段的第一句话可知该俱乐部是针对12岁以下儿童的，故排除C项；根据文中最后的备注Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.可知D项错误。A项中的sign up与首段第一句话中的registration对应，故选A项。

　　B

　　(2015·山西省太原市二模)

　　Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observation.

　　New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.

　　Scientists estimate the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.

　　While scientists have speculated(推测) since 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.

　　This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.

　　Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europe,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.

　　Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant planets as well.

　　文章大意：这是一篇关于天文知识的资讯报道。科学家们通过Hubble望远镜判断在木星上发现海洋的存在，人们期待更多的地球以外的生命存在。

　　4．What can we learn about the Ganymede from the passage?

　　A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.

　　B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.

　　C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.

　　D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据通过第五段中“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知海洋增加了人们关于地球以外的生命的兴奋。故选B。

　　5．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?

　　A．Cautious.

　　B．Doubtful.

　　C．Negative.

　　D．Favourable.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。Cautious谨慎的；Doubtful怀疑的；Negative否定的；Favourable支持的。根据通过第五段中“This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplished.”可知作者对Hubble的态度是支持的。故选D。

　　6．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?

　　A．An underground ocean has been found in Europe.

　　B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europe is not possible.

　　C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europe.

　　D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europe.

　　答案：C　句意猜测题。通过横线句子中的“confirmed the existence” 和“NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.”可知欧洲上空可能有海洋是确定的。故选C。

　　7．What type of writing does this passage belong to?

　　A．A term essay.

　　B．A news report.

　　C．An experiment report.

　　D．An exploration review.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。A term essay一个学期论文；A news report一个资讯报道；An experiment report 一个实验报告；An exploration review一个探索评论。通过第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence...”格式及文章内容可知。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

　　(2015·长春市质量检测二)

　　A great number of people can get injured or even killed resulting from a human stampede (踩踏)．The bad thing is that a peaceful group of people can quickly turn into a crazy panicked crowd. __1__

　　If you are in a crowd, the most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice the exits. No matter where you are make sure you always know how to get out. __2__ If you are in a crowd of moving people, wet or uneven ground can be slippery or dangerous, causing you to fall.

　　Be aware of the general atmosphere of the event, as panic situations can often be expected. When in danger, a few seconds can make all the difference. If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure, do not stand still or sit down. __3__

　　Take advantage of any space that may open up and try to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker.

　　__4__—It gives you movement and protects your chest.

　　If you fall, get up quickly. If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms and curl (蜷缩)up. __5__ Sometimes, finding a right posture can save your life.

　　A．Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on.

　　B．Do not lie on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs.

　　C．If you are stepped on, you should shout for help.

　　D．Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd.

　　E．Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxer.

　　F．Stretch your arms to the full length so that you can make more space to move in the crowd.

　　G．What's worse is that the stampede can be caused while there seems no actual danger.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，告诉读者在发生踩踏时，如何自救。

　　1．G　文章第二句The bad thing is that a peaceful group of people can quickly turn into a crazy panicked crowd.与选项G中的信息What's worse is that the stampede can be caused while there seems no actual danger.是递进的关系，故选G。

　　2．A　Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on. 句子重点是告诉读者对所处地面情形的把握，与下文If you are in a crowd of moving people, wet or uneven ground can be slippery or dangerous, causing you to fall信息相符，故选A。

　　3．D　根据上文If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure, do not stand still or sit down.建议不要对抗人群压力，不要站着不动或坐下，选项D中的Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd. 恰恰是建议读者如何做：沿着人群的方向走，故选D。

　　4．E　选项E中的Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxer. 恰恰是下一句的It gives you movement and protects your chest.中的it所指代的内容，故选E。

　　5．B　选项 B中Do not lie on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs.与下文finding a right posture can save your life. 在内容上是一致的，故选B。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2015·青岛市二模)

　　Manners are important to happy relations among people. No one liked a person with bad manners. Having good manners is seen by many people for a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. Polite words are one of the example. When meet people, saying “Hello！” or “How are you？” and so on means you are very polite, which will make that easy for you to communicate with others. However, other people will hate getting on with you and your life will become difficulty. Only saying polite words can you get on well with others.

　　All in the all, it is polite words which will make your life become convenient.

　　答案：

　　Manners are important to happy relations among people. No one

　　a person with bad manners. Having good manners is seen by many people

　　a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. Polite words are one of the . When

　　people, saying “Hello！” or “How are you？” and so on means you are very polite, which will make

　　easy for you to communicate with others. ， other people will hate getting on with you and your life will become . Only

　　saying polite words can you get on well with others.

　　All in the all, it is polite words

　　will make your life become convenient.

　　1．命题立意：考查时态。

　　解析：liked→likes　根据语境应用一般现在时，主语是no one应用单三形式。

　　2．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：for→as　for是“为了，因为”；as“作为”，根据语境see...as...“把……看作”应用as。故for→as。

　　3．命题立意：考查名词。

　　解析：example→examples　根据短语one of the ＋名词复数，……中之一。

　　4．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：meet→meeting　此处是when与现在分词连用作时间状语。故meet→ meeting。

　　5．命题立意：考查固定句型。

　　解析：that→it　根据句型“make it ＋形容词 ＋不定式”判断。故that→it。

　　6．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：However→Otherwise　根据语意应用“否则”，故However→Otherwise。

　　7．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　解析：difficulty→difficult　根据become后跟形容词作表语。故difficulty→difficult。

　　8．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：saying前加by　“by ＋动词­ing形式”作句子的方式状语。故saying前加by。

　　9．命题立意：考查固定短语。

　　解析：in后的the去掉　根据固定短语all in all“总而言之，最重要的是”。故in 后的the去掉。

　　10．命题立意：考查强调句型。

　　解析：which→that　根据强调句型结构“It is＋被强调部分＋that＋不被强调部分”。故which →that。