2016届广东省天河区高考英语二轮语法复习精讲精练：阅读理解12

　　阅读理解精讲精炼12

　　54.

　　Durban — Canada Monday became the first country to pull out of the historic Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书), inescapably scarring the global anti­climate change efforts.

　　The Kyoto Protocol, which set different duties for all countries to cut emissions (排放), states that different countries should reduce their collective greenhouse emissions accordingly.

　　However, the United States refused to sign the protocol in 2001, and is the only developed country that has not agreed to sign it. The move has cast a shadow over the global community, and has made some other developed nations hesitate to cut their emissions. To add fuel to the fire, Canada, became the first to call it quits, with the deadline of the first commitment period (2008­2017) approaching.

　　The biggest concern at this moment is whether other developed countries would follow suit.

　　Over the past four years, a drama has unfolded among developed countries over the emissions cuts and offering support to their developing partners.

　　The Umbrella Group, consisting of Japan, Canada, Australia, the United States and other developed countries, hesitated and even backed away from their positions under certain excuses. The first one quoted by Canadian Environment Minister Peter Kent is that emission cuts damage the economy. Still another is requiring China and India to have the same duty of cutting emissions as developed countries.

　　Actually, if emissions in developed countries could fall to the levels in developing countries, it would greatly help the fight against global climate change.

　　In sum, any irresponsible action, in the anti­climate change campaign should be a cause for blame. It is widely hoped that the United States and Canada will see reason and join the rest of the world community in supporting the Kyoto Protocol.

　　16．Which of the following serves as the best title of the passage?

　　A．Canada Decides to Quit the Kyoto Protocol

　　B.

　　Canada and the US Refuse to Cut Emissions

　　C.

　　Developed Countries Hesitating to Cut Emissions

　　D.

　　Developing Countries Supporting the Kyoto Protocol

　　17．According to the passage, ________ have refused to follow the Kyoto Protocol.

　　A.Canada and AustraliaB．Japan and Canada

　　C.the US and Canada

　　D．China and India

　　18. People now are most worried ________.

　　A．whether the US and Canada will return to the negotiation table

　　B．whether developing countries will refuse to cut emissions

　　C．whether China and India will carry the same duty as Canada

　　D．whether more developed countries will do the same as Canada

　　【要点综述】这是一篇资讯报道。在美国拒绝签署《京都议定书》之后，加拿大也率先退出了，这两个发达国家在全球变暖的趋势下，却远离了为解决全球变暖而商定的《京都议定书》。16．B　主旨大意题。文章向我们报道了加拿大和美国先后退出了为控制全球变暖，部分国家签订的关于节能减排的《京都议定书》，也就是B项所说的这两个国家拒绝减少温室气体的排放。

　　17．C　细节理解题。由前两段可以直接得出答案。

　　18．D　细节理解题。由第三段可知。

　　Beijing；(13, July)China sent up a new data relay satellite, Tianlian I­02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South­western Sichuan province. The new satellite will promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking (对接).

　　The satellite was launched on a Long­March­3C carrier rocket at 11：41 p．m., sources at the centre told Xinhua News Agency. The satellite separated from the rocket 26 minutes after its launch and was then successfully delivered into a geostationary transfer orbit (地球同步转移轨道)．

　　Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the satellite is the country's second data relay satellite. The first, Tianlian I ­01, was launched on April 25,2008.

　　The two satellites will form a network to improve communications between China's spacecraft and bases on Earth, according to the centre. They will also be used to help the nation's first space docking, scheduled for the second half of this year.

　　As planned, China will launch space module Tiangong­I , which was designed as a platform that will dock with an unmanned spaceship, Shenzhou, for the county's first space­docking mission this year.

　　Two more Shenzhou spaceships will dock with Tiangong­I next year, and one will be manned by two or three astronauts, according to China Manned Space Engineering Office, which was the main user of the Tianlian I series data relay satellites.

　　“The new satellite can cover a greater area to track and command the country's space vehicles in low­Earth orbits, such as manned spacecraft and remote sensing satellites, from a higher position in outer space. Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global communication network, and China has two now.” Pang Zhihao, a researcher and deputy editor­in­chief of Space International, said.

　　The satellite could also equip astronauts with real­time communications, which will benefit the county's future manned space flights, he said.

　　21．What is the main purpose to send up Tianlian I ­02 ?

　　A.To test the function of a Long­March­3C carrier rocket.

　　B.To carry some astronauts into space to do some research.

　　C.To send more information and clearer pictures to mobile phones on the earth.

　　D.To promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking.

　　22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the news report?

　　A.Shenzhou Ⅷ is a manned spaceship.

　　B.Tiangong­I will dock with three Shenzhou spaceships next year.

　　C.The satellite is of great importance to China's space exploration.

　　D.China's first space docking will be done in the second half of next year.

　　23. The best title of the passage could be ________.

　　A.China Launched a New Space Shuttle

　　B.China's Plan for Space Exploration

　　C.China's Progress in China's Space Exploration

　　D.New Satellite Helps China's Space Exploration

　　【要点综述】“天链一号”发射成功，中国的航天取得令世人瞩目的成绩，多颗卫星的发射使得中国的太空探索如虎添翼。

　　21．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“The new satellite will promote the country' s satellite communication network for space docking (对接)．”可知答案。

　　22．C　推理判断题。A，B和D为错误叙述，与事实不符合。文章着重强调该卫星的重要性。

　　23．D　主旨大意题。全文阐述新卫星对中国太空事业发展的影响，最后一段更是揭示了这一主题。

　　The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.

　　Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

　　Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks－both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

　　In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.

　　Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind's_eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot (发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.

　　“In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”

　　46. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

　　A. The absence of blackboards in classrooms.

　　B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

　　C. The lack of practice in handwriting.

　　D. The popular use of smartphones.

　　47. Berninger's study published in 2009 ________.

　　A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer

　　B. indicated that students prefer to

　　write with a pen and paper

　　C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences

　　D. discussed the importance of writing speed

　　48. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

　　A. Spelling improves one's memory of words.

　　B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

　　C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

　　D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

　　49. What does “mind's eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?

　　A. Window.

　　B. Soul.

　　C. Picture.

　　D. Imagination.

　　50. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

　　A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

　　B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

　　C. Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.

　　D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

　　【要点综述】随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们忽视。但是Virginia Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地。

　　46. B　信息理解题。根据第一段中的 “With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic skill”可知答案。

　　47. A　信息理解题。根据第三段可知答案。

　　48. B　信息理解题。根据第四段可知答案。

　　49. D　词义猜测题。根据第五段可知答案。

　　50. C　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段最后一句可知答案。

　　56

　　In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.

　　Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX.“Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.

　　MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.

　　The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.

　　MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open­source edX platform.

　　“Fasten_your_seatbelts，” Hockfield said.

　　Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie­Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.

　　The Harvard­MIT program will be monitored by a not­for­profit(非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $ 30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.

　　53. According to this text, edX is ________.

　　A．a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare

　　B．a free computer program by MIT and Harvard

　　C．a Harvard­MIT platform of free online courses

　　D．a free program online for universities worldwide

　　54. What is said about online education in the text?

　　A．Universities have been trying online courses.

　　B．About 2,000 online courses have been offered.

　　C．Over 100 million people have finished courses online.

　　D．Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.

　　55. The underlined part in the text probably means“________”．

　　A．Get ready for the difficulties

　　B．Get ready for this educational change

　　C．Get prepared to complete the online courses

　　D．Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses

　　56. What can be said about MITx according to the text?

　　A．It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.

　　B．It is another free MIT­Harvard online learning program.

　　C．It is a standard to recognize online learners’ achievement.

　　D．It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.

　　【要点综述】本文为资讯报道类文体。文章报道了Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程的事情。

　　53. C　细节理解题。根据第一段提到的Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程及第二段“a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX”可知edX是这两所大学联手打造的一个免费授课的网络平台。故答案选C。

　　54. A　推理判断题。B项应是2,000 classes；C项应是100多万人使用，而不是完成了课程；D项文中没有谈到它们的课程是否相似。根据倒数第二段“Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie­Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.”可知答案选A。

　　55. B　句意理解题。此句的字面意思为“系好安全带”。结合文章的意思可知是为这些大学在网上开设免费课程这一教育变革做好准备。故答案为B。

　　56. C　细节理解题。根据第三段“In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses.”可知MITx是承认修完课程的证书。故答案选C。

　　57.

　　What brings a nation together? Of the four choices—shared values, language, history, and religion, it's shared values. In our latest poll(民意调查)，seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor(因素)bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked. Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second­most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice.

　　Respect your elders

　　In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old.

　　Do you speak Canadian?

　　Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English.

　　Church and state

　　Most people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride. Religion ranked last in 13 countries—with France scoring it at 1%, the lowest of all.

　　46．According to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together?

　　A．Language.

　　B．Values.

　　C．History.

　　D．Religion.

　　47．In which country did language score the lowest in their national pride?

　　A．Canada.

　　B．Mexico.

　　C．France.

　　D．America.

　　48．According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in ________.

　　A．Australia

　　B．Brazil

　　C．China

　　D．India

　　【要点综述】一项最新的调查表明：使得一个民族更有凝聚力的因素很多，但最主要的是相同的价值取向。

　　46．B　事实细节题。根据第一段中的In our latest poll, seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together…可知选B。

　　47．A　事实细节题。由Do you speak Canadian？一段可知本题选A。

　　48．D　推理判断题。根据图表数据可以看出India对于价值取向和语言看得一样重要，故本题选D。

　　58.

　　ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia—One of the world's most famous fossils(化石)—the 3.2 million­year­old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974—will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.

　　Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U．S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.

　　“Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world，” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.

　　The six­year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U．S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out.

　　Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.

　　Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3 1/2­foot­tall ape­man(猿人)．

　　53．The author writes this text mainly to ________.

　　A．introduce a few U．S. museums

　　B．describe some research work

　　C．discuss the value of an ape­man

　　D．report a coming event

　　54．What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．A painting of the skeleton.

　　B．A photograph of Lucy.

　　C．A copy of the skeleton.

　　D．A written record of Lucy.

　　55．How many cities has Lucy's U．S. tour plan already included?

　　A．Four.B．Five.C．Six.D．Eleven.

　　56．What was the skeleton named after?

　　A．An ape­man.

　　B．A song.

　　C．A singer.

　　D．A camp.

　　【要点综述】本文主要介绍了科学家1974年在埃塞俄比亚发现的露西化石，露西生活的年代是320万年之前，是目前世界上最重要的古人类化石之一。而这个化石将在美国一些城市进行展览。

　　53. D　作者意图题。 根据第一段的“ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia…will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.”可知这是一篇资讯报道，报道即将发生的事情，因此选D。A“介绍美国的几家博物馆”；B“介绍几项研究工作”；C“讨论猿人的价值”；均与作者的意图不符。

　　54. C　指代题。结合第二段的“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”中的real，可知这个词的含义是“复制品”。A“骨骼的绘画”；B“露西的照片”；D“露西的书面记录”，均与上下文语境不符。

　　55. B　推理判断题。从文章的“The six­year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago.”提到了四个城市，再结合前面的“…which will start in Houston next September.”可知是五个城市。56. B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话“Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery”可知露西的名字来源于一首披头士乐队的歌曲，故选B。A“猿人”；C“歌手”；D“营地”；均与原文信息不符。

　　59

　　What Would You Want Most on a Desert Island?

　　This month's survey shows people worldwide have a natural understanding of what they would need most if left alone on a desert island: Another person. And one they know well.Respondents (调查对象) in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse (配偶) or partner would be their first choice to have with them. Perhaps this makes sense: An MP3 player can't help you find drinking water, your dog can't help you start a fire and who knows if George Clooney or Penelope Cruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training? Let's just hope the SOS sign you two build gets spotted sooner rather than later!

　　“My husband, of course！George Clooney wouldn't think I'm as pretty as my husband does！”

　　Roseane, 42, Brazil“My MP3 player. I would not want my loved ones, including my pet, to be left alone like this.”

　　Co­Co, 28, China“My partner should be there to listen to me complain about the fact that we are left alone on an island—probably due to some error he made.”

　　Julia,25，JordanSpouse/Partner

　　82% of the South African women surveyed would most want their husband/partner with them, while just 45% of the Indian women surveyed agreed.

　　Clooney/Cruz

　　27% of Russian men surveyed would want a celebrity (名人) along. Only 2% of the Mexican men agreed. Less than 18% of women worldwide chose this option.

　　MP3 Player

　　This was second choice overall, particularly among Malaysian men, with 32% saying they'd most want an MP3 player with their favorite songs. Just 5% each of Australian and American men agreed.

　　Dog

　　In France, 28% of respondents older than 45 would most want to be left alone with their dog, while not a single Russian or Malaysian in that age group surveyed would most want Fido along.56. According to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their________.

　　A. MP3 player

　　B. dog

　　C. spouse / partner

　　D. celebrity

　　57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?

　　A. He has been trained in wilderness survival.

　　B. He may not be able to help you survive.

　　C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful.

　　D. He is the choice of most South African women.

　　58. The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents'________.

　　A. sex, age and nationality

　　B. race, nationality and sex

　　C. marriage, age and race

　　D. age, sex and marriage

　　【要点综述】如果你一个人独自留在一个孤岛上，此时你最需要什么？文章对此进行了问卷调查。

　　56. C　信息理解题。根据第一段第三句“Respondents in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse or partner would be their first choice to have with them.”可知配偶或搭档是首选。

　　57. B　是非判断题。根据第一段第四句“…and who knows if George Clooney or Penelope Cruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training？”可推知此处表示“谁知道George Clooney和Penelope Cruz是否参加了野外逃生训练课程”，即他们或许不能帮助逃生，故选B。

　　58. A　信息理解题。根据最后四段中的一些数据和关键词“the South African women, the Indian women, Russian men, the Mexican men, older than 45”等都可以看出是从性别、年龄、国籍这三个方面来调查的，故A项正确。