2016届高考英语二轮复习考点精炼：专题18 主旨归纳题

　　专题十八　主旨归纳题

　　针对高考训练

　　一、单项填空

　　1.(2017江苏无锡洛社高级中学高三联考)— I promise to go shopping with you if you help me with the housework.

　　—　 You are the last person to keep a promise. 

　　A.That’s great!B.How come?

　　C.I don’t agree. D.Come off it!

　　答案:D

　　解析:考查交际用语。句意:“如果你帮助我做家务,我答应和你一起去购物。”“住口吧!你是最不信守诺言的人。”A项意思是“太棒了!”B项表示“怎么会?”C项意为“我不同意。”D项意思是“住口,住手。”

　　2.(2017辽宁抚顺二中高三考试)Li Qun,who graduated from 　 university in South China,is now studying for her degree in 　 European country. 

　　A.a;a B.the;an

　　C.the;a D.an;a

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:李群,毕业于华南的一所大学,现在正在一个欧洲国家研修学位。虽然university和 European 都以元音字母开头,但发音都是辅音,所以都用a 而不用an,此处都是泛指的概念,不用the,故选A项。

　　3.Of all the books on show in the book fair,　 is of use for children. 

　　A.no B.none

　　C.neither D.nothing

　　答案:B

　　解析:考查代词的用法。句意:图书交易会上,所有展示的书没有一本适用于孩子的。空格处指代前文的books, no单独作主语,neither指两者都不,nothing指什么都没有,而none指三者以上都不,故用选B项none。

　　4.(2017湖北省八校高三联考)As we all know,independence is very 　 for youngsters because sooner or later they will leave their families and live alone. 

　　A.essential B.accurate

　　C.flexible D.temporary

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:我们都知道,青少年独立是非常必要的,因为他们迟早会离开他们的家去独自生活。essential“至关重要的”;accurate“精确的”;flexible“灵活的;柔韧的”;temporary“暂时的,临时的”。根据题意可知选A项。

　　5.(2017江苏苏州六校高三联考)—Mother,I climbed up to that tall tree and picked this big apple.

　　—Jesus!You　 down and hurt yourself. 

　　A.might have fallen B.might fall

　　C.must have fallen D.must fall

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查情态动词。句意:“妈妈,我爬上那棵高高的树摘了个大苹果。”“天啊,你可能会掉下伤了自己。”因为是对过去的推测,排除B、D两项;might have done是对过去的不确定的推测,意思是“可能会做”;must have done表示“过去一定做了”,不符合句意。

　　6.(2017黑龙江双鸭山一中高三期中)—Have you 　 how much the trip will cost? 

　　—I’m working on it;just have a little patience.

　　A.added to B.counted on

　　C.added up to D.figured out

　　答案:D

　　解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:“你计算过旅游的费用了吗?”“我在算,耐心点。”add to“增加”;count on“指望”;add up to“共计是”;figure out “计算,弄清楚”。故选D项。

　　7.Sarah Brightman,　 will fly to space in 2015,is the first woman to fly there in the field of music. 

　　A.who B.that

　　C.which D.whose

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查定语从句。句意:莎拉·布莱曼将于2015年飞往太空,她将是音乐界第一个飞往太空的女士。句中的先行词为Sarah Brightman,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以用who引导。

　　8.(2017甘肃部分普通高中高三目标诊断)Do you consider it any good 　 psychology? 

　　A.to learn B.to have learned

　　C.learning D.having learned

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:你认为学习心理学有好处吗?这里的it作形式宾语。

　　9.I would appreciate 　 you could give me some advice on learning English. 

　　A.it whether B.it if

　　C.that when D.that if

　　答案:B

　　解析:这是一个I would appreciate it if...句式,表示“如果……的话,我将十分感激”。

　　10.Please don’t phone him between 1 pm and 3 pm tomorrow.He 　 a lecture then. 

　　A.has delivered B.has been delivering

　　C.will be delivering D.delivers

　　答案:C

　　解析:句意:明天下午1点到3点之间请不要给他打电话,那时他将正在发表演讲。此处要用将来进行时表示将来某一个时间正在进行的状态。

　　二、完形填空

　　Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”,but have you ever thought about this expression?When a cat is frightened,its heart starts beating faster,its muscles get tense,and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream.

　　Although the cat doesn’t 　1　 this,its body is getting ready for action. 

　　If the danger continues,this animal will do one of the two things.It will 　2　 itself,or it will run away as fast as it can. 

　　　3　,when people are excited,angry,scared,or aroused by other emotions,our bodies also go through many 　4　 changes.Our hearts beat faster,and our muscles get tense.All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react.We,too,get ready to defend ourselves 　 5　 run. 

　　Human beings,　6　,have a problem that animals never face.If we give way to our feelings and let them 　7　,we can get into trouble.Have you ever said something in anger,or hit somebody and regretted it later?Have you ever shouted at a teacher,told someone you were lonely,or said you were in love,and then 　8　 later you had kept your mouth shut?It isn’t always 　9　 to express your feelings freely. 

　　Does this mean that it’s smarter always to 　10　 our feelings?No! If you 　11　 feelings of anger,sadness,and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside,your body stays 　12　.Physical illnesses can develop.It can actually be 　13　 to your health. 

　　Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside,don’t just 　14　.It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard.You might not be able to see them,but 　15　 you’d smell them.And if you opened the cupboard,you’d 　16　 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them.They’d be rotten. 

　　You can try to treat emotions 　17　 they were bananas in the cupboard.You can 　18　 they don’t exist,but they’ll still be 　19　.And at last you’ll have to 　20　 them.Just like those bananas. 

　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者首先把猫和人进行对比,人既有和猫一样的反应,但又不同于猫,当我们处于愤怒和伤心的时候,不应该把这些埋在心里,而应当释放出来,否则身体会得病的,就如香蕉放久了会烂掉一般,这些感情最终还是需要我们去处理的。

　　1A.mind 　B.admit

　　C.remember D.realize

　　答案:D

　　解析:此处指尽管猫没有意识到这一点,但是它的身体会发生一系列的变化,准备采取行动。四个选项中只有D项符合文意。

　　2.A.save B.help

　　C.hide D.defend

　　答案:D

　　解析:根据下文中的“We,too,get ready to defend ourselves”可知当猫受到惊吓的时候,它会自卫或跑开。故选D项。A、B、C项在文中没有信息支持,故排除。

　　3.A.Truly B.Frequently

　　C.Differently D.Similarly

　　答案:D

　　解析:这里是由猫这个话题转移到人的身上,由后文中的“when people are excited,angry,scared,or aroused by other emotions,our bodies also go through...”可知,这里是说人也有类似于猫的变化,所以用similarly。A项和B项不能正确承接上下文,故排除;C项和所要表达的意思完全相反,故排除C项。选D项。

　　4.A.physical B.chemical

　　C.health D.ill

　　答案:A

　　解析:由下文中的“Our hearts beat faster,and our muscles get tense.”可知这些变化是“身体上的物理变化”,而不是“化学上的”,故排除B项;这些变化也不涉及“健康”问题,故排除C项;这些身体上的变化也不是“坏的”,故排除D项。选A项。

　　5.A.or B.and

　　C.but D.yet

　　答案:A

　　解析:根据上文“or it will run away as fast as it can”可知,当人受到惊吓的时候也会准备自卫或跑开,故选A项,表示选择关系。and表示并列关系,but和yet多表示转折,这些都不符合文章的逻辑关系,故排除B、C、D项。

　　6.A.therefore B.but

　　C.however D.besides

　　答案:C

　　解析:前面是将人和猫的相似性进行描述,而这里话锋一转,开始阐述人和猫的不同之处,所以可推知这里用转折关系,故排除A项和D项。but也表示转折,但是位置不对,故排除B项,选C项。

　　7.A.take off B.take on

　　C.take up D.take over

　　答案:D

　　解析:take off “脱衣服,起飞”;take on“呈现,穿衣服”;take over“接管”;take up“从事,占据”。根据下文“we can get into trouble.Have you ever said something in anger,or hit somebody and regretted it later?”可知,如果我们屈服于自己的感受,让自己的感受支配自己,我们就会陷入困境。四个选项中,只有D项符合文意。

　　8.A.hoped B.wished

　　C.blamed D.shared

　　答案:B

　　解析:此处wish表示虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,此句意思是“多希望这些没有说出口啊!”C项和D项不符合文意,A项不符合语法规则,故选B项。

　　9.A.useful B.right

　　C.wise D.easy

　　答案:C

　　解析:根据上文“Have you ever shouted at a teacher,told someone you were lonely...later you had kept your mouth shut?”可知,做过的事会时常后悔,说明自由表达自己的感受并不是很“明智的”,这些事并不能说“正确”或“错误”,故排除B项;A项和D项明显不符合文意,故排除。选C项。

　　10.A.handle B.hurt

　　C.prevent D.hide

　　答案:D

　　解析:下文提示法。根据下文中的“...feelings of anger,sadness,and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside...”可知,此处指将内心的感受埋在心底是不是更英明的选择呢?故选D项。其他选项在文中没有信息提示,故排除A、B、C项。

　　11.A.find B.keep

　　C.control D.let

　　答案:B

　　解析:根据下文“Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside,don’t just...”可知是把感受保留在心底。此处keep的意思是“保持,保留”,故选择B项。A项和D项明显不符合文意;如果用control则和后面的inside搭配不当,故排除C项。

　　12.A.tense B.relaxed

　　C.same D.different

　　答案:A

　　解析:上文提示法。根据上文中的“when people are excited,angry,scared,or aroused by other emotions...and our muscles get tense.”可推断,将自己不好的情绪埋藏在心底,身体会变得紧张而最终导致生病,故选A项。B项不符合常识;C项和D项放在文中会让整个句子的意思莫名其妙,故排除。

　　13.A.harmful B.good

　　C.helpful D.useful

　　答案:A

　　解析:根据上文中的“Physical illnesses can develop.”可知,既然身体会生病,那么这自然不是对身体“有好处”、“有帮助”或“有用处”,而是对身体“有害处”,故排除B、C、D项,选A项。

　　14.A.go on B.go away

　　C.go up D.go out

　　答案:B

　　解析:go on“继续”;go away“离开”;go up“增长、上升”;go out“出去”。此处指埋藏在自己心底的感受不会向外宣泄。分析四个选项只有B项更贴近题意。

　　15.A.long before B.as usual

　　C.right away D.before long

　　答案:D

　　解析:long before“很早以前”;as usual “像往常一样”;right away“立刻”;before long“不久以后”。据下文“And if you opened the cupboard...They’d be rotten.”可知,你把香蕉放在厨子里,不久你就会闻到气味,因为它们坏掉了。A项和B项明显不符合文意;香蕉不可能马上坏掉,故C项不符合生活常识。选D项。

　　16.A.meet B.observe

　　C.see D.catch

　　答案:C

　　解析:果蝇盘旋在上面,这应当是用眼睛看到的,故排除A项和D项。果蝇是很容易看见的,不需要刻意去“观察”,故排除B项,选C项。

　　17.A.just as B.as if

　　C.just after D.even though

　　答案:B

　　解析:根据上文“It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard.”可知,对待感受就像对待香蕉一样。这里是把香蕉比作感情,所以用“好像”,四个选项中,只有B项具有此意。

　　18.A.expect B.pretend

　　C.decide D.assume

　　答案:B

　　解析:事实上,它们就存在于那里,所以想要它们不存在,只能是“假装”,此处指你可以假装它们不存在, 但是它们还在那儿。四个选项中,只有B项符合文意。

　　19.A.around B.in

　　C.over D.beyond

　　答案:A

　　解析:你假装它们不存在,但是它们依然还在那儿,并不是看不见它们就不存在,永远消失了。四个选项中,只有A项用在文中意思才通顺,故排除B、C、D项,选A项。

　　20.A.deal with B.eat up

　　C.throw away D.send out

　　答案:A

　　解析:上文提到了时间久了香蕉烂了,所以需要去“处理”,香蕉如此,感情也一样。B项和D项明显不符合作者的意思,很容易排除掉。但是C项很容易误选,但香蕉可以“扔掉”,而感情不能,故排除C项,选A项。

　　三、阅读理解

　　1.(2017浙江,B)

　　Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.

　　In Brazil

　　Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible,with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe,be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social,preferring face-to-face communication over emails or phone calls.

　　In Singapore

　　Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small,polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency (效率) is the goal,so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions,even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example,people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.

　　In the United Arab Emirates

　　In the UAE,status is important,so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So do not pull away from the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes,but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are one-to-one,if your host offers you coffee,you should refuse.It might seem odd,but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.

　　In Switzerland

　　The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality(守时)is vital,something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higher-ups make the final decisions,even if others might disagree.Neat,clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.

　　【语篇导读】不同的民族、不同的国家,风俗习惯各异。本文为我们展示了世界上四个有代表性的国家的不同的风俗习惯和社交礼仪,为我们同外宾进行商业往来提供了有益的借鉴。

　　1The passage is mainly about 　. 

　　A.communication types

　　B.the workplace atmosphere

　　C.customs and social manners

　　D.living conditions and standards.

　　答案:C

　　解析:主旨大意题。以四个具有代表性的国家为例,介绍了他们的风俗习惯和社交礼仪,故选C项,其他三项均偏离主题。

　　2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?

　　A.They put efficiency in the first place.

　　B.They dislike face-to-face communication.

　　C.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.

　　D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.

　　答案:D

　　解析:细节理解题。由小标题In Singapore下的第七、八、九句话可知:在新加坡等级森严,上级受到尊敬,这也决定了在会议中人们如何互动交流,例如,人们避免直率地反对他们的上级。故选D项。

　　3.In the UAE,when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?

　　A.When greeting seniors.

　　B.When meeting the host alone.

　　C.When attending a presentation.

　　D.When dining with business partners.

　　答案:B

　　解析:细节理解题。由小标题In the United Arab Emirates 下的“When meetings are one-to-one,if your host offers you coffee,you should refuse.”可知。

　　4.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?

　　A.In Brazil.

　　B.In Singapore.

　　C.In the United Arab Emirates.

　　D.In Switzerland.

　　答案:D

　　解析:细节理解题。由最后一段倒数第二、三句话可知:瑞士人遵守正式的餐桌礼仪。他们的手要放在餐桌上,肘部要离开桌面。故选D项。