2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”（新人教版必修3）

　　Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Considering Australia's size and the fact that early settlements were far apart, Australian society is remarkably homogeneous ( 同种的). Its citizens are fundamentally prosperous and the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same however many miles divide them. It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents.

　　However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city settlers and the country people. Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast­paced cities along the coast and has little more_than_a_passing_familiarity_with_the_desert. The major cities preserve images of colonial heritage, but the overall impression is modern, with new buildings reflecting the country's youth. In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow­moving and conservative. For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheep's back”， a reference to wool being the country's main money earner. However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的) . Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world. Newer industries such as tourism and wine making are also increasingly important. Australians are generally friendly and relaxed, with a modest sense of humor.

　　Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origins. Within only one generation of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, Australia had become a nation of immigrants. Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere. Australia's liberal postwar immigration policies led to a flowing of survivors from war­torn Europe, most notably Greeks, Italians, Poles and Germans.

　　The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia. Today Australia is a “mixture of nations” and although some racism exists, it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is reasonably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural communities in the world.

　　文章大意：本文是说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚社会的各个方面，经济，移民，生活等。

　　1．What does the writer mean by saying “has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert” in the second paragraph?

　　A．The major population has a close relationship with the desert.

　　B．The fast­paced cities are just located by the desert.

　　C．The major population knows little about the desert.

　　D．The major population is familiar with the people living in the desert.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据文中第二段的句子Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast­paced cities along the coast 和 In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow­moving and conservative与所给句子中的关键词little、familiarity、desert可推断大部分人不了解沙漠。故选C。

　　2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The pace of life in the city is different from that in the country.

　　B．One third of people living in Australia come from Europe.

　　C．The Australian economy is dependent on sheep exports.

　　D．Most Australians have ancestors who were prisoners.

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere排除B；根据文章第二段的However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的). Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world排除C；根据文章第三段的Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origin排除D；根据文中第二段的第二句话Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fast­paced cities和该段第四句话In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow­moving and conservative.可知城市生活和乡村生活是不一样的。故选A。

　　3．What used to be Australia's main money earner?

　　A．Wheat.

　　B．Wool.

　　C．Tourism.

　　D．Diamond.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。Wheat小麦；Wool羊毛；Tourism旅游业；Diamond钻石。根据题干关键词 used to be Australia's main money earner找到文中对应句子是文中第二段的句子For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheep's back”， a reference to wool being the country's main money earner可知羊毛是过去澳大利亚人主要的经济来源。故选B。

　　4．We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A．nothing about Australia's colonial part in modern cities can be seen by visitors

　　B．tourism and wine making resulted in fast development in rural communities only

　　C．immigrants from Europe have brought racial problems

　　D．Australia's recent immigration policy encourages immigrants from Southeast Asia

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.可知现在的澳大利亚大多是东南亚的移民。故选D。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2015·安徽)

　　In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

　　How did we __3__ a throwaway society? First of all，it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__.

　　Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people，we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.

　　Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

　　All around the world，we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.

　　Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

　　文章大意：文章讲述了抛弃型消费社会的表现、成因、危害以及解决措施；旨在呼吁人们转变消费观念，为环保尽一份自己的力量。

　　1．A.key

　　B．reason

　　C．project

　　D．problem

　　答案：D　词汇复现题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了人们把用坏了的东西随手扔掉，从而导致垃圾堆积成山这一问题，文章倒数第二段最后一句中的．..this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.和倒数第三段的第一句．..to the problem亦有暗示。故选D项。

　　2．A.gifts

　　B.rubbish

　　C．debt

　　D.products

　　答案：B　词汇复现题。根据下文的because people are throwing out more

　　rubbish than ever before.即人们比过去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，这里说的是“垃圾山”日益壮大，故选B项。

　　3．A.face

　　B.become

　　C．observe

　　D.change

　　答案：B　句意为：我们是怎样变成一个抛弃型消费社会的呢？face意为“面对”；become意为“变成”；observe意为“观察；遵守”；change意为“改变”。根据语境可知，B项正确。

　　4．A.hide

　　B.control

　　C．replace

　　D.withdraw

　　答案：C　句意为：现在替换一件物品比花时间和金钱去修理它更容易。hide意为“躲藏；隐藏”；control意为“控制”；replace意为“取代；替代”；withdraw意为“撤退；收回”。根据语境可知，上文提到人们习惯把用坏了的东西随手扔掉，即这里是指买新的东西来替换用坏的东西，故选C项。

　　5．A.Thanks to

　　B.As to

　　C．Except for

　　D.Regardless of

　　答案：A　句意为：由于现代制造业和技术的发展，公司能够快速而廉价地生产出产品。thanks to意为“幸亏；由于”；as to意为“关于；至于”；except for意为“除了……以外”；regardless of意为“不管；不顾”。根据前后逻辑关系可知，“现代制造业和技术”与“公司能够快速而廉价地生产出产品”之间是因果关系，因此A项正确。

　　6．A.safe

　　B.funny

　　C．cheap

　　D.powerful

　　答案：C　词汇复现题。根据上文．..companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富又便宜。故选C项。

　　7．A.love

　　B.lack

　　C．prevention

　　D.division

　　答案：A　根据下文人们总是想方设法去节约时间、让生活更轻松以及许多公司生产了大量一次性产品可知，我们喜欢用一次性产品，故选A项。lack意为“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意为“预防；阻止”；division意为“分开；除法”。

　　8．A.sensitive

　　B.kind

　　C．brave

　　D.busy

　　答案：D　词汇复现题。由下文的to save time可知人们很“忙碌”，故选D项。sensitive意为“敏感的；灵敏的”；kind意为“善良的”；brave意为“勇敢的”。

　　9．A.ways

　　B.places

　　C．jobs

　　D.friends

　　答案：A　句意为：作为忙碌的人们，我们总是在想方设法来节省时间、让生活更轻松。上文说人们喜欢使用一次性产品就是他们为节省时间所寻找的“方法”。故选A项。

　　10．A.donate

　　B.receive

　　C．produce

　　D.preserve

　　答案：C　句意为：公司生产出成千上万种不同的一次性产品。donate意为“捐赠；捐献”；receive意为“收到；接收”；produce意为“生产；创作”；preserve意为“保存；保护”。由语境可知，公司为喜欢用一次性产品的消费人群“生产”出多种一次性产品，故选C项。

　　11．A.adapts

　　B.returns

　　C．responds

　　D.contributes

　　答案：D　句意为：我们对新产品的嗜好也促成了这一问题的产生。adapt to意为“适应”；return to意为“返回”；respond to意为“对……作出回应”；contribute to意为“促成；有助于”。根据语境可知，人们对新产品的嗜好，即喜新厌旧的态度，对随手丢弃的问题起到火上浇油的作用。故选D项。

　　12．A.tired of

　　B.addicted to

　　C．worried about

　　D.ashamed for

　　答案：B　句意为：我们对购买新产品上了瘾。be tired of意为“对……厌倦，厌烦”；be addicted to意为“沉溺于；对……上瘾”；be worried about意为“为……担心”；be ashamed for意为“对……感到惭愧(羞愧)”。根据语境可知我们买新产品上瘾，故答案为B项。

　　13．A.newer

　　B.stronger

　　C．higher

　　D.larger

　　答案：A　词汇复现题。句意为：广告劝说我们更新的产品会更好，而且使用了最新的产品，我们也会更开心。根据下文的．..we will be happier with the latest products.可知答案应选A项。

　　14．A.pick up

　　B.pay for

　　C．hold onto

　　D.throw away

　　答案：D　词汇复现题。句意为：结果，我们扔掉了有用的东西以便为新买的东西腾出地方。pick up意为“拾起，捡起；获得”；pay for意为“为……而付报酬”；hold onto意为“紧紧抓住；抓住不放”；throw away意为“扔掉”。根据下文to make room for new ones可知应选D项。

　　15．A.advantages

　　B.purposes

　　C.functions

　　D.consequences

　　答案：D　词汇复现题。句意为：在世界各地，我们都可以看到这种抛弃型生活方式所产生的后果。advantage意为“优势；有利条件；利益”；purpose意为“目的”；function意为“功能；作用”；consequence意为“结果；后果”。根据下文的Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，垃圾山越来越大就是这种抛弃型生活方式带来的后果。D项符合语境。

　　16．A.show

　　B.record

　　C．decrease

　　D.measure

　　答案：C　句意为：为了减少垃圾数量，保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收利用材料。根据语境可知政府要求人们回收利用旧物质材料的目的是为了“减少”垃圾的数量。故选C项。

　　17．A.technology

　　B.environment

　　C.consumers

　　D.brands

　　答案：B　根据语境和生活常识可知，减少垃圾数量，回收利用旧物质材料都是为了保护“环境”。故选B项。

　　18．A.However

　　B．Otherwise

　　C.Therefore D．Meanwhile

　　答案：A　句意为：可是，这不足以能够解决我们所面临的问题。根据上下文逻辑关系，设空前后两句之间有转折关系。however意为“然而；可是”，符合语境。otherwise意为“否则”；therefore意为“因此”；meanwhile意为“同时；其间”。

　　19．A.by

　　B.in favour of

　　C.after D.instead of

　　答案：D　句意为：我们需要修理我们的东西而不是把它们扔掉。根据语境可知，作者对于乱扔东西是不赞成的，建议人们应该尽可能去修理它们。instead of在此意为“而不是”，符合语境。in favor of意为“支持；赞成”，与作者的意图相去甚远。

　　20．A.spending

　　B.collecting

　　C．repairing D.advertising

　　答案：A　词汇复现题。句意为：我们也需要重新思考我们的消费观。根据下文的．..and changing our spending habits可知，A项符合语境，spending意为“花钱；消费”。

　　.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·吉林省吉林市第三次调测)

　　People can often see a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone's home. The parrot has learned

　　__1__(copy) sounds that people make. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants __2__

　　this list of copycats (盲目的模仿者)．

　　Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist, __3__ studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises __4__(make) by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was __5__ 8­year­old African elephant __6__ it lived near a highway.

　　Dr. Poole says that she couldn't tell the difference between Mlaika's call and the

　　__7__(distance) truck noise. Why did __8__ copy the sounds of the trucks driving by? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy

　　__9__(practice) new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds.

　　So far Dr. Poole __10__(spend) 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants make sounds like birds to talk with one another.

　　Parrots, dolphins, humans, and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：文章主要介绍了动物比如鹦鹉、海豚、大象等都具有和人一样的模仿功能。

　　1．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案： to copy　根据learn后跟不定式作宾语，故填to copy。

　　2．命题立意：考查固定词组。

　　答案：to　根据add sth. to sth.把……加到……。故填to。

　　3．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　答案： who　根据先行词是zoologist，定语从句中缺少主语，且是非限制性定语从句，故填who不填that。

　　4．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案：made　根据strange noises是make的动作承受者，应用过去分词作定语。故填made。

　　5．命题立意：考查冠词用法。

　　答案：an　8­year­old African elephant的首字母的发音是/ei/，元音音素应用an，故填an。

　　6．命题立意：考查连词用法。

　　答案：

　　and 　根据空前后分句之间的并列关系判断。故填and。

　　7．命题立意：考查形容词用法。

　　答案： distant　根据空后是truck noise是名词，应用形容词修饰，故填distant。

　　8．命题立意：考查代词用法。

　　答案： it　根据前文判断，可知填it指代这头大象。

　　9．命题立意：考查非谓语动词用法。

　　答案：practising/practicing　根据前文的enjoy后跟动词­ing形式作宾语判断填practising/practicing。

　　10．命题立意：考查时态。

　　答案：has spent 　根据空前的so far判断应用现在完成时，填has spent。