2016届高考英语二轮课后检测：14 Unit2 the environment（牛津译林版）

　　课后达标检测14　Unit 2　The environment

　　(建议用时：70分钟)

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．(2015·长沙模拟)The boss showed his________ of Tom’s hard work in the company by raising his pay to $5,000 a month.

　　A．distinction B．promotion

　　C．appreciation

　　D．reservation

　　2．(2015·江苏启东中学高三检测)The detective，________ to be reading a newspaper，glanced at the man ________ next to a woman.

　　A．pretending；seated

　　B．pretended；seated

　　C．pretending；seat

　　D．pretended；seating

　　3．(2015·江苏启东中学考前辅导)Scientists have created the world’s smallest “snowman”，________about a fifth of the width of a human hair.

　　A．measures

　　B．measuring

　　C．measured

　　D．to measure

　　4．At last，the boys found themselves ________ in a pleasant park with trees providing shade.

　　A．to sit

　　B．sat

　　C．sitting

　　D．having sat

　　5．(2015·江苏南京高三调研)The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages________ the economic crisis.

　　A．by means of

　　B．in defence of

　　C．in reaction to

　　D．with regard to

　　6．I would appreciate________，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.

　　A．you

　　B．this

　　C．it

　　D．myself

　　7．(2017·高考陕西卷)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has________.

　　A．cut out

　　B．cut down

　　C．cut up

　　D．cut off

　　8．My money ________.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.

　　A．has run out

　　B．is running out

　　C．has been run out

　　D．is being running out

　　9．He stood up，________ a cigarette and left the room.

　　A．lighting

　　B．lighted

　　C．to light

　　D．lit

　　10．She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too ________ about her job.

　　A．special

　　B．responsible

　　C．unusual

　　D．particular

　　11．(2015·衡阳质检)With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.

　　A．is washing away

　　B．is being washed away

　　C．are washing away

　　D．are being washed away

　　12．She and her roommate silently warred over matters ________from when the lights should be turned off to how the furniture should be arranged.

　　A．ranging

　　B．exchanging

　　C．transforming

　　D．varying

　　13．________ Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job，but you will learn a lot from it.

　　A．Comparing

　　B．Compared

　　C．Having compared

　　D．Compare

　　14．________ for several times，Linda made up her mind not________ for school.

　　A．Being scolded；late

　　B．To have been scolded；being late

　　C．To be scolded；be late

　　D．Having been scolded；to be late

　　15．—Well，you’d better buy that shirt.Brown and black don’t go together.

　　—________ I wear it with another shirt?

　　A．How do you like

　　B．Do you mean

　　C．What if

　　D．How aboutⅡ.完形填空

　　(2015·常德模拟)A friend and I decided to go for a vegetarian dinner today. We went to a nearby restaurant run by a beautiful lady, who is really __1__ and kind. We ordered our food, which turned out to be delicious, and we enjoyed our __2__ so much. We were satisfied to eat simple, nutritious food cooked with care and love.

　　__3__， there happened to be some smile cards in my bag and one greeting card, so we decided that this was a great opportunity to be __4__ to someone else too. We had a pleasant chat with one of the lovely people who __5__ us, and we pointed to the couple sitting at the next table, and told him that we __6__ to pay their bill. He agreed, and my friend wrote out a beautiful __7__ for them, and we attached a smile card as well. We finished our meal, and both our bill and their bill were given to us, and we __8__ the money and left. They were to receive the card in place of the bill.

　　We walked out of the __9__， and my friend wanted to see their reaction without getting noted. So, we hid from view, and watched as they were __10__ with so much joy, and that just made our day. We hugged each other in gratitude, for having each other.

　　We later __11__ that the couple were both software engineers and had experienced a busy day! Our small act of kindness made them feel __12__. We couldn’t stop smiling. It was a special way to end a long day.

　　1.A.prettyB．warm

　　C．quiet

　　D．strong

　　2．A.drink

　　B．company

　　C．meal

　　D．time

　　3．A.Hopefully

　　B．Certainly

　　C．However

　　D．Fortunately

　　4．A.close

　　B．polite

　　C．kind

　　D．cruel

　　5．A.protected

　　B．noticed

　　C．helped

　　D．served

　　6．A.hesitated

　　B．failed

　　C．wanted

　　D．refused

　　7．A.cardB．letter

　　C．e－mail

　　D．check

　　8．A.counted

　　B．paid

　　C．kept

　　D．received

　　9．A.restaurant

　　B．park

　　C．cinema

　　D．office

　　10．A.shouting

　　B．smiling

　　C．jumping

　　D．standing

　　11．A.found out

　　B．worked out

　　C．brought out

　　D．picked out

　　12．A.embarrassed

　　B．worried

　　C．angry

　　D．specialⅢ.语法填空

　　(2015·株洲模拟)Perhaps eager drivers will think twice about running red lights when faced with a giant robot that can give them a ticket. Two new traffic robots 1.____________ the Democratic Republic of the Congo are doing just that.

　　2．____________ of the two solar－powered robots were created by engineers from the Kinshasa Higher Institute of Applied Technique. They were recently placed at 3.____________ busy intersection (十字路口) in the capital city. While they might look funny, the robots mean business.They direct traffic 4.____________ they’re equipped with four cameras that record traffic flow and they have a system to send the information to a center 5.____________ it’s analyzed for violations (违反)．

　　“If a driver says that he’s not going to respect the robot 6.____________ it’s just a machine, the robot is going to take that and there will be a ticket for him，” Isaie Therese, the engineer 7.____________ invented the robot said.

　　While drivers seem to respect the robots 8.____________ than human policemen, the robots still have limitations. Unlike humans, they can’t pursue criminals on foot.

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·湘潭模拟)Many people are already planning to look for a new position when the job market picks up，but the way you quit can have a long term impact on your career.How to resign on good terms：

　　Be prepared.

　　Review your employee handbook or employment contract before announcing your decision，so you know what company policy is regarding resignations，severance，the return of company property and pay for unused vacation time.If you have another job lined up，be sure to have your offer in writing before you resign.

　　Use it or lose it.

　　If you haven’t used vacation time and will lose it if you quit，you might want to use your time before leaving or link it to your resignation date.But if you don’t want to burn any bridges，never announce your departure just after returning from vacation.

　　Make an appointment.

　　Be formal and make an appointment with your boss.Prepare what you want to say.Be direct and be transparent.After the discussion，put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your last day and any transitional help you’ve offered.Keep a copy.Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if you’ve worked at the company for more than five years.You also need to be prepared to leave right away—some companies require it.

　　Scrub your digital footprint.

　　Clear your browser cache，remove passwords to Web sites you use from work，such as your personal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer that aren’t relevant to work.Don’t delete anything work related if you’re required to keep it.

　　Stay close.

　　Consider joining an employee alumni association，which often serves as a networking group for former employees.It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry and find leads to new jobs down the road.Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; they may end up in management roles.

　　1．How many ways of resigning are mentioned in the passage?

　　A．Three.B．Four.

　　C．Five.

　　D．Six.

　　2．You should notice the firm ________ in advance if you’ve worked there for six years.

　　A．more than two weeks

　　B．less than two weeks

　　C．only two weeks

　　D．only one moment

　　3．What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?

　　A．You want to take vacation.

　　B．You don’t want to be fined.

　　C．You want to leave room for necessity.

　　D．You don’t want to continue to work here.

　　4．Which of the following is suggested in the passage?

　　A．You can resign without hesitation if you don’t like your job.

　　B．You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation.

　　C．You’d better keep in touch with your coworkers after resignation.

　　D．You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign.

　　5．Which is the best title for this passage?

　　A．How to Apply for a New Job

　　B．How to Say Goodbye to a Job

　　C．How to Prepare for a New Job

　　D．How to Get on with Your Coworkers

　　B

　　(2015·娄底高三调研)The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management，the more they seem to want to talk about things_formerly_judged_to_be_best_left_unsaid.The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye，in the process sometimes forming critical analyses of the factors that influence everyone’s experience in the organization.

　　Consider the new views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of how people get promoted.Coleman is black.He spent 11 years with IBM，half of them working in management development，and now serves as a consultant in some big companies like AT&T and Coca－Cola.Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies，he considers the different roles of the following elements in the long－term success：Performance counts a mere 10%，image,30%; and exposure，a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may increase your pay，it won’t ensure you the big promotion.He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work，and what a high position these people hold.

　　Ridiculous beliefs? But they are not ridiculous to many people，especially many women and members of minority races who，like Coleman，feel that they have a better picture of the reality.“Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs，”says Kaleel Jamison，a New York－based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues.“They think that if you work hard，you’ll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.”She adds，“Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve got ahead because of their sex or color that they try to make themselves less visible.”Her advice to those folks：Learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way to stand out among the people.

　　6．The best title for this passage would be ________.

　　A．Role of Women and Minorities in Management

　　B．The Importance of Being Visible

　　C．Job Performance and Advancement

　　D．Sex and Career Success

　　7．According to the passage，the underlined sentence “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” in the first paragraph probably refers to ________.

　　A．criticisms that cause everyone’s experience

　　B．the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye

　　C．the opinions which are in conflict with the established beliefs

　　D．the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

　　8．We can learn from the passage that the most important factor to achieve success in one’s career is to ________.

　　A．let your bosses know how good you are

　　B．establish a favorable image to the people around you

　　C．work as a consultant to your bosses

　　D．well perform your tasks given by your bosses

　　9．The reason why women and blacks make themselves less visible is that they ________.

　　A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion

　　B．want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs

　　C．believe they can get promoted by their sex or color

　　D．don’t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color

　　10．In the author’s opinion，Coleman’s beliefs are ______.

　　A．one－sided

　　B．popular

　　C．special

　　D．shallow

　　Ⅴ.阅读填空

　　(2015·长沙高三模拟)Have you had difficulty communicating an idea in the past? Is it an easy task to talk with others? Most people would agree that communication between two individuals should be simple.It’s important to remember that talking and communicating are different.When you communicate，you are successful in getting your point across.When you talk，you tend to build barriers that hinder communication.Here are some of the barriers to effective communication.

　　Physical barriers are easy to spot.Doors that are closed，walls that are built，and distance between people all work against the effective communication.While most agree that people need their own personal areas in the workplace，setting up an office to remove physical barriers is the first step to open communication.

　　Perceptual(感知的)barriers are internal.If you go into a situation where the person you are talking to isn’t interested in what you have to say，you may end up subconsciously abandoning your effort to make your point.

　　Different cultures can hold back the development of communication if two different cultures conflict.In these cases，it is important to find common ground to work from.

　　Language barriers seem natural，but there are often hidden language barriers.If you work in an industry that is heavy on technical terms，you should avoid these words when speaking with laypersons(外行)in your field.

　　Gender barriers have become less of an issue in recent years，but it is still possible for a man to misunderstand the words of a woman，or vice versa.Men and women tend to form their thoughts differently，and this must be taken into account when communicating.

　　Communication is not a one－way street.By overcoming these barriers，you can ensure that the statement you are making can be heard and understood by the person you are speaking with.In this way，you can be confident that your point has been expressed.

　　Title：Barriers to 1.____________

　　2.____________between talking and communicating 3.____________ in letting others know your point when communicating

　　Being likely to make communication

　　4.____________ when talking

　　5.____________

　　Physical

　　6.____________ an office to remove physical barriers is the first step to open communication

　　Perceptual The one’s showing little interest in your words meaning an end to the communication

　　7.____________ Finding no common ground to deal with the situation in two culture conflict

　　Language

　　Avoiding using the 8.____________ when communicating with laypersons in your field

　　Gender Different ways of thinking causing 9.____________ between men and women

　　10.____________ ●Being determined to overcome the barriers

　　●Communicating effectively

　　Ⅵ.阅读简答

　　(2015·湘中名校高三大联考)A vast dust storm that blew in from the deserts of Australia’s red centre has blanketed the country’s largest city and eastern coast in a red fog，causing widespread traffic chaos and severe flight delays.

　　Residents from Sydney in New South Wales to Canberra inland and towns in southern Queensland awoke to a red sky and greatly reduced visibility after the country’s worst dust storm in 70 years blew in overnight.The Sydney Harbor Bridge and Opera House were covered in the red fog and hundreds of people were reported to have breathing problems.Children，the elderly and those suffering from asthma (哮喘) or heart or lung diseases were advised to stay indoors，as even healthy adults reported “itchy throats” and a metallic aftertaste in their mouths after walking through the thick fog.

　　Commuters used face masks，originally intended to protect them from the spread of swine flu，to hurry across the blocked streets on their way to work.Some schools were closed and sports activities were called off as the conditions pushed air pollution levels to 1,500 times their normal levels—the highest on record.

　　Passengers at the busy Sydney Airport faced delays of up to six hours for international flights and three hours for domestic trips，and even some international flights were cancelled as visibility was reduced to just a few feet.

　　Locals，phoning radio stations to express their shock at the red dawn.“It’s like a nuclear winter morning，” tourist Peter Wilson told Daily Telegraph，“It is so terrible.” adding that when he awoke the sky was “bright red” and “all the cars were covered in dirt”．

　　The dust hanging over Sydney had largely cleared by midafternoon，although national carrier Qantas said severe delays would last all day because of direction－changed and late－running flights.

　　The sand storm，which measured more than 310 miles wide and 620 miles long，was caused by dust clouds blowing east from Australia’s dry places，which has been attacked by the worst drought on record.It covered dozens of towns and cities in two states as strong winds swept away tons of topsoil threw it high into the sky and carried it hundreds of miles.

　　1．What was the face mask originally intended for？(No more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．When did most residents of Sydney discover the vast storm？(No more than 3 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What do you think the underlined word “Qantas” is？(No more than 3 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？(No more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　课后达标检测14

　　.单项填空

　　1．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意：老板通过将Tom的月薪提升到5 000美元来表示对他的赏识。appreciation“欣赏，赏识”，符合句意，故答案为C项。

　　2．解析：选A。第一空是现在分词作非限制性定语，修饰the detective，二者之间构成主动关系，所以用现在分词；第二空是过去分词作定语，修饰the man，seat“使……就座”，所以用其过去分词形式。

　　3．解析：选B。measure作“量度达……”是不及物动词，和被修饰词snowman之间构成主动关系，所以选measuring作定语。

　　4．解析：选C。考查现在分词作宾补，宾语themselves和sit之间构成主动关系，且强调进行，所以用其现在分词形式。

　　5．解析：选C。in reaction to “作为对……的反应”；符合句意“大部分老板都正在打算降工资来应对经济危机”。

　　6．解析：选C。考查代词。此处it作形式宾语，代替后面的“if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank为插入语。

　　7．解析：选B。cut out裁剪，戒掉；cut down削减，压缩，缩减；cut up切碎，切开；cut off 切断，隔断，断绝。由语境My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking可知说话者的叔叔并没有“戒掉”吸烟，从后面的but at least的转折可以得知“他减少了吸烟的量”。因此该题的正确答案为B。题干的意思是：“我叔叔虽然没能戒掉吸烟，但是至少他吸得少了。”

　　8．解析：选B。句意：我的钱快用光了，在用完之前我得去银行取一些。run out不及物，不能用于被动语态。

　　9．解析：选D。这里表现的是三个连续的动作，所以动词都用过去式形式，“点燃”用作谓语时，过去式通常是lit，lighted通常做定语。

　　10．解析：选D。 句意：她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。be particular about “对……挑剔”，是固定搭配。

　　11．解析：选D。本题考查了两个知识点。其一是主谓一致：根据quantity的用法，quantities of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词与quantities保持一致，故谓语动词要用复数形式。排除了A、B两个选项；其二考查了语态，土壤是被冲走的，故选择D项。

　　12．解析：选A。句意：她因许多事情而与室友暗地里不和，诸如什么时候熄灯啦，家具应如何摆放啦，等等。vary“变化”；range“(在一定范围内) 变动，变化”；exchange“交换”；transform“变换，转换”。

　　13．解析：选A。句意：比较中国文化与外国文化是一项具有挑战性的工作，但是你能从中学到很多东西。分析句子结构可发现is之前的内容是句子的主语，应该采用动名词结构，故选择A。

　　14．解析：选D。考查现在分词和动词不定式的用法。scold与Linda之间为被动关系，且scold的动作发生在made up her mind之前，故要用现在分词完成式的被动结构，在句中作状语。make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”。

　　15．解析：选C。答句句意：我把它和另一件衬衣配在一起穿怎么样？

　　.完形填空

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友去饭店吃饭，老板用爱心为他们做了一顿可口的饭菜，为了回报和传递这种爱心，作者和朋友为一对夫妇付了饭钱，并为他们送去了问候卡。

　　1．解析：选B。pretty“漂亮的”；warm“友好的”；quiet“安静的”；strong“强壮的”。由“who is really ________ and kind”中的“and”可知，空处应选一个与kind并列的形容词，而pretty与上句的beautiful重复，因此填warm。

　　2．解析：选C。我们非常喜欢这顿饭(meal)。由上文的“dinner”“restaurant”都可看出作者他们是去吃饭。

　　3．解析：选D。由空后的“there happened to be some smile cards in my bag and one greeting card”可知，作者他们觉得很幸运(Fortunately)。

　　4．解析：选C。由下面作者和朋友的行为可知，这是一种善举，故选kind。

　　5．解析：选D。此处指向作者他们“提供服务”的人。

　　6．解析：选C。hesitate“(对某事)犹豫”；fail“失败”；want“想要”；refuse“拒绝”。作者他们想要为那对夫妇付这顿饭的费用，所以填wanted。

　　7．解析：选A。由上文提到的“greeting card”可知，朋友为他们写了一张问候卡(card)。

　　8．解析：选B。我们付完(paid)钱，并离开了。

　　9．解析：选A。结合第一段中的“We went to a nearby restaurant”可知，此处表示吃完饭后作者他们走出饭店(restaurant)。

　　10．解析：选B。作者和朋友躲在一边，看着他们高兴地笑起来(smiling)。由“with so much joy”中的“joy”可知他们很开心，所以他们笑了起来。

　　11．解析：选A。find out“查明”；work out“计算出”；bring out“出版，生产”；pick out“认出来”。作者他们后来发现那对夫妇都是软件工程师，而且忙碌了一天。所以选find out。

　　12．解析：选D。embarrassed“尴尬的”；worried“担心的”；angry“生气的”；special“特别的”。由上文可知这对夫妇已经忙碌了一天，所以我们小小的善举让他们感觉很特别(special)。

　　.语法填空

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。在刚果首都的一处繁忙的十字路口，两个机器人交警正在忙于指挥交通。

　　1．解析：此处表地点状语，应用介词in。

　　答案：in

　　2．解析：前面提到是两个机器人，故用代词both。

　　答案：Both

　　3．解析：此处用不定冠词表泛指。

　　答案：a

　　4．解析：空处前后缺少并列连词，故用and表顺承关系。

　　答案：and

　　5．解析：此处where引导定语从句，相当于in which。

　　答案：where

　　6．解析：空处引导原因状语从句，故填because。

　　答案：because

　　7．解析：空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the engineer，且在句中作主语，故用who/that。

　　答案：who/that

　　8．解析：根据空后的“than”可知，这是一个比较状语从句，应用副词的比较级形式。

　　答案：more

　　.阅读理解

　　A

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要对如何离职提供了几点有效的建议。

　　1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据“Be prepared.”，“Use it or lose it.”，“Make an appointment.”，“Scrub your digital footprint.”以及“Stay close.”可知，文中一共提出了五个离职建议。故选C项。

　　2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三个建议“Make an appointment.”中的“Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if you’ve worked at the company for more than five years.”可知，专家建议，如果在公司工作超过五年，你最好提前两个多星期通知公司你要离职。故选A项。

　　3．解析：选C。句意理解题。根据上文和下文“never announce your departure just after returning from vacation”可推知，如果你想给自己留条后路，就不要休了假然后回来就马上宣布辞职。故选C项。

　　4．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一个建议“Stay close.”中的内容可知，离职后，最好跟以前的同事保持联系，因为他们日后有可能会跻身管理层。故选C项。

　　5．解析：选B。标题概括题。纵观全文可知，文章主要对如何离职提出了几条建议。故选B项。

　　B

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章从越来越多的妇女和少数民族加入管理层这一现象入手，分析了职业成功中各种因素所占比重，指出职业成功中最重要的因素是使自己和自己的工作被别人知道。

　　6．解析：选B。标题概括题。根据文章第二段分析职业成功中各种因素所占的比重结果，即“Performance counts a mere 10%，image,30%；and exposure，a full 60%”可知，职业成功中最重要的因素是使自己和自己的工作被别人知道，由此结合最后一段的建议“Learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way to stand out among the people.”向白种人的男性学习他们曝光自己的方式可知，B项说法最能够概括文章的主题。故选B。

　　7．解析：选C。句意理解题。第一段指出，随着越来越多的妇女和少数民族进入管理层，他们越来越想谈论以前认为最好不要说的事。由此可推知，此处画线的句子的意思是说与旧的观点持相反的看法。故选C。

　　8．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中Coleman的观点可知，取得职业成功最重要的因素是“exposure”，即此段末句提到的使别人，尤其是你的上级，了解你和你的工作“...depends on how many people know you and your work，and what a high position these people hold.”。由此可推知，A项正确。故选A。

　　9．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知答案，他们害怕人们会认为他们升职是由于性别或肤色的原因，以至于隐藏自己。故选D。

　　10．解析：选C。观点态度题。文章第三段在紧接着第二段阐述Coleman的观点后提到“Ridiculous beliefs？But they are not ridiculous to many people，especially many women and members of minority races who，like Coleman，feel that they have a better picture of the reality.”，可见作者是赞同他的观点的；接着又引用Kaleel Jamison的话来证明Coleman所说的exposure的重要性，因此作者认为他的想法很特别。故选C。

　　Ⅴ.阅读填空

　　1．effective communication　2.Differences/Distinctions　3.Succeed/Being successful　4.ineffective/impossible/difficult　5.Types/Kinds　6.Setting up

　　7．Cultural　8.technical terms　9.misunderstanding　10.Conclusion

　　Ⅵ.阅读简答

　　1．Protecting people from the spread of swine flu.

　　2．In the morning.

　　3．A flight company/An airline.

　　4．The cause of the dust/sand storm.