2017届高考英语一轮专题突破解题策略课件：4 必修2 阅读理解之推理判断题（新人教版）

　　走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语

　　　第一部分　必修二

　　　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 专题突破解题策略(四) 必修二 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 推理判断题是阅读理解中层次较高、难度较大的题目。在一篇阅读理解中一般有1～3道该类题目，2015年各考区考查推理判断的题目约占阅读理解题目总数的30%左右。该类题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上根据文章提供的事实和线索通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等，从而得出文章中隐含的深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文逻辑关系等已知信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者明说的事实或情感，或者可能发生的事。做推理判断题要以文中的信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能过度推理。同时，考生应多了解国外文化与习俗，这有助于理解文章。 阅读理解之推理判断题 1.细节推断题的判断方法 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要抓住相关内容的关键信息(即某些关键词或词语)去分析、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出该信息所隐含的深层含义。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。 [典例1]　(2015·陕西高考·B) ... For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog back. A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy. The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry，” Steve Tregear said. “It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water，” he added. 52．What can we infer from the text? A．People like to travel with their pets. B．Judy was taken to the fields for hunting. C．Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival. D．Holden cared little where Judy was buried.

　　[解析]　C　文章介绍是叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。真是很幸运的事情。 根据文章最后一段的句子：It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.可知在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用。故选C。 [典例2]　(2015·天津高考C) ... I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held. 49．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author has become a successful writer. B．The author's mother read the same book. C．The author's mother rewarded him with books. D．The author has had happy summers ever since. [解析]　A　推理判断题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。根据最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。

　　2．预测推断题的判断方法 根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。对此类题，注意弄清作者的写作思路，决不能按自己的主观经验去推理。 [典例3]　(2015·天津高考B) ... Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal. 44．We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ________.

　　A．train employees B．be our workmates C．improve technologies D．take the place of workers [解析]　B　文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。根据最后一段Breazeal 的话“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。

　　3．文章来源或读者对象推断题的方法 考生要具备一定的常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本了解。这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案。

　　[解析]　A　主要讲述了Lake Lander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络，故选A项。 [典例5]　(2015·广东高考B) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”， I remember being even more upset then because, “I'm not a fish！” I didn't know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? ... When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long­term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 35．This passage most likely comes from ________. A．a fishing guide B．a popular sales book C．a novel on childhood D．a millionaire's biography [解析]　B　本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时，要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理，告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。根据It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“这不是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做”，故推断这是在教授大家如何去销售的书。故选B。 1.推理判断题必须要以把握全文为前提，不可以偏概全，断章取义，更不可用自己的观点代替作者的观点，所有推理必须有文章信息为依据，否则会做出错误选择。 2.正确选项与干扰项的特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推断出正确选项。 ②大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。

　　(2)干扰项的特点 ①颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。 ②照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。 ③推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。 ④无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。